Objective To investigate antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from female patients. Methods:Antimicrobial susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to 7 antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method and penicillinase- producing N.gonorrhea(PPNG)was confirmed by nitrocefin disk.Results:Of the 95 strains collected,38(40%)were found to be PPNG.No resistance to spectinomycin was identified.The susceptibility rate of these isolates to penicillin,tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were much lower,only from 0% to 2.6%.More than 90% of the isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone,and ceftizoxime.Conclusions:Our study suggests that spectinomycin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone,ceftizoxime are the first choice for treatment of gonorrhea in female patients.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors concentrate on the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction and participate in the neuromuscular transmission,which is of great importance to normal muscle function. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a kind of pentamer.There are 2 types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor due to the different subunit:fetal type ?-AChR (? 2???) and adult type ?-AChR(? 2???). This article reviews the difference of 2 types of nAChR in expression period,distribution,regulation mechanism and physiological significance.

Objective To observe the expressions of stem cell factor(SCF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF) in bronchoaveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of asthmatic mouse,and the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG) intervention on them.Methods Thirty Kunming rats were randomly divided into asthmatic group,BCG intervention group and control group,each group had 10 rats.Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthmatic model.Asthmatic mice were injected intradermally with BCG on 7,3,1 d before sensitization.After 24 h of last challenge,BALF were collected.The total cells and eosinophils(EOS) were counted in the BALF.The SCF and M-CSF levels of BALF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The number of total cells and EOS [(27.06?4.25)?107 L-1,(7.58?1.30)?107 L-1]in BALF in asthmatic mice were more than those in control group[(4.93?1.43)?107 L-1,0](Pa0.05).The M-CSF level also increased noticeably in asthmatic mice[(204.30?10.39) ng/L] compared with the control group[(181.33?8.63) ng/L](P

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and influence factors of a new silver salt method for determination of arsenic in drinking water. Methods Arsenic was determined at different reaction temperature,acidity, specification and addition of zinc granular, fill weight of lead acetate cotton, and the effect of these factors on assay results was observed. Arsenic in drinking water was determined in accordance with standard test methods (GB/T 5750.6) of the new silver method. Results The recoveries of the arsenic were 75.3％ - 93.6％(F =9.21,P ＜ 0.01 ) with reaction temperature at 10 - 30 ℃, and the best reaction temperature was 25 ℃. The recoveries of the arsenic ranged from 80.3％ - 91.6％(F =4.67, P＜ 0.05) when sulfuric acid was 3.0 - 6.0 ml and the best value was 5.0 ml. The recoveries of the honeycomb structural zinc granular(diameter 0.2 - 0.3, 0.3 - 0.4 mm) and button zinc granular were 87.2％, 90.7％ and 83.0％, respectively; the best specification was 0.3 - 0.4 mm. The recoveries of zinc granular weight(3 - 5 g ) were 74.6％ - 91.7％, respectively; the best was 5 g. The recoveries ranged from 79.6％ - 91.3％ with fill weight of lead acetate cotton at 25 - 100 mg, the best fill weight was 50 mg.The recoveries of the arsenic were 90.7％, 92.5％, 81.5％ and 74.2％ with lead acetate cotton length at 0.5 - 2.0 cm,and the best loose-tight degree was 1.0 cm. The stability time of arsine solution was 5.0, 4.0, 2.5 h with corresponding temperature at 20, 25, 30 ℃, respectively. ConclusionsIn order to ensure precision and accuracy of the measurement, it is necessary to control reaction temperature, acidity, specification and addition of zinc granular free from arsenic, fill weight of lead acetate cotton and loose-tight degree in the reaction system.

Objective To investigate the treatment of combined subclavian artery and brachial plexus injury. Methods Since 1994, we have treated 5 cases of combined subclavian artery and brachial plexus injury. 2 of them were cut wound, 1 gun shot wound, and 2 blunt trauma. 2 cases had combined aneurysm and 1 had combined aneurysm plus A V fistula. According to the sites of subclavian artery injury, vein graft( 1 case) , suture repair( 1 cases) and ligation (1 case) were performed. The 2 cases of blunt trauma underwent only neurolysis because of masses of hematoma and tissue adhesion. Results The 3 cases of open injury who had underwent early repair of artery and nerve had various degrees of recovery of nerve functions and experienced no pain in the injured extremities. As for the 2 cases of blunt trauma, 1 got only pain relief and 1 had no recovery. Conclusion Dysfunction due to hematoma or progressive pseudoaneurysm compression on the brachial plexus can be relieved and patients can get maximal rehabilitation if hematoma or aneurysm is managed in time and the brachial plexus nerve is decompressed early.

BACKGROUND:Arthroscopic treatment of tibial eminence fracture requires tiny wire,induces less epiphyseal plate damage during operations,obtains strong fixations,alows early movement postoperatively,obviously attenuate the injuries,facilitate wound healing,and reduce complications.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompatibility of arthroscopic reduction and wire fixation in treatment of fresh and old tibial eminence fractures.METHODS:Twenty-five patients with fresh and old tibial eminence fractures were treated with arthroscopic reduction and wire fixation from January 2010 to April 2012 in the Second People's Hospital of Yichang City.The postoperative fracture healing time and knee function improvement in the two groups were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the fresh fracture patients,the fracture healing time was longer,Lachman test positive rate was higher in the old fracture patients than (P＜0.05),knee flexion and extension activity and Lysholm score were lower (P＜0.05).Experimental findings indicate that,arthroscopic reduction and wire fixation is a feasible clinical treatment of fresh and old tibial intercondylar eminence fractures.

Adolescent ; Atrial Appendage ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; diagnosis ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the changes of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-αafter cholecystectomy.Methods 46 cases with cholecystolithiasis were selected and divided into 2 groups.23 in control group were treated with open cholecystectomy, experimental group were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and CD4 +/CD8 +T were compared in the two groups pre-and post-treatment.ResuIts Compared with pre-treatment, two groups of patients with IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 and CD4 +T and CD4 +/CD8 +T increased (P<0.05), compared with control group, experimental group IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, CD4 +/CD8 +T levels were higher (P<0.05).ConcIusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can significantly reduce the IL-6, TNF-αand IL-10 levels, reduce the body′s stress response to surgery, and reduce blood flow, shorten the operation time.

Objective To compare the individual effects of three recruitment maneuvers (RM) in children with congenital heart disease complicated by postoperation acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.Thirty-two children with congenital heart disease complicated with ARDS after open-heart surgery undergoing mechanical ventilation were randomized into three groups,to whom three different RM was respectively performed,namely sustained inflation (SI),progressively increased positive end expiratory pressure (IP) and pressure control ventilation (PCV).Blood gas analysis was done every 6 hours,and the lung RM was performed if oxygenation index (OI) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The OI,the dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn),as well as the parameters of hemodynamics before,during and after RM for 15,30,and 60 minutes were recorded and analyzed before and after RM.Results During the treatment process,the OI was significantly increased during the process and 15,30 or 60 minutes after RM compared with that before RM,with no statistical difference among groups (F value was 1.027,0.403,0.264,0.172,0.159,and P value was 0.367,0.671,0.769,0.843,0.853).The Cdyn at all time points in each group was also significantly increased,but there was no statistical difference among groups (F value was 0.009,0.015,0.206,0.010,0.389,and P value was 0.991,0.985,0.814,0.990,0.683).In the process of RM,the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the children were lowered compared with those before RM [HR (bpm):131.67 ± 9.56 vs.138.93 ± 5.22 in SI group,133.27 ± 9.54 vs.140.33 ± 7.74 in IP group,137.13 ± 7.39 vs.142.40 ± 9.18 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01;MAP (mmHg):55.07 ± 4.43 vs.65.87 ± 4.46 in SI group,58.82 ± 6.04 vs.64.02 ± 7.65 in IP group,57.89 ± 4.71 vs.65.36 ± 5.37 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01],but it recovered immediately.CVP in all three groups was increased during RM [cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa):11.60±0.99 vs.5.53±0.74 in SI group,10.33± 1.35 vs.5.40±0.74 in IP group,10.20±0.94 vs.5.80±0.68 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01].There was significant difference in CVP during RM among three groups (F =7.327,P =0.002),and CVP in SI group was higher than that of other two groups (both P ＜ 0.05).CVP returned to the former level in 15 minutes after RM in IP and PCV groups,and recovered in 30 minutes in SI group.Conclusions All of the RM methods can effectively improve oxygenation and pulmonary compliance of the children with complication of ARDS,and they complement the inadequacy of lung protective ventilation.PCV and IP are more effective than SI in the uniform re-expansion of alveoli after RM and recovery of hemodynamics.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of hepatic resection for huge primary liver carcinoma (PLC). Methods 216 cases of huge PLCs(mean diameter of 14.2cm) were resected. The hepatectomies were performed under intermittent occlusion of hepatic inflow. Results All 216 cases were successfully resected. The mean time of occlusion of hepatic inflow was 19min, the mean blood loss was 743 ml. No serious complications occurred, and only seven patients died of hepatic failure and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage postoperatively in this series. Conclusions Although resection of huge PLC is quite difficult, but if suitable surgical techique and perioperative management are adopted ,it is safe and feasible .