Abstract?AIM: To observe the effects of different antidiabetic therapies on macular thickness in diabetes patients without fundus complication.?METHODS: The macular thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography ( OCT) .The retina volume on the center of macula was scanned, and it generated automatically the average thickness data of three rings and nine areas of 1mm, 3mm and 6mm.The data were statistically analyzed.?RESULTS: Healthy control group, oral hypoglycemic drug group and insulin treatment group were enrolled. Each group included 22 cases 22 eyes.The macular retinal thickness of healthy control group is 268.09±17.97μm (the 1st ring), 340.41 ±22.25μm ( the 2nd ring) and 298.14 ± 12.90μm ( the 3 rd ring ) , respectively. The macular thickness of oral hypoglycemic drug group is 260.00 ± 18.17μm (the 1st ring), 335.44±21.12μm (the 2nd ring) and 295.63 ±15.92μm ( the 3rd ring), respectively.The macular thickness of insulin therapy group is 271.01 ± 26.09μm (the 1st ring), 340.86±17.10μm (the 2nd ring) and 298.57 ±12.14μm ( the 3rd ring ), respectively. Comparison of the macular thickness of the 1st ring among 3 groups was insignificant (F=1.21, P=0.31), neither the comparison of the 2nd ring (F=0.35, P=0.71), neither the comparison of the 3rd ring (F=0.22, P=0.81).? CONCLUSION: Compared with healthy individuals, both oral antidiabetic medicines and insulin therapy don't alter the macular thickness of patients with diabetes while without fundus complication.

Objective To study the clinical effect of Shenkang injection combined with valsartan in the treat-ment of patients with early stage diabetic nephropathy,and its influence on the expression changes of homocysteine ( Hcy) ,transforming growth factor β1 ( TGF -β1 ) , the inflammatory cytokines high sensitive C -reactive protein (hs-CRP),and interleukin-6 (IL-6).Methods 138 cases of early stage diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into control group ( conventional treatment, valsartan act as antihypertensive drug ) and treatment group ( treated with Shenkang injection combined with valsartan) by digital table.The total effective rate,glycemic index, renal function,levels of Hcy and TGF-β1,expression levels of inflammatory cytokines of two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group (91.30%) was significantly higher than the control group (76.81%) (χ2 =5.004,P<0.05).The values of FPG,2h PG,HbAlc,UAER,CysC and Scr were lower in the treat-ment group compared with the control group (t=4.514,3.743,4.754,6.214,3.925,3.777,all P<0.05).Com-pared with the control group,the concentrations of Hcy,TGF-β1,hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly[ (11. 78 ±1.95)μmol/L vs (9.21 ±1.64)μmol/L,(71.32 ±14.88) mg/L vs (60.04 ±11.75) mg/L,(7.07 ±1.25) mg/L vs (5.81 ±1.14)mg/L,(50.24 ±21.86)pg/mL vs (32.55 ±17.01)pg/mL],the differences were statistical-ly significant (t=8.378,4.942,6.187,5.305,all P<0.05).Conclusion Shenkang injection combined with val-sartan for the treatment of early stage diabetic nephropathy has significant clinical efficacy.It can improve patients're-nal function and reduce blood sugar levels.The effects may be related with inflammatory response inhibition and Hcy, TGF-β1 levels reduction.

[Objective] To study the effects of different growth periods on the contents of volatile oil and the curcumol in Curcuma aromatica Salisb. samples,which provided theoretical bases to control the quality of the crude drug of Curcuma aromatica Salisb.[Method]The contents of volatile oil in Curcuma aromatica Salisb. samples were determined by the method of Pharmacopeia,and HPLC method for determination of curcumol in different samples was established. [Result]The contents of volatile oil in different samples lied in the range of 0.820%～0.471%(g/g),and the contents of curcumol in different volatile oil samples were between 0.862%(g/g) and 1.380%(g/g). [Conclusion]Compared with the Curcuma aromatica Salisb. of a shorter growing period,the contents of longer growth period were higher.Different growing time had effects on the accumulating of volatile oil and the curcumol in Curcuma aromatica Salisb.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of three terpenoids inMelastoma dodecandrum Lour. (asiatic acid, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid).Methods The chromatographic column was set with waters SunFire C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm); the moving phase was acetonitrile -0.1%H3PO4; the column temperature was 30℃; the detection wavelength was 200 nm; the flow rate was 0.6 ml/min; and the sample volume was 25μl.Results A good linear relationship was observed in the range of 0.310-6.200μg (r=0.9999), 0.405-8.100μg (r=0.9999), 0.169-3.375μg (r=0.9998) for asiatic acid, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid respectively, with the average recovery rates of 102.08%, 101.81%, 102.22%. Conclusions The established method is convenient and sensitive, repeatability and stability, quality evaluation for Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.

Objective To investigate the complications of different enteral nutrition in patients after surgery for massive cerebellar infarction,so as to guide rational application of enteral nutrition in patients.Methods Forty-nine patients with massive cerebellar infarction were divided into three groups randomly:conventional nasogastric tube feeding group (group A,n =12),nasogastric tube feeding plus gastric motor drug group (group B,n =18),and nasojejunal tube feeding group (group C,n =19).The incidences of diarrhea,reflux,aspiration,upper gastrointestinal bleeding and aspiration pneumonia within 3 weeks after initiation of enteral nutrition were observed and compared among the groups.Results The incidence of diarrhea showed no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (x2 =0.092,P =0.955).Compared with group A,the incidences of reflux,aspiration and aspirafion pneumonia were significantly lower in group B and group C (P ＜ 0.05),and lower in group C compared with group B (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly lower in group C than in group A and group B (x22 =4.748,P2 =0.029;x23 =4.284,P3 =0.038),but the difference between group A and group B was not significant (x21 =0.000,P1 =1.000).Conclusions Because of the unique pathophysiological features in patients after surgery for massive cerebellar infarction,early enteral nutrition by conventional nasogastric tube feeding may be inappropriate.Nasogastric tube feeding plus gastric motor drug may be applied in mild case with short course of disease.Nasojejunal tube feeding may be the approach of choice for enteral nutrition in critical patients with massive cerebellar infarction for its association with lower incidence of complications.

Objective To analyze the true‐positive results ( ≥ 95% ) S/CO value of Treponema pallidum specific antibody (anti‐TP) positive samples caused by 2 different chemiluminescence detection assay in comparison with Treponema Pallidum Particle As‐say (TPPA) .Methods We collected the Treponema pallidum specific antibody positive samples of outpatient and hospitalization from October 2014 to January 2016 in Peking union medical college hospital as the research objects .There were 145 positive cases of Abbott laboratories (S/CO value of 1 .02 to 39 .29) ,24 positive cases of Roche (S/CO value of 1 .4 to 33 .07) .The 169 cases of Treponema pallidum specific antibody positive samples were detected with two methods of chemiluminescence detection at the same time ,TPPA was performed as repetition and confirmed test .Gathering and sorting the statistics of the positive predictive value seg‐mented ordered by specimen S/CO value ,to determine 95% or higher S/CO value of true positive results .Results After retested and confirmed by TPPA of the 169 positive cases ,the Abbott positive coincidence rate was 78 .7% ,the Roche positive coincidence rate was 81 .3% .When the S/CO value of Abbott ≥ 8 and the S/CO value of Roche ≥ 14 ,the positive predictive value was 100% . Conclusion When the S/CO value of Abbott ≥ 8 and the S/CO value of Roche ≥ 14 ,the S/CO value can be used as the true posi‐tive results( ≥ 95% ) .Abbott laboratories results S/CO value ≥ 8 ,Roche test results S/CO value ≥ 13 ,it is a 95% or higher S/CO limit of true positive results .

BACKGROUND: Vertigo caused by vertebral artery stenosis accounts for a corresponding large percent in vertigo patients. There is not a unified criterion in diagnostic method, which affects accuracy of diagnosis. Application of simply check such as neck rolling-flexion and head hypsokinesis test can give first diagnosis to patients with vertebral artery stenosis in clinic. Then examination of transcranial Doppler(TCD) and nuclear magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can be given to increase accuracy of clinical diagnosis.OBJECTIVE: To appraise diagnostic value of vertebral artery stenosis by neck rolling-flexion test, TCD and MRA examination.DESIGN: Cases analysis based on patients.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 41 patients with diagnosis of vertigo were chosen in Clinic of Neurological Department in Affiliated Hospital of Inter Mongolia Medical College from February to April 2004. The cases with vertigo that were not caused by vertebral artery stenosis were excluded.METHODS: Totally 41 patients with vertigo whose symptoms were induced by neck rolling-flexion and head hypsokinesis test were given later examination of TCD and MRA to vertebral arteries and basilar artery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three checking results of 41 patients.RESULTS: Totally 41 patients with vertigo whose symptoms were induced by neck rolling-flexion and head hypsokinesis test were chosen. Vertigo occurred after left-right neck rolling in 32 cases, which accounted for 78% in detectable rate, and vertigo occurred after neck flexion and head hypsokinesis in 25 cases, which accounted for 61% in detectable rate. Thirty cases were found dissymmetry of blood flow in vertebral arteries on two sides and diameter differences of vertebral arteries on two sides between 0.5-2.0 mm by examination of TCD, which accounted for 73% in detection rate. Thity-nine cases were found dissymmetry in inner diameter of vertebral arteries and the differences in diameter were between 0. 5-2.6 mm, which accounted for 95% in detection rate. The other two cases were detected vertebral artery stenosis.CONCLUSION: Neck rolling-flexion and head hypsokinesis test can induce vertigo symptom, which helps to give final diagnosis whether it is caused by vertebral artery stenosis. TCD examination has a corresponding higher accuracy in diagnosis of vertebral artery stenosis. MRA examination has the highest accuracy in diagnosis of vertebral artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND: Conventional opinions believe tissues of central nervous system(CNS) cannot regenerate after injury when they have been developed and maturated. However, recent researches have validated that neural stem cells exist in human and adult animal nervous system, and most of them are in static status in vivo. The therapeutic effects of neural stem cells in cerebral infarct have been a key point in the researches.OBJECTIVE: To observe the reactive process of endogenous neural stem cells after cerebral infarct to explore the effects of endogenous neural stem cell in CNS traumatic rehabilitation, which provides theoretical gist for the self-restoration after cerebral infarct.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial by using experimental animals as subjects.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery of Peking Union Hospital.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Neurosurgery Department of Peking Union Hospital from March to October in 2003. Totally 82 healthy male Wistar rats with a body mass between 250 g and 300 g were selected.METHODS: Cerebral infarct model was established in rats by thread-ligation method. Rats were divided into post-infarct 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days groups with 14 rats each. Control group was sham-operation group( n= 12). The expressions of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Nestin in the brain of the rats were dynamically detected by immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of BrdU and Nestin positive cell numbers after cerebral infarct in rats.RESULTS: Only very few BrdU and Nestin positive cells had survived in hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone(SVZ) area in control group. BrdU positive cell significantly increased compared with control group in hippocampus and SVZ area after 1 day of cerebral infarct( P ＜ 0.05),which reached its peak on the 7th day( P ＜ 0.05), started to reduce after 14 days but still in the level significantly higher than normal( P ＜ 0.05), and closed to normal level after 28 days. And moreover, BrdU and Nestin positive cells were significantly more in infarct side than the opposite side ( P＜ 0.05), which migrated towards the opposite side through callus.CONCLUSION: Cerebral infarct can activate the proliferation in situ and migration of endogenous neural stem cell.

Objective To investigate the effects of Dangshen (DS) extract saponins alleviating apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) of renal grafts and the mechanism. Methods The I/R injury model in SD rats was established after kidney transplantation. The SD rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n = 20): sham operation group, I/R model group, DS saponin intervention group. Blood urea nitrogen (Bun) and creatinine (Scr) levels were determined at the 24th h after operation; apoptosis index (AI) was detected by using TUNEL method; the expression of Bcl2 and bax mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results As compared with the sham operation group,the blood Bun and Scr levels were significantly increased in the I/R model and DS saponin intervention groups (P＜0. 05). As compared with the DS saponin intervention group, the blood Bun and Scr levels were significantly increased in the I/R group (P＜0.05). The AI was significantly increased in the I/R model group and DS saponin intervention group. After DS saponin intervention, the AI was decreased from 40. 28 % in the I/R model group to 28. 45 % in the DS saponin intervention group (P＜0. 05). The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in DS saponin intervention group and I/R model group was significantly decreased as compared with the sham operation group (P＜0. 05), but that of Bax mRNA was significantly increased in the I/R model group and DS saponin intervention group as compared with the sham operation group (P＜0. 05). After DS saponin intervention, the expression of Bcl-2mRNA was increased from 0. 25 in the I/R model group to 0. 391 (P＜0. 05), and that of Bax mRNA was decreased from 0. 565 in the I/R model group to 0. 473 (P＜0. 05). Conclusion DS extract saponin could significantly alleviate apoptosis in the I/R injury of renal grafts possibly by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and down-regulating the expression of Bax gene.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship of telomerase and canceration of sinonasal inverted papilloma(IP). METHODS Telomerase activity was measured by hybridization in situ in sinonasal mucosa of 10 cases of chronic in?ammation, 45 cases of sinonasal IP with dysplasia(45 cases were divided into three groups: IP with mild dysplasia, IP with moderate dysplasia and IP with severe dysplasia, 15 cases in each group), and 21 cases of cancerated sinonasal IP. RESULTSThe positive expression rates of telomerase was 0% in sinonasal mucosa with chronic inflammation, 0% in sinonasal IP with mild dysplasia, 13.3% in sinonasal IP with moderate dysplasia, 73.3% in sinonasal IP with severe dysplasia and 80.9% in cancerated sinonasal IP. CONCLUSION Telomeras plays a critical role in malignant transformation of sinonasal IP, and it is a marker of malignant transformation tendency of sinonasal IP.