AIM: The plasma concentration-time curve,pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavilability of puerarin,the main active constituent of Yufeng Ningxin Tablets(total flavone of Radix Puerariae Lobatae) in dog by(oral) administration was determined,and the pharmacokinetics was compared with puerarin injection by intravenous injection individually. METHODS: A single dose(the puerarin amount to 10.49 mg/kg) of Yufeng Ningxin Tablets by oral administration and puerarin injection by intravenous injection(9 mg/kg) were given to dogs in a auto-control way. The concentration of puerarin in plasma was determined by HPLC.The PK solutions 2.0 program,a non-compartmental model software,was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: 1.The pharmacokinetic parameters of puerarin in dog showed that the t_(1/2E) f puerarin injection(9 mg/kg) by i.v was(72.11)?3.69 min,CL was 4.19?0.25 mL/min,AUC_((0-∞)) was 2172.42?123.02 ?g/min/mL,and the t_(1/2E) of puerarin in Yufeng Ningxin Tablets(10.49 mg/kg) by oral administration was 271.80?7.94 min, CL was 48.52?(2.20) mL/min,C_(max) was 0.43?0.06 ?g/mL, T_(max) was 150 min, AUC_((0-∞)) was 185.77?8.20 ?g/min/mL,and bioavailability was 7.03% compared to puerarin injection by intravenous injection. CONCLUSION: The absorption of puerarin in Yufeng Ningxin Tablets by oral administration comparing with puerarin injection by intravenous injection in dog is very poor,and the bioavailabilites is also low.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To examine the relationship between gender and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI).Methods From January 1,1999 to December 31,2012,data on VLBWI and ELBWI,who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Yuying Children's Hospital within 14 d after birth,were retrospectively collected.The Chi-square test and t test were used to compare neonatal outcomes between male and female infants.The Logistic model was used to analyze the risk factors for IVH.Results A total of 1 008 cases were enrolled,including 615 males and 393 females,895 VLBWI and 113 ELBWI.The incidence of IVH was 15.1％ (152/1 008) and the incidence of severe IVH was 8.4％ (85/1 008).Compared with females,males had a higher total incidence of IVH [17.2％ (106/615) vs 11.7％ (46/393),x2=5.728,P＜0.05] and severe IVH [9.8％ (60/615) vs 6.4％ (25/393),x2=3.896,P＜0.05].These differences were also seen in VLBWI with a birth weight of 1 250 to 1 499 g [IVH:13.7％ (47/344) vs 7.8％ (17/217),x2=4.473,P=0.034; severe IVH:7.6％ (26/344) vs 2.8％ (6/217),x2=5.684,P=0.017].Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for IVH were as follows:gestational age ＜28 weeks (aOR=2.012,95％CI:1.288-3.143,P＜0.05),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (aOR=l.584,95％CI:1.007-2.492,P＜0.05),invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR=2.743,95％CI:1.826-4.121,P＜0.05),electrolyte disturbance (aOR=2.128,95％CI:1.092-4.149,P＜0.05) and periventricular leukomalacia (aOR=2.901,95％CI:1.312-6.416,P＜0.05),but not male sex (aOR=1.351,95％CI:0.917-1.991,P=0.128).The risk factors for severe IVH were gestational age ＜28 weeks (aOR=2.200,95％CI:1.305-3.708,P＜0.05),invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR=4.714,95％CI:2.809-7.911,P＜0.05) and electrolyte disturbance (aOR=2.232,95％CI:1.047 4.759,P＜0.05),but not male sex (aOR=1.361,95％CI:0.823 2.252,P=0.247).Conclusions Male VLBWI and ELBWI have a higher incidence of IVH and severe IVH,but male sex is not a risk factor for IVH or severe IVH.

BACKGROUND:In previous experiments, a polymer-shel ed microbubble contrast agent was successful y prepared using L-polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol methyl-covered liquid fluorocarbon perfluoropentane, which developed wel in vivo and in vitro under a second harmonic contrast-enhanced ultrasound with a low mechanical index OBJECTIVE:To optimize the conditions for preparing polymer-shel ed microbubble contrast agents with high yield and suitable size. METHODS:The polymer-shel ed microbubble contrast agent containing perfluoropentane was prepared by single emulsion method. Three preparation conditions, including polymer mass/perfluoropentane volume ratio (4/1, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2), hemogenate speed (18 000, 26 000, 35 000 r/min) and time (15, 30, 60, 120 seconds), were optimized, and the microbubble yield and size were set as judge standard. The contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of rabbit kidney was performed using the optimized microbubbles, and the arrival time, time to peak, half time of descending and peak intensity were analyzed by TCA software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The preparation conditions were optimized as a polymer mass/perfluoropentane volume ratio of 2/1, homogenate speed of 26 000 r/min and homogenate time of 60 seconds, which presented a high microbubble yield of (1.8±0.4)×109/mL and mean size of (3.7±1.3)μm with uniform distribution. The arrival time, time to peak, half time of descending and peak intensity were detected as (3.1±0.6) seconds, (2.9±0.5) seconds, (4.0±0.7) seconds and (4.7±1.1)×10-5 AU, respectively. The polymeric microbubbles prepared by optimized conditions were of high yield, with suitable size and good contrast-enhanced effect in vivo.

Objective To observe the preventive effect of Anduolin(ADL) on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.Methods Totally 180 of Kunming mice were randomly classified into six groups:normal control group ( N ),irradiation control group ( R),irradiation plus low dose ADL group ( L),irradiation plus middle dose ADL group ( M),irradiation plus high dose ADL group ( H),and irradiation plus Dexamethasone group (D).The mice except group N were irradiated with 20 Gy of 6 MV X-rays on whole lung.The mice in group L,M and H were given with ADL 1 d before irradiation and continued for 6 weeks after irradiation.At 2,4 and 6 weeks after irradiation,the general situation and the lung pathological changes of mice were observed.The lung wet weight,collagen contents of the whole lung tissue,hydroxproline concentration,and TGF-β1 expression in the lung were also delected.Results Compared to the group R,the mice breathing rate,hydroxproline concentration,and TGF-β1 expression in the group L were not significantly changed.While in the groups M,H and D,the breathing rate,the generation of hydroxproline and the expression of TGF-β1 were decreased significantly ( F =2.668-161.646,P ＜0.05).In addition,ADL alleviated the pathological changes on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.Conclusions ADL might have the preventive effect on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.

Objective: To evaluate the affect for quality by crushing technology, The dissolution of Yufengningxin Tablets being prepared by different crushing technology was determined by taking the dissolution of puerarin as test marker. Methods: The Tablets were prepared with the fine powder of Pueraria crude drug which was crushed by normal crusher or super fine crusher. The rotatory basket method was used, the cumulative dissolution percentage was determined by HPLC. Results: Statistics indicated there was a significant difference in dissolution parameter (T 50 ) between super fine crushing powder Tablets and normal fine crushing powder Tablets P

Objective To observe the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on hand dysfunction after stroke. Methods From March, 2013 to June, 2015, 56 cases of stroke with hand dysfunction were divided into group A (n=28) and group B (n=28). Both groups received basic rehabilitation, while group B received TEAS in addition, for six weeks. They were evaluated with Brunnstrom Grades, Manunl Muscle Test (MMT), Fugl- Meyer Assessment (FMA) of fingers, Motor Status Scale (MSS), modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Motor Hand Functional Status Score and Barthel Index (BI). Results The scores of FMA of fingers, MMT of wrist flexion, MSS, MAS and BI were more in group B than in group A (t>2.2527, P<0.05), and the score of NI-HSS was less in group B (t=3.556, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between two groups in the score of Motor Hand Functional Status Score and MMT of wrist extension (t<0.310, P>0.05). Conclusion TEAS can promote the recovery of hand function and the activi-ties of daily living in patients after stroke.

Objective To investigate the virus-carrying rate of non-polio enteroviruses ( NPEV) in patients with acute flaccid paralysis ( AFP) in Yunnan province of China in 2015 and to analyze the genetic characteristics of enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains. Methods A total of 213 cases under 15 years old with AFP were reported by Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) of Yunnan Province of China. Virus isolation was conducted for all samples and the serotypes of isolated NPEV strains were identified by VP1 se-quencing. The isolation rates of NPEV in the past consecutive 5 years were analyzed by SPSS22. 0 software. Phylogenetic trees of NPEV and EV71 strains were constructed by MEGA6. 06 software based on neighbor-joining algorithm and Kimura 2-parameter substitution model and the reliability of the phylogenetic trees was determined by bootstrap analysis with 100 pseudo replicate datasets. Results Altogether, 23 NPEV strains were isolated from 213 AFP cases. Among the 23 strains, 7 strains belonged to EV-A group (2 serotypes, 6 strains of which were EV71 ) , 14 strains belonged to EV-B group ( 8 serotypes ) and the other 2 strains belonged to EV-C group. No NPEV strains of EV-D group were identified. Statistical analysis showed that no significant differences in the isolation rates were observed in the past 5 years ( P=0. 101 ) . Conclusion The isolation rate of NPEV in patients with AFP in Yunnan province in 2015 was similar to that of the previ-ous years. The EV71 strains of C4 subgenotype were the predominant strains circulating in Yunnan province.

Objective To explore the relationship of hepatocholangiocarcinoma and hepatolithiasis and to(increase) the early diagnosis of this disease.Methods The clinical data of 24 cases of(hepatocholangiocacinoma) associated with hepatolithiasis were retrospectively analyzed.Results The occurrence rate of hepatolithiasis concomitant with hepatocholangiocarcinoma was 2.8%(24 of 860 cases),and all of the tumors were located in the area of the bile duct with hepatolithiasis.Biliary atypical epithelial hyperplasia and cholangiocarcinoma were simultaneously present in some of the pathological sections.In this series,the correct diagnostic rate of hepatolithiasis associated with a space-occupying lesion in the liver before operation by ultrasonograph was 40.9%,by CT was 53.8% and by MRI/MRCP was 66.7%.17 cases(70.8%) were resected,and the radical resection rate was 33.3%(8/24).Palliative resection was done in 37.5%of cases(9/24).The 1-and 3-year survival rate was 62.5%,and(25.0)% respectively,in the group of radical resection;was 33.3% and 11.1% respectively,in the group with palliative resection;and 0% in the pathological biopsy group.Conclusions Long-term recurrent hepatolithiasis is an important cause for the development of hepatocholangiocarcinoma.The misdiagnostic rate of the disease was high,and the treatment results and prognosis were poor.It is important to pay more attention to the reasons for delaying the diagnosis of hepatolithiasis-related cholangiocarcinoma and take the appropriate preventative measures to assist in its early diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of low-dose ketamine on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) under propofol anesthesia in depressed rats. Methods Sixty adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. The depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The animals were then randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 each): control group (group C), depression group (group D), propofol group ( group P), propofol + ECT group ( group PE), ketamine + propofol group ( group KP), and ketamine + propofol + ECT group (group KPE). Groups P and KP received intraperitoneal propofol 100 mg/kg and ketamine 10 mg/kg + propofol 80 mg/kg respectively, and groups PE and KPE received ECT after intraperitoneal injection of propofol 100 mg/kg and ketamine 10 mg/kg + propofol 80 mg/kg respectively once a day for 7 consecutive days. All rats underwent sucrose fluid consumption and Morris water maze tests before CUMS, after CUMS, and after treatment. Results Compared with group C, the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly decreased, the escape latency was prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant (the original platform quadrant) was shortened after CUMS in D, P, PE, KP and KE groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group D,the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05), while no significant change in the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant was found after treatment in group KPE ( P ＞ 0.05 ), and the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly increased, the escape latency was prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened after treatment in group PE ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group PE, the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly increased, the escape latency was shortened, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged after treatment in group KPE ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Low-dose ketamine can not only enhance the efficacy of ECT under propofol anesthesia in depressed rats, but also reduce cognitive impairment induced by ECT.