Background Primary iris stromal cysts is a rare clinical disease.In recent years,the pathological findings of primary iris stromal cysts are different from previous literature reports.It is very important to understand the pathological characteristics of primary iris stromal cysts for illuminating its pathogenesis and accurate treatment.Objective This study was to analyze the pathological types and clinical manifestations of primary iris stromal cysts.Methods Histopathological sections of 14 patients with primary iris stromal cysts from January 1979 to December 2012 in Tianjin Eye Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The primary iris stromal cysts were typed based on the hematoxylin-eosin staining,periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunochemistry, and the clinical chacteristics upon different types were evaluated.Results In 14 specimens of primary iris stromal cysts,squamous epithelial type was found in 9 specimens,lens epithelial type in 3 specimens and ciliary body epithelial type in 2 specimens.The primary iris stromal cysts of squamous epithelial type were constituted of non-cuticular stratified squamous epithelium cells,and sporadic goblet cells were found in some specimens.The primary iris stromal cysts of lens epithelial type were consisted of lens epithelium cells and lens capsular analogic tissue and the cysts were tightly adherent to the lens.Crystalline lens dysplasia were seen in 2 specimens.The primary iris stromal cysts of ciliary body epithelial type showed single or stratified ciliary body like epithelium cells.Iris-ciliary dysplasia or anterior chamber angle abnormality was displayed in 1 specimen in this type of cysts.Under the slit lamp microscope,superior-temporal clear cysts were often seen in the primary iris stromal cysts of squamous epithelial type, and translucent cysts or diffuse swelling cysts were exhibited in the lens epithelial type and might be accompanied with lens dysplasia and cataract.Diffuse swelling was found in the cysts of ciliary body epithelial type which were often associated with chamber dysplasia and infantile glaucoma.Conclusions Primary iris stromal cysts are pathologically classified into squamous epithelial type, lens epithelial type and ciliary body epithelial type and present with different clinical appearances.

Background Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a congenital eye disease of children,because its clinical manifestations are nonspecific,it is easy to be misdiagnosed as congenital cataract and the prognosis is poor.There has been more researches on PHPV clinical characteristics than its histopathological feature and immunochemistry.Objective This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of PHPV and the pathological characteristics of retrolental membranes secondary to PHPV.Methods The clinical data of 6 PHPV eyes from 6 patients during May 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the PHPV eyes received a combinating procedure of cataract extraction and anterior vitrectomy.The retrolental membranes were collected during surgery for the histopathological examination by hematoxylin & eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)staining.Immunochemistry was used to detect the expression of Vimentin,smooth muscle actin (SMA),S-100,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),neuron specific enolase (NSE),epithelial membrane antigen (EMA),CD34 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the retrolental membranes.Results Monocular PHPV was found in 6 cases since born,with the main clinical manifestation of similar to congenital cataract.The ocular axial was shorter in 5 PHPV eyes than that of the contralateral eye by A-sonography,and 1 eye accompanied by eye nystagmus,strabismus and small cornea.The retrolental membranes were seen during the surgery in all cases,and the white band through the vitreous in 2 eyes.Pathological examination showed that the retrolental membrane was mainly composed of loose or myxoid connective tissue fibers,the capillaries and small veins.PAS positive tissue,residual transparent artery and differentiated adipocytes were exhibited in some specimens.Immunohistochemistry indicated that spindle-shape cells in the retrolental membranes presented the characteristics of mesenchymal cells,and some cells appeared the myofibroblast characteristics with the low proliferation activity.The development of the lens and the ciliary body was abnormal because of the stretching of retrolental membranes into the lens capsule in 1 PHPV eye.The follow-up was performed for 6-9 years in 4 eyes,with the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for 0.06,light perception,0.05 and 0.07 respectively.The intraocular pressure was normal in all the eyes.Conclusions PHPV is usually misdiagnosed as congenital cataract and shows a poor postoperative BCVA.PHPV occurs mainly due to an incomplete regression of the embryonic vitreous and hyaloid vasculature and eventual abnormality of lens.

AIM To study mechanism of endothelin (ET) on canine pulmonary veins. METHODS The isometric tension of pulmonary venous strips was recorded. RESULTS ET 3 and IRL1640 produced contraction in pulmonary venous strips. ET 3 induced contraction was markedly suppressed by BQ123 (P

Objective To investigate the impact factors for temperature of cornea(TOC) and analyse the relationship between TOC and evaporative dry eye. Methods Two hundred and fifty-seven patients(405 eyes) with normal lacrimal secretion received dry eye tests.Patients were divided into positive group and negative group according to the results,and were randomly subdivided into 4 groups with different environment temperature(T) and relative humidity(RH).For all eyes,TOC,body surface temperature(TBS) of forehead and center corneal thickness(CCT) were measured right after blinking.The impact factors for TOC and the differences in TOC between positive group and negative group were analysed.Results TOC was positively correlated with TBS(r=0.89),T(r=0.75) and RH(r=0.60)(P

SUMMARY Diffusion spectrum imaging ( DSI) , a newly developed MRI technique, affords the capacity to map complex fiber architectures in tissues with sufficient angular resolution by imaging the spectra of tissue water diffusion. By contrast, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) , the currently widely used technique based on the 2nd order tensor model, obtains an approximation of the complex diffusion, and provides only one global maximal direction corresponding to the primary eigenvector for each voxel. As a generalized model-free diffusion imaging technique, firstly, DSI employs the probability density function to describe the diffusion process in each voxel; secondly, a sufficient dense signal sample derived from repeated applications of diffusion-weighed gradients ensures its capability to resolve the diffusion probability density function; thirdly, specific computer visualization techniques are used to extract the diffusion information and reconstruct the geometrical properties of tissue microstructure. The capacity to unravel complex tissue architecture, recent improvements in hardware and ongoing optimization of sequence design and algorithm enable a rapid growth of DSI for research use and future incorporation into clinical protocols. This paper introduces the basic principles of DSI and then compares the characteristics of DSI and DTI schemes. Finally, the typical applications of DSI to date are reviewed.

The growth-propagation and decolorization-degradation systems for the model dy e Biebrich Scarlet by Trametes hirsuta were established preliminar ily. It was showed that 30℃ and the static culture were better; the effects of compo nents in culture media on the efficiencies of decolorization and degradation wer e not significant; considering the convenience of observing the changes of dye c o lors and shortenig the culture period, the potato liquid medium had the advantag e of others as a preferable medium for reaction systems of Trametes hirsuta . The decolorization and degradation of all dyes Biebrich Scarlet and Direct Deep Blu e L-3RB, Reactive Blue X-BR, Basic Violet 5BN, and Methylene Blue by Tramete s hirsuta were better.

The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder characterized by inefficient haematopoiesis,dysplasia of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and unable production of mature cells with normal differentiation resulting in peripheral cytopenias.The incidence of MDS is increased with the increasing age,suggesting that the accumulation of genetic or epigenetic changes lead to DNA mutations in hematopoietic stem cell,activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes,increasing limitless self-proliferation,and eventually resulting in aberrant clonal hematopoiesis and the occurrence of MDS.About thirty percentage of patients with MDS will transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at last.MDS is always not sensitive to cytotoxic drugs,but targeted drugs maybe help to improve the prognosis.

Objective To observe the change of the sera lipid profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis B Virus (HBV)infec-tion.Methods Sera from 254 patients suffered from liver disease were collected and divided into four groups according to the severity of the disease (71 of Cirrhosis;80,46,51 of Light,Moderate and Highly severity of the chronic HBV infection, respectively).Sera of 59 healthy patients were collected as control.The concentrations of their sera lipids (CHOL and TG), lipoprotein (HDL and LDL)and apolipoproteins (ApoA-I and ApoB)were determined and compared.Results Compared to the control group,the levels of the CHOL,TG,HDL,LDL,ApoA-I and ApoB were varied in degree in the chronic HBV in-fection group and the cirrhosis group.For the highly severity group and the cirrhosis group,statistics analysis showed de-creased and significantly different lipid and apolipoprotein results when compared to the control group.For the light and moderate severity group,when compared to the control group,levels of TG,HDL and ApoA-I were decreased with remarka-ble difference.The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio of the chronic HBV infection (Highly severity group)was 2.10±1.44,which was significantly higher than that of any other group (P<0.05).Conclusion The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio can be a potential marker for the evaluation of the severity of the chronic HBV infection.

Objective To investigate the incidence and the drug-sensitivity results of mycoplasma infection in genital tract from the gynecological outpatients,in order to provide a laboratory evidence for clinical rational use of drug.Methods The drug sensitiv-ity kit was used for isolation and culture of mycoplasma,reproductive tract secretions samples of 1 067 cases of gynecological pa-tients were collected to do mycoplasma identification and drug sensitivity test.Results In 1 067 samples,the positive rate of myco-plasma were 659 samples,including ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)positive rate was 72.99%(481/659),mycoplasma hominis (Mh) positive rate was 3.79%(25/659),Uu and Mh positive rate accounted for 23.22%(1 53/659).The drug sensitivity results of 12 kinds of antimicrobial agents showed that single infection Uu was more sensitive to josamycin,doxycycline,minocycline,tetracy-cline,clarithromycin,azithromycin and roxithromycin.Single infection Mh was more sensitive to doxycycline,josamycin,minocycline and tetracycline.Mixed infection of Uu and Mh was more sensitive to josamycin,minocycline and doxycycline.Conclusion The main pathogen isolated from patients infected with plasma in our hospital is Uu,whether single Uu or Uu,Mh mixed infection,there are differences in the sensitivity of antimicrobial,clinicians should use drug rationally according to the conditions of patients and drug sensitivity results to reduce drug resistance rate.

Background Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is increasingly used for myopia.However,the size of the incision varied in different operators.The influence of 2 mm micro-incision SMILE on postoperative diopter and aberrations is not clear yet.Objective The aim of the current study was to perform a clinical analysis of the efficacy,safety,stability and predictability of 2 mm micro-incision SMILE and investigate the influence of preoperative sphere and cylinder power on postoperative aberrations.Methods A serial cases observational study was carried out under the approval of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and informed consent of each patient.Fifty-five eyes of 31 subjects with myopia and myopic astigmatism were enrolled in this study in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to April 2013 and a 2 mm micro-incision SMILE was performed on the eyes.Follow-up visits were performed at 1 week,1 month and 6 months after operation.Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),manifest and cycloplegic refraction were examined at each postoperative time points to evaluate the efficacy,safety,stability and predictability of 2 mm micro-incision SMILE.Wave-front aberrations were measured by WaveScan aberrometer.Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used for the comparison of the differences of aberrations before and after the surgery.And the differences between various follow-up visits were compared with LSD-t test.The relationship between preoperative sphere or cylinder power and aberrations postoperatively were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results At 1 week,1 month and 6 months postoperatively,the effective index was 1.2,and the safety indexes were 1.2,1.2 and 1.5 respectively.The spherical equivalent remained 0.00 D at each postoperative time point.And 96.4％ and 97.8％ of eyes were within ±0.5 D of intend correction and 100％ were within ± 1.0 D of the intend correction at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively.Vertical coma (Z7) and spherical aberration (Z12) were significantly raised at 1 week,1 month and 6 months after surgery compared with the values preoperatively (Z7:t =9.668,10.607,9.772,all at P ＜ 0.001 ;Z 12:t =-6.227,-6.923,-7.441,all at P＜0.001).The Zernike coefficients were relatively symmetrical between various time points postoperatively (all at P＞0.05).Third-order to sixth-order aberrations and higher order abberration (HOA) showed significant increase at various time points after the surgery compared with the values before surgery (all at P＜0.05),and no significant differences were seen between various follow-up visits (all at P＞0.05).Positive correlations were found between preoperative sphere and S3,S4 and HOA at 1 week,1 month and 6 months postoperatively (P＜0.05).Negative correlations were found between preoperative cylinder and S3,S4 and HOA at postoperatively various time points (all at P＜0.05).In addition,significant positive correlations were seen between Z7 and preoperative cylinder as well as between Z12 and sphere preoperatively,and negative correlations also were observed between Z7 and preoperative sphere as well as between Z12 and cylinder preoperatively at each follow-up visits(all at P＜0.05).Conclusions SMILE with 2 mm micro-incision is a safe,effective,stable and predictable procedure for myopic and myopic astigmatism eyes.The aberrations and Zernike terms remain stable after surgery until 6 months although these parameters present elevation to a certain extent.Preoperative SE and astigmatism power affect postoperative aberrations.