Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; virology

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Vaccination

With the low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) widely applied in screening for early-stage lung cancers recently, positive rates of Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO) are gradually increased. Many professional researchers believe GGO has a close relationship with the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, consequently, qualitative diagnosis and early treatment of GGO plays a signiifcant role in improving the diagnostic and survival rates of patients with early-stage lung cancer. Since relative imaging diagnosis, location methods and surgical approaches of GGO have been reported a lot by domestic and overseas researchers, our reviews would mainly focus on the diverse research progress of molecular biology of GGO in the past several years.

Objective:To explore the establishment of an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA),and elaborate the role of iNOS inhibitor in the smooth muscle apoptosis of abdominal aortio aneurysm in rats,to find a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of small drugs AAA.Methods:SD rats underwent intra-aortic elastase (25U/mL) perfusion to induce AAAs,the positive control group (30) and experiment group (30) use elastase perfusion while the negative control group(30) gives the saline perfusion.After operation the positive and negative control groups were treated with intraperitoneal injections of saline,experimental group injects the iNOS inhibitor Aminoguanidi hydrochloride;Postoperative second,7,and 14 days,The NO content in the serum and specimen of abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected by iNOS Immuno histochemistry and Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) to evaluate distribution of smooth muscle apoptosis in abdominal aortic aneurysm.Results:Underwent intra-aortic elastase perfusion to induce AAAs have a high-success-rate.Rate of AAA formation in positive control group 10％,60％,80％,respectively.The treatment group was 0％,10％,20％,and the negative control group was not formed.The treatment group and the negative control group were lower than the positive control group,there were significant differences.In the positive control group,NO content increased gradually from second days,7 days to reach the peak and maintained at a higher level,the treatment group serum NO content was lower than the other two groups,there was significant difference (P＜0.05),iNOS was strong expression in the positive control group,in the other two groups of mild expression.TUNEL results showed that a lot of apoptotic cells in the positive control group,after 7 days showed a significant increase trend,to observe the end (2 weeks) gradually increased.,The positive control group was higher than the negative control group and the negative control group,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion:iNOS inhibitors significantly decreased the content of NO in serum,reduced the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells,and inhibited the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm.To provide theoretical basis for clinical application of iNOS inhibitors in the treatment and control of AAA.

Apoptosis is an organized suicide program which is evolutionally conserved from yeast to mammals. Research on yeast apoptosis has made rapid progress, though it remained unrecognized until recent years. Initial observations show that yeast can be induced to undergo apoptosis and a number of conserved pro- and antiapoptotic proteins have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast has been validated as a model organism to investigate mechanisms of apoptosis. Recently, yeast has also been used as a model to study apoptosis-related disease, such as Huntington's disease and Parkinson′s disease. The feasibility, the advantages and the perspectives of yeast model for apoptosis research are reviewed.

As the actual clinical reflecting of transform Chinese medicine special curative effect, Chinese medicine preparation not only satisfies the need of hospital clinic, scientific research and teaching, but also plays an important role in deepening medical and health system reform, improving people's health level and contributing to the economic growth. However, some problems about administration and approval (tending to western medicine), contraction of the scale, lack of synchronization for clinic and scientific research, and the imbalance of regional development make Chinese medicine preparation move forwards slowly in contradiction. It has not only reduced the effectiveness of the Chinese medicine preparation in hospital clinic, but also brought bad effect on modernized development of Chinese medicine preparation. Research shows that main influencing factors of status quo of Chinese medicine preparation in medical institution include imperfect laws and regulations, high cost than income, and shortage of talents in preparation research. The analysis indicated that the necessary measures to break the contradiction, improve clinical effect of Chinese medicine, and promote the modernization development of Chinese drugs preparation were as follows: government and related departments should strengthen the supporting force in policy by adjusting the examination and approval policy, speeding up dispensing use, reforming pricing system, including into medicare reimbursement, integrating advantage resources and so on; medical institution should actively carry out research and development of traditional Chinese Medicine through drawing the traditional and modern essence, reserving professional talents, and developing characteristic preparation; companies cooperate with hospitals for complementary advantages, which can rapidly transform Chinese medicine preparation into clinical practice.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; methods ; trends ; China ; Drug Discovery ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends

There is time-honored history and culture of medicinal plant cultivation in China. In the present review, the medicinal plant cultivation history in china was summarized, its current situation and question were analyzed, and the prospects of medicinal plant cultivation research were pointed out, with the purpose of accelerating the growth of medicinal plant cultivation research.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; history ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Objective To explore the clinical significance of osteopontin (OPN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its pathogenic role in SLE by studying the correlation between OPN and clinical manifestations,laboratory parameters and disease activity.Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the level of OPN in serum of 68 SLE patients and 20 healthy controls.the clin-ical data and laboratory parameters were recorded.Results The positive rate of OPN was 79.41%in 68 SLEpatients and could not be detected in healthy controls.Compared with healthy controls.the positive rate and level of OPN in SLE patients was significantly higher(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in age.gender and disease duration between OPN positive and negative lupus patients(P＞0.05).The Drevalence of fever,hair loss,WBC decrease,liver damage,serum C4 decrease,proteinuria and anti-dsDNA antibody in OPN positive SLE were significantly higher than those of OPN negative SLE(P＜0.05).The positive rate of serum OPN in SLE patients was significantly higher than that of anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-Sm antibody (P＜0.01).The level of plasma OPN was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI)(r=0.292,P＜0.05).The positive rate and level of OPN in active SLE patients was significantly higher than that of inactive SLE patients(P＜O.05).Conclusion The level of plasma OPN has a close rela-tionship with the activity of SLE.It may serve as an active disease marker of SLE.

Objective A classification for hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation (PBLT) and its clinical significance.Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 248 patients who underwent liver transplantation from May 2000 to August 2006.The aims were to elucidate the causes and treatment of postoperative venous outflow obstruction.Results Venous outflow obstruction occurred in 38 patients after transplantation.Among those,2 (5.26％) had superior hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis,13 (34,21％) had the hepatic vein anastomosis twisted at an angle,7 (18.42％) had IVC stenosis at the posthepatic segment,and 16 (42.10％) had outflow obstruction at the hepatic veins.In these 38 patients,34 underwent PBLT,2 underwent APBLT,and 2 COLT.Most patients with hepatic venous outflow obstruction improved with surgical treatment and interventional therapy.Conclusions Hepatic vein outflow obstruction was associated with the technique of hepatic vein anastomosis,the type of cavocaval anastomosis and graft size mismatch between the donor and the recipient.Performing piggyback liver transplantation according to the classification of hepatic vein and appropriate treatments could improve the prognosis of venous outflow obstruction in clinical practice.

Objective To compare the inhibitory effect of fluoride-releasing resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant on enamel demineralization in vitro.Methods Thirty noncarious human third molars extracted were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each.Cavity was placed on buccal surfaces of the molars,then filled with fluoride-releasing resin sealant(ClinproTMsealant),glass ionomer sealant(Fuji Ⅸ GP)or non-fluoride-releasing resin sealant(Concise).After thermocycling for 300 cycles,the surface microhardness of sound enamel 1 mm away from sealant-filled cavities in each group was measured.Then after the treated molars were placed in an artificial demineralizing solution for a week,their surface microhardness was detected again.Results The mean reduction of surface microhardness was(87.30?23.84)HV for ClinproTM sealant group,(76.90?27.75)HV for Fuji Ⅸ GP group and(147.67?46.42)HV for Concise group.There was a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Both the fluoride-releasing resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant can effectively reduce the amount of enamel demineralization adjacent to the materials.Fluoride ion released from the sealants protects the adjacent enamel against in vitro demineralization to some extent.