Objective To explore the relationship between galactose-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells and cataractogenesis.Methods Galactose was injected retrobulbarly into Wistar rats.The opacity of lens was examined by slit lamp.The expression of C-MYC was measured by flow cytometer.The apoptosis of lens epithelial cells was observed by TUNEL techniques.Results More than 50 percent of lenses were in the Ⅱ stage of cataractogenesis on the(7 d) after galactose induction;Eighty-seven percent of lenses were in the Ⅳ-Ⅴ stage on the(14 d),and 100 percent of lenses were in the Ⅳ-Ⅴ stage on the(24 d).The rate of apoptotic cell on the(7 d) and on the(14 d) after galactose induction was respectively 5.6%～8.4% and 30.2%～41.8%,and 60% apoptotic cells were observed on the(24 d).The levels of C-MYC expression in lens epithelial cells induced by galactose on the(7 d) and(14 d) were higher than that of normal lenses,but the level of C-MYC expression backed to normal level on the(24 d).Conclusion It was suggested that there are some apoptosis of the lens epithelial cells during galactose-induced cataractogenesis and that the apoptosis of the lens epithelial cells might be caused by higher expression of C-MYC.

Objective:To provide reference for the treatment of lipoprotein glomerulopathy and to investigate the participation of clinical pharmacists in the whole treatment course. Methods: Three different treatment regimens, including immunosuppressive thera-py, dual plasma filtration therapy and lipid-lowering combined with reducing urinary protein therapy was respectively adopted for one patient with lipoprotein glomerulopathy, and the efficacy was evaluated. Clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in deciding treatment regimen, performed pharmaceutical care, adjusted medication and analyzed the prognosis of the patient during the follow-up. Results:1. Immunosuppressive therapy was ineffective for the patient;2. The dual filtration acted quickly, while the expense was high and the disease was easy to relapse;3. The third therapy was relatively safer and more economical with long-term effect. Conclusion:Combi-nation therapy of lowering lipid and reducing urinary protein is the most suitable treatment regimen for the patient with lipoprotein glo-merulopathy. Clinical pharmacists play an important role in the whole course of treatment to assist physicians in obtaining the maximum benefit of patients.

BACKGROUND:Massive blood loss was caused by an over-reactive fibrinolytic system, as a sequence of tourniquet usage and surgery trauma in total knee arthroplasty. As an antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid has been proven to decrease not only the obvious and total blood loss, but also the ratio of alograft blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the effect of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty had not been clarified yet. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:Clinical data of 54 patients who received primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Third Hospital, Peking University from June to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to the use of tranexamic acid. 22 patients in the tranexamic acid group were given 2 g tranexamic acid by intravenous infusion during surgery. 32 patients in the control group were given an equal volume of physiological saline. Patients in both groups were oraly given anticoagulant rivaroxaban after replacement. Hemoglobin level and blood hematocrit were recorded before and after surgery for 5 consecutive days. The total amount of blood loss and hidden blood loss were calculated by using Cross equation. The difference in the amount of blood loss was compared between the two groups. Lower extremity venous ultrasound examination was conducted at 1 week after replacement to determine deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant difference in general data and perioperative conditions was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative drainage, dominant blood loss, total blood volume, the amount of autologous blood transfusion and the amount of alogeneic blood transfusion were significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group (P < 0.05). According to Gross formula, the difference of hidden blood loss was statisticaly significant between the tranexamic acid group (302.9±189.9) mL and the control group (596.8±271.4) mL (P < 0.05). Deep vein thrombosis appeared in one case between the two groups after replacement. Results indicate that intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid dramaticaly decreased the hidden blood loss in unilateral total knee arthroplasty, reduced alogeneic blood transfusion, and simultaneously did not increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb.

BACKGROUND:Under certain conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels can be differentiated into hepatocytes, which are an important source of liver cels. Moreover, multiple factors can be involved in this induced differentiation process. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inducible effect of cholestatic serum on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocytes. METHODS:Cholestatic animal model was prepared in rats to extract cholestatic serum. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels isolated from rats were divided into three groups and cultured in serum-free hepatocyte medium, serum-free hepatocyte medium plus cholestatic serum, serum-free hepatocyte medium plus normal serum, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive expression of alpha fetoprotein and keratin 18 and mass concentration of albumin were significantly higher in the serum-free hepatocyte medium plus cholestatic serum group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that cholestatic serum has a certain inducible role in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocytes.

The Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, many studies have revealed its prominent neuroprotection function. The active ingredients in Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis could protect the nervous system in a multi-path and multi-target manner. Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis shows the neuroprotective effect by resisting oxidation, scavenging free radicals, modulating neurotransmitters and their related receptors, regulating the inflammatory factors and their related pathways, attenuating neuron apoptosis, reducing intracellular Ca2+ overloads and mitigating neurodegeneration. In this paper, the authors summarized the advance in studies on neuroprotective mechanisms of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Uncaria ; chemistry

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the intracellular expression of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in placental lymphocytes and the pregnancy outcomes in NOD/SCID mice. METHODS: The resorption rate of embryos (RR) was compared between BALB/c and NOD/SCID mice. In addition, the expression rates of Th1 type (TNF-? and IL-2) and Th2 type (IL-10) cytokines were detected intracellularlly in placental lymphocytes by four-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: Although multiple-immunodeficiency was confirmed in the NOD/SCID, no significant difference was observed in RR between BALB/c and NOD/SCID mice. At the same time, a dramatically elevated level of CD8+IL-10+/CD8+ cell percentage was found at the feto-maternal interface in NOD/SCID?NOD/SCID, as compared with BALB/c?BALB/c mice, while no significant difference was observed for TNF-? and IL-2 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ cell subsets isolated from these mice. CONCLUSION: The spontaneous elevation of CD8+IL-10+/CD8+ cell percentage at the feto-maternal interface may be related to the roughly normal fertility in NOD/SCID mice.

Objective To investigate the T cell cytotoxicity induced by recombinant adenovirus carrying HIV-1 vpr gene.Methods C8166 cells infected with rAd-vpr or negative control rAd-vector,were analyzed for cell cycle distribution and cell death by flow cytometry.The discrimination of living cells,apoptotic and necrotic cells were differentiated with Hoechst-PI double staining under the confocal microscopy.Changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(△ψm)were monitored by JC-1 staining method.Results Annexin V-PI and Hoechst-PI staining indicated the death effects of HIV-1 Vpr on C8166 cells.PI flow cytometric analysis showed that cell cycle arrested in G2 phase.C8166 cell△ψm collapse mediated by Vpr was detected by JC-1 fluorescent staining.Conclusion The ability of recombinant adenovirus carrying HIV-1 vpr gene to induce mitochondria dysfunction,cell cycle G2 phase arrest and cell death was confirmed in C8166 cells.

Objective To explore the methods for coverage of the defect of great toe after the wrap-a- round flap transferand decrease the morbidity of donor site in great toes.Methods Twenty-five patients received three kinds of procedure for immediate resurfacing of donor defect of the great toes during wrap-around flap transferAmong them9 cases received the free flaps for coverage of defect in donor great toes12 cases was repaired by local pedieled dorsal or plamarpedis flapsand the other cases were treated by the nail-flap of second toe.Results All the flaps were survivalTwo patients received the flap thinning procedure in 6 months laterall patients were satisfied with cosmetic and functional outcomeThe appearance and sensory function of donor toe repaired by second toe nail-flap was best among three methods.Conclusion Accord- ing the detect situation of great toesthree kinds of flap were selected for immediate coverage of donor site, which can decrease the complication of donor great toe at the most.

Background Various studies demonstrated that the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells(LECs) is associated with the overexpression of the c-myc gene in LECs induced by galactose.Inhibiting the abnormal expression of the c-myc gene in LECs is an effective approach to mitigate the pathogenesis and development of cataract.Objective The goal of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(c-myc ASODN) on the apoptosis of LECs in the eye with galactose-induced cataract.Methods Galactose-induced cataract models were established by the retrobulbar injection of 0.2 mL of 20% galactose once per day.Lipo-antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(Lipo-ASODN,0.2 mL) was retrobulbarly injected 4 hours after the injection of galactose at one-day intervals.The animals were sacrificed and lenses were obtained to evaluate the apoptosis of LECs and the effect of c-myc ASODN on LECs apoptosis induced by galactose was examined by TUNEL assay after 7,14 and 24 days.The ultrastructural changes of LECs were examined under the transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results A significant difference in the apoptotic rate of LECs was found among the 7 day,14 day and 24 day groups(F_(7 days)=3 418.495,P＜0.01;F_(14 days)=1137.555,P＜0.01;F_(24 days)=2198.871,P＜0.01).The apoptotic rate of LECs in the galactose group was markedly higher than that in the normal saline solution group 7 days,14 days and 24 days after the experiment(P＜0.01).The apoptotic rate of LECs in the galactose+lipo+ ASODN group significantly declined in comparison to the galactose group after 7 days,14 days and 24 days(P＜0.05).TUNEL assay showed the condensation,breakage and irregularity of the nuclei of apoptotic cells in the galactose group.The destruction of the ultrastructure of the cells and organelles were observed under the transmission electron microscope.Conclusion Galactose induces apoptosis of LECs in cataractogenesis.C-myc ASODN inhibits apoptosis of LECs induced by galactose.

Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; surgery