With the low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) widely applied in screening for early-stage lung cancers recently, positive rates of Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO) are gradually increased. Many professional researchers believe GGO has a close relationship with the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, consequently, qualitative diagnosis and early treatment of GGO plays a signiifcant role in improving the diagnostic and survival rates of patients with early-stage lung cancer. Since relative imaging diagnosis, location methods and surgical approaches of GGO have been reported a lot by domestic and overseas researchers, our reviews would mainly focus on the diverse research progress of molecular biology of GGO in the past several years.

Objective:To explore the establishment of an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA),and elaborate the role of iNOS inhibitor in the smooth muscle apoptosis of abdominal aortio aneurysm in rats,to find a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of small drugs AAA.Methods:SD rats underwent intra-aortic elastase (25U/mL) perfusion to induce AAAs,the positive control group (30) and experiment group (30) use elastase perfusion while the negative control group(30) gives the saline perfusion.After operation the positive and negative control groups were treated with intraperitoneal injections of saline,experimental group injects the iNOS inhibitor Aminoguanidi hydrochloride;Postoperative second,7,and 14 days,The NO content in the serum and specimen of abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected by iNOS Immuno histochemistry and Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) to evaluate distribution of smooth muscle apoptosis in abdominal aortic aneurysm.Results:Underwent intra-aortic elastase perfusion to induce AAAs have a high-success-rate.Rate of AAA formation in positive control group 10％,60％,80％,respectively.The treatment group was 0％,10％,20％,and the negative control group was not formed.The treatment group and the negative control group were lower than the positive control group,there were significant differences.In the positive control group,NO content increased gradually from second days,7 days to reach the peak and maintained at a higher level,the treatment group serum NO content was lower than the other two groups,there was significant difference (P＜0.05),iNOS was strong expression in the positive control group,in the other two groups of mild expression.TUNEL results showed that a lot of apoptotic cells in the positive control group,after 7 days showed a significant increase trend,to observe the end (2 weeks) gradually increased.,The positive control group was higher than the negative control group and the negative control group,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion:iNOS inhibitors significantly decreased the content of NO in serum,reduced the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells,and inhibited the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm.To provide theoretical basis for clinical application of iNOS inhibitors in the treatment and control of AAA.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Vaccination

Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; virology

Apoptosis is an organized suicide program which is evolutionally conserved from yeast to mammals. Research on yeast apoptosis has made rapid progress, though it remained unrecognized until recent years. Initial observations show that yeast can be induced to undergo apoptosis and a number of conserved pro- and antiapoptotic proteins have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast has been validated as a model organism to investigate mechanisms of apoptosis. Recently, yeast has also been used as a model to study apoptosis-related disease, such as Huntington's disease and Parkinson′s disease. The feasibility, the advantages and the perspectives of yeast model for apoptosis research are reviewed.

Objective To investigate localization and co-existence of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)on the cochlear spiral modiolar artery(SMA) and its branches.Methods The SMA was dissected from the modiolus so that the entire length of the vessel and many of its branches could be observed. Immunohistochemical ABC method and confocal immunoflurescence technique were employed to localize each compound and to determine whether the TH and CGRP coexist in neurons of the SMA.Results Microscopic examination of whole vessel preparation revealed numerous TH and CGRP-positive neural networks innervating the SMA and its branches.The labeled nerve fibers showed distinct arborization ,varicosities and overlap,and were of different diameters. The overall distribution of neuronal labeling suggested a gradual decrease of innervation density from proximal (cochlear base)to more distal vessels, i.e., apical cochlear vessels and lateral radiating arterioles. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of double-labeled TH and CGRP neurons showed that a number of the TH-and CGRP-positive neurons were co-labeled. Thus, TH and CGRP partially co-exist within the neuronal innervation of SMA.Conclusion These findings support a hypothesis that specific neuropeptide and adrenergic neurons regulate cochlear blood flow.

Objective:To explore the expression of TLR4 on peripheral blood monocytes in uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy and the relation between TLR4 and diabetic nephropathy.Methods:RT-PCR analysis and flow cytometry were undertaken to measure the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein.The plasma concentration of MCP-1 was measured with ELISA.Results:The gene and protein expression of TLR4 on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy was significantly increased compared with that of the health control,and TLR4 expression was positively related with the the plasma concentration of MCP-1.Conclusion:TLR4 expression is upregulated on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy and the upregulation is related with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

12 months postoperatively,and excellent results were obtained in 16.0% of the patients((4/25)),good in 40.0%(10/25),and poor in 44.0%(11/25). Conclusions For patients with locally advanced breast cancer previously treated with downstaging neoadjuvant chemotherapy,breast-conserving therapy offers satisfactory results.Strict adherence to technique and use of postoperative irradiation and systemic therapy are crucial to breast-conserving therapy.

Objective To evaluate the application value of circulating tumor cell ( CTC ) in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule ( SPN ) . Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 134 patients with solitary pulmonary nodule in Shanghai Chest Hospital from September 2013 to January 2015, including 80 patients with malignant nodule and 54 with benign nodule.CTC levels of the above subjects were detected by ligand-targeted polymerase chain reaction ( LT-PCR ) assay, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) and cytokeratin 19 fragment ( CYFRA21-1 ) were detected by flow fluorescence assay.Results By Mann-Whitney U Test, the CTC levels of malignant SPN patients [11.06 (8.77-14.41)units/3 ml] were significantly higher than those of benign SPN patients [6.65(4.49 -7.84)units/3 ml] (Z=-6.217,P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis of SPN for CTC were 80%(64/80) and 85%(46/54) respectively.According to the diameter of SPN, the patients were divided into three groups to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTC in SPN with different size .For SPN with diameter less than 8 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 6/9 and 4/5 respectively .For SPN with diameter between 8 mm and 20 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 83%(35/42) and 85%(29/34).For SPN with diameter greater than 20 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 79%(23/29) and 13/15.Conclusion Comparing with the traditional tumor markers, CTC could provide more clinical value in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule .

Objective A classification for hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation (PBLT) and its clinical significance.Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 248 patients who underwent liver transplantation from May 2000 to August 2006.The aims were to elucidate the causes and treatment of postoperative venous outflow obstruction.Results Venous outflow obstruction occurred in 38 patients after transplantation.Among those,2 (5.26％) had superior hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis,13 (34,21％) had the hepatic vein anastomosis twisted at an angle,7 (18.42％) had IVC stenosis at the posthepatic segment,and 16 (42.10％) had outflow obstruction at the hepatic veins.In these 38 patients,34 underwent PBLT,2 underwent APBLT,and 2 COLT.Most patients with hepatic venous outflow obstruction improved with surgical treatment and interventional therapy.Conclusions Hepatic vein outflow obstruction was associated with the technique of hepatic vein anastomosis,the type of cavocaval anastomosis and graft size mismatch between the donor and the recipient.Performing piggyback liver transplantation according to the classification of hepatic vein and appropriate treatments could improve the prognosis of venous outflow obstruction in clinical practice.