ve To assess the effect of propofol on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the mechanism. Methods Sixty healthy rabbits of either sex, weighing 2.0-3.4 kg were randomly divided into three groups of twenty animals each: control group (C), propofol group (P) and etomidate group (E) . The rabbits were anesthetized with 3.0% pentobarbital 1.0 ml?kg-1 iv. Internal jugular artery was cannulated for continuous MAP monitoring and internal jugular vein was cannulated for intravenous fluid and drug administration. In group C normal saline was infused at a rate of 2 ml?kg? h-1; in group E etomidate 0.1 mg ? kg-1? h-1 and in group P propofol 20 mg? kg-1? h-1 was infused during the experiment until the end of surgery. Hepatic ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic hilum for 20 min and reperfusion was allowed for 30 min after release of the clamp before the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were taken from internal jugular artery before hepatic ischemia immediately, 15 and 30 min after I/ R for determination of AST, ALT and SOD concentration. Liver tissue 0.5g was taken from right lobe and kept in liquid nitrogen for determination of MDA content and left lobe of the liver was taken for electron microscopic examination. Results The serum levels of AST and ALT increased after reperfusion in all three groups, but were significantly lower in group P than in group C and E. The serum SOD level decreased in all three groups after reperfusion, but the decrease in SOD was significantly less in group P than in group C and E. The MDA content of liver increased in all three groups after reperfusion but the increase in MDA was significantly less in group P than in group C and E. Electron microscopic examination revealed that mitochondria swelled obviously, the ridge disappeared, ribosome was disarranged and endoplasmic reticulum was expanded and vacuolated in group C and E; while in group P mitochondria only slightly swelled, the ridge was seen clearly, the arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum was trim and there was no exfoliated ribosome. Conclusions Propofol has protective effect in liver I/R.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of stem cell marker adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter 2 (ABCG2) in the tissue and side population (SP) of a cell line A431 of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).MethodsSP cells were separated by flow cytometry from cultured A431 cells.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to evaluate the proliferative ability of,reverse transcription-PCR to determine the expression of ABCG2 in,SP and non-SP cells.Immunohistochemistry (MaxVision method) was carried out to detect the expression of ABCG2 protein in tissue specimens from 10 patients with SCC.ResultsSP cells existed in cultured A431 cells,and accounted for about 1.1％ of A431 cells.The SP cells had a stronger growth and colony-forming ability than non-SP cells did.The number of cell clones formed by SP cells and non-SP cells was 114.8 ± 4.95 and 44.5 ± 3.67,respectively,per well in a 24-well plate( t =27.92,P ＜ 0.01 ).The expression level of ABCG2 mRNA was significantly higher in SP cells than in non-SP cells(t =5.22,P＜ 0.01).There existed a small number of ABCG2 positive cells in SCC tissue,and ABCG2 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells.ConclusionsSP cells exist in A431 cells,which have characteristics of stem cells and highly express ABCG2.ABCG2 may be a potential stem cell surface marker of SCC.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Dizziness ; therapy ; Headache ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; therapy

Objective To elucidate the role of P38 signaling pathway on heat-induced apoptosis in monocytic cell line Raw264.7.Methods Raw cells were transfected with constitutively active mutant MKK6b(E)and dominant negative mutant P38(AF),or the empty cloning vector pcDNA3 and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis.Results The ectopic expression of P38 mutant was confirmed by immunostaining with the antibody against the Flag-epitope tag.Expression of MKK6b(E)led to a marked increase in P38 kinase activity in transfected cells and induced a 4-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells as compared to that in cultures of control transfected cells.Meanwhile the expression of MKK6b(E)increased the apoptotic rate of Raw cells induced by heat.In contrast,the dominant-negative mutant P38(AF)inhibited Raw cells apoptosis induced by heat.Conclusion The activation of the MKK6-P38 MAP kinase signaling pathway is required for heat-induced apoptosis in Raw264.7 cells.

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; pathology

Objective To observe the expression of SGK in decidua in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA) and to investigate its role in the course of apoptosis.Methods The expression of SGK was detected by immunohistochemistry in decidua of URSA(abortion group,n =50) and normal first trimester pregnant women(control group,n =30).The apoptotic index was detected by TUNEL.Results Compared with the control group,the positive expression of SGK decreased significantly in the abortion group,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =6.78,P ＜ 0.05).The average apoptotic index of the abortion group was (8.19 ± 3.58) ％,which was significantly higher than (2.87 ±1.07)％ of the control group(t =7.94,P＜0.05).Conclusion Intensive apoptosis,the decreasing positive expression rate of SGK in decidua cells may play critical roles in URSA.

Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics owing to their broad activity spectra and low toxicity. Many of these medically important compounds are made chemically from 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid. At present, this intermediate is made by synthetic ring-expansion of the inexpensive penicillin G to form G-7-ADCA, followed by enzymatic removal of the side chain to obtain 7-ADCA. The chemical synthetic process is expensive, complicated and environmentally unfriendly. Environmentally compatible enzymatic process is favorable compared with chemical synthesis. In our previous research, metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strain (H7/PG15) was constructed and used as whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of G-7-ADC with penicillin G as substrate. The whole-cell biocatalysis was studied by single factor experiment, including the composition of substrates and the conversion conditions (OD600, pH, concentration of penicillin G, MOPS, glucose, time and FeSO4). After optimization, 15 mmol/L of G-7-ADCA was obtained. The process is convenient, efficient and economic. This work would facilitate the industrial manufacturing and further product research.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; biosynthesis ; Biocatalysis ; Cephalosporins ; biosynthesis ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Metabolic Engineering

Objective:To investigate the association between the apolipoprotein A5(APOA5) -1131T/C polymorphism and premature coronary heart disease in northern Chinese Han population. Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), we analyzed the genotype and allele distribution in 140 patients with premature coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary angiography and 156 healthy controls. The levels of serum lipid profiles were also studied by biochemical methods. Results: The allele frequency of APOA5-1131T/C polymorphism in the premature coronary heart disease group was significantly higher (43.2% vs. 33.0%, P=0.011) than that in the control group. Compared with TT homozygotes, CC homozygotes exhibited a 2.809-fold (95% CI 1.331-5.927) increased risk of developing premature coronary heart disease. Logistic regression analysis found that this correlation was independent of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history as well as serum total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; In premature coronary heart disease group, the triglyceride(TG) level in CC homozygotes was significantly higher than those in TC heterozygotes or TT homozygotes. Conclusion: The APOA5-1131T/C polymorphism has influence on serum TG level, and the APOA5-1131C allele is associated with the development of premature coronary heart disease in northern Chinese Han population.

Objective To evaluae possible association between interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) gene exon 5 polymorphism and childhood asthma.Methods The study was conducted in two different groups: asthmatic children(n=55) and healthy children(n=35). The IL-1? gene exon 5 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). Results Frequencies of CC,CT and TT genotypes were 92.7%,7.3%,0, and frequencies of C,T allele were 96.4%,3.6% in asthmatic group. However, frequencies of CC,CA and AA genotypes were 85.7%,14.3%,0, and frequencies of C,T allele were 92.9% ,7.1% in healthy group. There were no significant difference in distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies between two groups.Conclusion IL-1? gene exon 5 polymorphism may not be associated with childhood asthma.

BackgroundThe study of the molecular mechanism of visual plasticity is helpful for the explaining and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia.The effect and significance of NogoA in the strabismus and amblyopia formation are attracting more attention.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the expression of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex in strabismic-induced amblyopia cats and explore the possible molecular mechanism of strabismic-induced amblyopia.MethodsSixteen 4-week old clean cats were randomizedly divided into normal group and strabismic-induced amblyopia group and eight for each group.The strabismic-induced amblyopia models were created by cutting off the external rectus in 8 cats.Pattern visual evoked potentials ( P-VEP ) were recorded 1 week after operation and compared with normal cats,and depression of amplitude and prolongation of implied time of P100 wave were as the successful criterion of model.The 200 ml paraformaldehyde was infused via heart to fax the brain under the deep anesthesia and then the cats were sacrificed and the brain cortex sections were prepared.The morphology of 21a zone of cat visual cortex was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expressions of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antiNogoA antibody.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe implied time and amplitude ratio of VEP P100 wave were (98.10±7.07)ms and (0.83±0.14) in normal group,and those in strabismic-induced amblyopia group were (108.50±6.95 )ms and (0.35 ±0.09 ),showing significant differences between two groups (t=4.450,P=0.005 ; t =5.970,P =0.005 ).The numbers of neurons were similar in 21a area of visual cortex between the two groups,but the volume of the neurons was lessen in strabismic-induced amblyopia group.The positive cell densities for NogoA were ( 387.37±2.01 ) cells/mm2,( 354.58± 1.85 ) cells/mm2 and ( 289.68± 1.81 ) cells/mm2 in layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V/V[ respectively in strabismic-induced amblyopia group,and those in normal group were ( 161.39± 1.98 ) cells/mm2,( 128.93 ± 1.26 ) cells/mm2 and ( 96.25 ± 1.49 ) cells/mm2,indicating a significant increase in model cats ( t =- 160.400,- 201.890,- 164.740,P =0.000 ).Conclusions NogoA may play an important role in the regulation of the sensitive developmental period of visual sense and its plasticity.