Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids(GC)on brain damage in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Thirty two rats were randomized into the normal control group(Group A),acute pancreatitis group(Group B),common carotid therapeutic group(Group C)and lateral ventricle therapeutic group(Group D).The rats in group C and D were respectively given methylprednisolone through common carotid artery and lateral ventricle. All rats were killed 24r h later to determine the weight of water content in the brain.The pancreatic and brain tissues were stained with HE.Meanwhile,the brain samples were immunohistochemically stained and the medulla sheath specially stained to determine TNF-α and IL-2.Histopathological scoring of pancreas and counting of leukocytes in the brain were conducted.Results Group A had no obvious pathologic changes.Group C and D had fewer TNF-α positive cells in the brain than Group B.IL-2 was negative in each group.Brain edema,leukocyte number and demylination of myelinated nerves in Group C and D were significantly different from those in Group B(P＜0.05).Conclusion Demylination of myelinated nerves is the characteristic change in SAP.Brain edema,leukocyte infiltration and nerve cell degeneration would happen as well.TNF-α plays an important role in the development of SAP.GC has effects on prevention and therapy of brain damage in rats with SAP.

[Objective]To explore the feasibility and clinical effects of spinous proscess forming in posterior in the treatment of lower lumbar diseases. [Methods]Seventy-seven cases suffered from lower lumbar diseases were treated using spinous proscess forming as interbody fusion material.The cases included 35 of lumbar disc herniation,21 of spondylolysis,11 of degenerative spondylolisthesis and 10 of spinal canal stenosis.The clinical data and imaging results were investigated.[Results]Seventy-two patiens were followed up for 1 to 2 years while 5 were lost.During following-up,no loosened internal fixation,broken nail or stick,infravertebra prolapsed,or detachment recurrence was found.Preoperative the height of intervertebral space was 8.5?1.9 mm,10.9?1.8 mm at 2 weeks postoperatively and was 10.7?1.7 mm at last follow-up.The height of intervertebral space were significantly increased postoperatively with statistically significant difference(P

Objective To investigate the clinical value and relating problems in treating complex fractures of proximal humerus by using replacement of humeral head prosthesis. Methods There were 23 cases (10 males and 13 females, age range 43-76 years, mean 58.6 years) with complex fractures of proximal humerus. According to Neer classification, 4 cases had three-part fracture, 17 four-part fracture, 2 cleavage fracture of humeral head, 18 fresh fracture (within 2 weeks after injury) and 5 old fracture, which were all treated with replacement of humeral head prosthesis. Results Follow-up study for a mean period of 15.6 months was conducted in all the cases. No flexible prosthesis, prosthesis dislocation, infection, nerve damage or periprosthesis fractures occurred. According to scoring system modification for hemiarthroplasty (SSMH) of UCLA (Los.Angeles, California, USA), the average score was 26.3. Score was above 27 (excellent) in 3 cases and 24-27 (good) in 18 with an excellence rate of 91.3%, score was 18-24 (moderate) in 2 but no one had score less than 18. Average score was 9.5 in pain, 8.6 in function and 8.2 in muscle power and motion in 23 cases. Conclusions Replacement of humeral head prosthesis is a preferable method for treating the complex fractures of proximal humerus, with significant effect in relieving the pain in the shoulder joint posterior to trauma. It is key to a satisfactory curative effect to correctly select the indication, clearly master the local anatomy, grasp the operation technique and give early and reasonable postoperative rehabilitation treatment.

[Objective]To discus clinic value of fixation by vertebral pedicle screw system and vertebroplasty using injectable graft for thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures.[Method]Fifteen cases of thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures(7 cases with compress fractures,8 cases with burst fractures) were treated with fixation by vertebral pedicle screw system and vertebroplasty using injectable graft.[Result]The group was followed up for average 9.6 months,no case showed internal fixation device loosening or breaking,nor were chronic lumbar pain seen in this group.No case had lost the anterior height of body of spine.All injected grafts were Abs orbed within 3 months postoperatively.According to Frankels grading,there were 4 cases in Grades B,6 cases in Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D preoperatively,but 3 cases of Grade C,5 cases of Grade D and 4 cases of Grade E postoperatively in 12 cases with incomplete paraplegia,with a statistically significant difference(x~2 =21.000,P=0.000

AIM:To study the expression level of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) in synovial tissue of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and normal persons, and the effect of S100A4 on the angiogenesis induced by rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs).METHODS:The synovial tissue was taken from the knee joint of the RA patients (RA group) and the normal persons (control group).The protein expression of S100A4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the synovial tissue of the 2 groups was observed by immunohistochemistry.RAFLSs were isolated from synovial tissue of patients with active RA.ELISA was used to detect the effect of S100A4 on the secretion of VEGF by RAFLSs.The effect of S100A4 on the angiogenesis of HUVECs cultured with conditioned medium from RAFLSs was also detected.RESULTS:The protein of S100A4 and VEGF was highly expressed in the synovial tissues of RA group (P<0.05).rhS100A4 significantly stimulated the secretion of VEGF in RAFLSs in a time-and dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).Cultured with conditioned medium from RAFLSs, rhS100A4 significantly promoted HUVECs to form tube-like structures in vitro.CONCLUSION:S100A4 protein is highly expressed in synovial tissue of the knee joint in RA patients, and S100A4 stimulates synovial angiogenesis by promoting RAFLSs to generate VEGF, indicating that S100A4 may be used as a potential target for the treatment of RA.

Objective To investigate the role of osteopontin (OPN) in the pathogenesis ot cholesterol gallstone formation in bile.Methods The nucleation time of OPN in model bile and human gallbladder bile was studied by the nucleation time assay,the effect of OPN on cholesterol crystal growth in model bile was examined by the cholesterol crystal growth assay.The effect of OPN on vesicle was detected by the transmission electron microscopy in model bile and gallbladder bile; then the content of OPN and calcium were detected via the commercial kits in human bile.Results Osteopontin prolonged nucleation time in a dose dependent manner in model bile and human bile,and this effect was correlated with calcium.Compared with control group,the nucleation times were prolonged by 1.50and 1.93 times in lithogenic bile at the concentration of osteopontin 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml (P＜0.01),respectively. Nucleation time were prolonged by 1.17 and 1.33 times in normal bile (P＜0.01) and by 1.29 and 1.48 times in model bile (P＜0.01),respectively.The rate of cholesterol crystals growth was not influenced by calcium ions,but inhibited by osteopontin in a dose dependent manner in the model bile.Furthermore,the formation,aggregation and fusion of vesicles were delayed by osteopontin in bile samples as indicated by the transmission electron microscopy.The concentration of osteopontin [(0.53± 0.08) mg/ml vs. (0.65 ± 0.14) mg/ml,P＜0.05] and the calcium ions [ (0.71 ± 0.17) mmol/L vs. ( 0.84 ± 0.08 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ] were lower in lithogenic bile than in control.Conclusions Osteopontin can inhibit the cholesterol gallstone formation in model and human gallbladder bile as the anti nucleating factor.

Objective To investigate the role of osteopontin (OPN) in cholesterol gallstone formation.MethodsGallbladder bile was obtained from patients with cholelithiasis (n=36,the experimental group) and from donors of liver transplantation (n=19,the control group).OPN,calcium ion and lipid were analysed quantitively.The nucleating role of OPN in bile was evaluated using nucleating time (NT) approach.ResultsOPN inhibited cholesterol nucleation in a dose dependent manner.OPN (50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml) prolonged NT by 48.90％ (91.51％) and 17.07％ (32.93％) in lithogenic and control bile,respectively.OPN (100 μg/ml) also inhibited the nucleating effect induced by calcium ion.Furthermore,a combination of OPN (50 μg/ml) and calcium prolonged NT by 75.78％ and 33.96％ in lithogenic and control bile,respectively.A combination of OPN (100 μg/ml) and calcium prolonged NT by 125.9％ and 62.26％ in the 2 groups.The contents of osteopontin and calcium were significantly lower in lithogenic bile than control bile (P＜0.05).On the other hand,the cholesterol saturation index and the contents of cholesterol,phospholipid and bile acid were significantly higher (P＜0.05).ConclusionsOPN inhibited cholesterol gallstone formation.It may be involved in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis.

AIM: To determine whether the viartrils could provide a beneficial effect on the prevention of early/middle stage osteoarthritis(OA) and affect the proliferation of chondrocytes. METHODS: An OA model was produced with severing the anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee in 24 adult New Zealand rabbits. The animals were then randomly divided into viartrils group and control group. After surgical operation, viartrils (mainly contains glucosamine sulphate) 2 pills per day were administered to the animals in viartrils group. The animals were sacrificed and specimens were taken from the weight-bearing portion of the femoral condylar seven weeks after operation. Each case was evaluated according to a modified histological-histochemical grading system(HHGS) using HE and safranin O/fast green staining slides, and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the proliferation of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. RESULTS: The method of severing the anerior, posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee could successfully induce the early/middle stage model of OA. The pathological remark in control group was significantly higher than that in the viartrils group (P

Phagocytic capacities of both dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages(M?) in the DC-enriched fractions isolated from rat spleen were comparatively observed under electron microscope. Experiments were divided into two groups: in vitro and in vivo. In group 1, candida albicans(CA), cock red blood cells (CRBC) and CRBC opsonized with rat antiserum against CRBC (OCRBC) used as phagocytic markers were incubated with the DC-enriched fractions for 1h at 37℃ separately in vitro. In group 2, colloidal carbon (CC) (india ink) and heat killed Candida albicans (HKCA) were injected in vivo. The animals were sacrificed 18h later and DC-enriched fractions were isolated from the spleens. The results are as follow: generally, in the cytoplasm of DC, no phagocytic markers were identified except a few of DC ingested a small amount of CC in vivo and few CA occationally in vitro, while M? under the same conditions, ingested a lot of the substances mentioned above. It indicates that spleen M? phagocytose actively either to immunogenic or non-immunogenic, opsonized or non-opsonized particles (especially to opsonized particles), while DC in the same preparations are not.

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