Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic diseases in children.Asthma can not be fully explained by imbalance of Thl/Th2.With the research progress of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell,it has been found that CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell related factors such as forkhead/winged helix transcription factor,heine oxygenase-1,transforming growth factor-?,cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 are closely linked to asthmatic mechanisms.

Objective To explore the characteristics of hemi-nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (hn-MSP) and to find out the possible relationship between patterns of methylation or deletion and the developmet of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Methods hn-MSP and bisulfit-sequencing PCR (BSP) were designed and adopted to analyze p15 gene methylation or deletion patterns in 25 adult ALL patients,malignant hematopathy cell lines and normal lymphocytes. hn-MSP and BSP products were cloned and sequenced.The sensitivity and specificity of hn-MSP were also analized.Results The sequencing results of hn-MSP and BSP products were consistent, and the sensitivity of detection of p15 methylation was up to 1.0×10-5.17 adult ALL patients (68 ％) were p15 gene hypermethylation and 3 patients were with deletion of p15 gene exon 1.There were no hypermethylation or deletion in the 10 controls.Conclusions The detection rate of p15 methylation in many tumors,especially in adult ALL,is frequent high.hn-MSP is highly sensitive and specific in analyzing p15 methylation.

Objective: Numerous studies have shown that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance neurological recovery after cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanisms are still not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of MSCs on global cerebral ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Rats subjected to asphyxial CA were injected intravenously with MSCs (5×106 ) at 2 hours after resuscitation. Whole brain histopathologic damage scores (HDS) were assessed by histopathology at 3 and 7 days after resuscitation. The distribution of donor MSCs in the brain was evaluated. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 6 (TSG-6) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex was assayed. After intravenous infusion of TSG-6 siRNA-MSCs, HDS and pro-inflammatory cytokines were reevaluated at 7 days after resuscitation. Results: Intravenously administered MSCs significantly reduced whole brain HDS after global cerebral ischemia. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that donor MSCs were primarily found in cerebral cortex and expressed TSG-6. MSCs treatment significantly increased the expression of TSG-6 and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex. In addition, intravenous infusion of TSG-6 siRNA-MSCs failed to attenuate brain inflammation. Conclusion: Systemically administered MSCs reduced inflammatory damage to brain in rats with global cerebral ischemia via secretion of TSG-6.
Heart Arrest ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation professional training. Methods Based on the 10 tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou, Guangdong, the professionals from communitiy hospitals were trained. The scores of knowledge and practice tests were analyzed in 2 terms of training. Results The students performed better in the practice test (82.01±8.91) than knowledge (71.08±10.05) (P<0.01). The score of knowledge tests was better in the second term than the first (P<0.05), no difference between them in the score of practice test. Conclusion Rehabilitation professional training in Guangzhou can improve the ability of service of medical rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVETo discuss arthroscopic technique of single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation for tibial intercondylar eminence fracture and its clinical results.

METHODSFrom May 2008 to December 2012, 21 patients (13 males, 8 females, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years old) with tibial intercondylar eminence fracture were treated arthroscopically with single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique. According to Meyers and McKeever classification, 7 patients were type II, 10 patients were type III, and 4 patients were type IV. Active rehabilitation began at one week after operation. The patients were followed up for 10 to 30 months. X-ray films were taken to evaluate fracture healing at 1, 3, 6 months after operation; range of motion, the anterior drawer test, the lachman test and the Lysholm knee score were used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll fractures were healed without displacement at 6 weeks after operation. Anterior drawer test and the lachman test were both negative in all patients at 3 months after operation. Lysholm knee score was 95.5 ±2.5 at 6 months after operation, and postoperative X-ray film did not find epiphyseal line broadening or narrowing.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment for tibial eminence intercondylar fracture with single Kirschner wire and 8-shaped suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique has many advantages, such as firm fixation,early mobilization, less invasive, less injury of physis and satisfactory effect.

Adolescent ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Wires ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Sutures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of human IL-10 gene transfection on the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the penumbra area following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and to investigate its neuroprotective mechanism. MethodsRats were divided into four groups: normal control group, ischemic control group, empty plasmid group and human IL-10 gene transfected group. The mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the penumbra area were detected by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA respectively. ResultsIn normal control group, ischemic control group, empty plasmid group and human IL-10 gene transfected group, the levels of protein expression of TNF-α in penumbra area were(0.66±0. 04) ,(1.16±0.26),(1. 155±0. 26)ng/g and(0. 84±0. 05)ng/g, and the levels of protein expression of IL-1βin penumbra area were(0.37±0.05), (1.25±0.39), (1.21±0.57) ng/g and(0.62+0.05)ng/g, respectively. Compared with normal control group, the levels of protein expression of TNF-α and 1L-1β were significantly higher in other three groups(all P＜0. 01), and lower in human IL-10 gene transfected group than in ischemic control group and empty plasmid group(all P＜0. 01). In normal control group, ischemic control group, empty plasmid group and human IL-10 gene transfectedgroup, the levels of mRNA expression of TNF-α in penumbra area were 1.00 ±0.53,9.42±1.83,9.69±1.96 and 3.53±1.09, and the levels of mRNA expression of IL-1β in penumbra area were 1.00 ±0.51,27. 81±4.84,23.96 ± 4.90 and 13.55± 4.45, respectively. Compared with normal control group, the levels of mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in other three groups(all P＜0. 01), and lower in human IL-10 gene transfected group than in ischemic control group and empty plasmid group(all P＜0. 01). ConclusionsThe human IL-10 gene transfection may play an protective effect on cerebral ischemia through inhibiting mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the penumbra area following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of nuclear translocation of E2p45 related factor 2 (Nrf2)on the biological activity of melanocytes.Methods Plasmid vectors containing wild-type nrf2 gene (pcDNA-nrf2) and nls-deleted nrf2 gene (pcDNA-nrf2△nls) were constructed.B10BR normal murine melanocytes were classified into three groups,i.e.,untransfected group,wild-type nrf2 group transfected with pcDNA-nrf2,and mutated nrf2 group transfected with pcDNA-nrf2△nls.Each of the above groups were further divided into three subgroups:control subgroup receiving no treatment,hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) subgroup treated with H2O2 of 200 μmol/L for 24 hours,and combined subgroup pretreated with tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) followed by treatment with H2O2 of 200 μmol/L for 24 hours.Subsequently,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of cells,dopa oxidation assay to determine tyrosinase activity,Transwell assay to estimate cell migration ability,Western blot to quantify the expressions of Nrf2 and his tag fusion protein.Results TBHQ significantly enhanced the nuclear expression of Nrf2 in B10BR cells transfected with pcDNA-nrf2 or pcDNA-nrf2△nls (both P ＜ 0.01).No significant difference was observed in tyrosinase activity between untreated wild-type nrf2 group,mutated nrf2 group,and untransfected group (P ＞ 0.05).There was a statistical decrease in tyrosinase activity in the two H2O2-treated transfected groups compared with the untreated transfected groups (both P ＜ 0.05),and the decrease was reversed by TBHQ pretreatment in the wildtype nrf2 group (P ＜ 0.05),but not in the mutated nrf2 group (P ＞ 0.05).Further more,the proliferative activity of B10BR cells experienced no obvious changes in the wild-type nrf2 group (P ＞ 0.05),but was significantly reduced in the untransfected group (P ＜ 0.05) and mutated nrf2 group (P ＜ 0.01) after the H2O2 treatment compared with the corresponding untreated groups.TBHQ could protect the pcDNA-nrf2-transfected B10BR cells,but not pcDNA-nrf2△nls-transfected B10BR cells,from H2O2-induced oxidative damage.Transwell assay showed no significant difference in migration ability among these nine groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Abnormal nuclear translocation of Nrf2 could affect antioxidant activity of,proliferative activity of and tyrosinase activity in melanocytes.TBHQ may enhance the tyrosinase activity in,proliferative activity and antioxidant activity of melanocytes via activating the nuclear expression of wild type Nrf2.

Objective To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)treatment on TSG-6 in a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham group,phosphate buffer solution (PBS)-treated group and MSCs-treated group.Animals were subjected to asphyxial cardiac arrest followed by CPR.In PBS-treated group or MSCs-treated group,animals were injected intravenously with PBS or MSCs at 2h after resuscitation.Neurological deficit scores (NDS) were assessed at 1,3 and 7 d after CPR.Serum S-100B was assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Immunofluorescence was performed to detect donor MSCs and the expression of TSG-6 in brain.TSG-6 and proinflammatory cytokines in brain were assayed using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Western blot analysis was performed to measure the levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) in brain.Multiple comparisons were made by analysis of variance.Results At 3d and 7d,MSCs-treated group demonstrated higher NDS than PBS-treated group (P ＜ 0.01),and serum S-100B levels significantly reduced in MSCs-treated group compared with PBS-treated group (P ＜ 0.01).DAPI-labeled MSCs migrated into the ischemic brain and some DAPI + cells colocalized with TSG-6.Compared with PBS-treated group,MSCs treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of TSG-6 and reduced the expression of NE and proinflammatory cytokines in brain at 3 d and 7 d after CPR (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Systemically administered MSCs suppressed inflammatory responses in brain after CPR and improved neurological function in rats possibly via induction of TSG-6.

Objectives This study aimed at investigating the cellular mechanism of isoproterenol (ISO) on delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and triggered activity (TA) of the noninfarcted myocardium in the myocardial infarcted rabbit model.Methods Rabbits with the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion were prepared and recovered for 8 wk (healed myocardial infarction, HMI). Myocytes were isolated from regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular free wall. ISO was added to cellular surface by perfusion way. Action potentials and ion currents were recorded with whole-cell patch clamp. Results The results showed that treatment with ISO induced more DADs and TA events in HMI myocytes. Iti and ICa-L of myocytes treated with ISO were increased significantly compared with HMI cells, which contributed to DADs-related triggered arrhythmia. Conclusions The results suggested that more arrhythmia events of DADs and TA developed in myocytes with ISO treatment. The underlying mechanism was associated with the augment of Iu and calcium influxing.

Objects To evaluate the immune protective effect of dexmedetomidine on breast cancer dur-ing perioperative radical mastectomy via sevoflurane inhalation general anesthesia. To explore reasonable anesthet-ic strategyfor breast cancer radical mastectomy. Methods Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in ex-perimental group receivedgeneral anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane. Control group means general anesthesia with sevoflurane only. In both groups, the level of cortisol, IL-6, IL-8 and of TNF-αin serum were measured at 5 time points , 30 minutes before anesthesia , after cutting skin , after surgery , 24 h after surgery and 72 h after surgery. Results The amount of anesthetic used to induce general anesthesia in the experimen-talgroup were lower than that of the control group.There is no obvious difference of cortisol , IL-6, IL-8 and of TNF-αin serumat the time of 30 min before anesthesia between two groups.Concentrations ofseveral markersin-creasedafter anesthesia, of which experimentalgroup were lower than that of the control group. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine could be immunoprotective for patient with breast cancer during perioperative radical mastecto-my via sevoflurane inhalationgeneralanesthesia. This study recommends usingmultiple anestheticdrugs to anes-thetize patients of breast cancer when performing radical mastectomy.