OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application situation of anesthetic sedative agents in our hospital.METHODS:11945prescriptions of anesthetic sedative agents in inpatient department of our hospital during the period of2001～2003were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:There were5kinds of commonly used anesthetic sedative agents in3dosage types alto-gether;the anesthetic sedatives agents were mainly used in patients ranging from40～50years old;the drug use index(DUI)of all the kinds were all less than1,with the DUI of the majority at no more than0.5.CONCLUSION:Anesthetic sedative dosage for the treatment of cancer of late stage is lower than one needed,which suggests that sufficient dosage should be given to the cancer suffering patients by the physician.

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride at different concentrations on proliferation and apoptosis of primary rat ameloblast in vitro.Methods Ameloblasts were isolated from tooth germ of 4 days SD rat maxillomandibular molar and cultured in vitro.Cells were treated with NaF at 0.0 (control group),0.4,0.8,1.6,3.2 and 6.4 mmol/L for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Inverted microscope was used to observe cell morphology;immunochemistry method was used to identify ameloblasts;3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was applied to measure cell viability at each time point.The cells were treated with 1.6 mmol/L NaF for 24 and 48 h,or after 50 mol/L caspase pan-inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK pretreatment 1 h,1.6 mmol/L NaF treatment for 48 h.Cell apoptosis was then tested by flow cytometry.In addition,activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were assessed by Western blotting to explore potential involvement of caspase activation in NaF-induced apoptosis.All data analysis was performed using SigmaStat V 3.5 software.Results ①Primary rat ameloblasts were in polygonal shape at low density and appeared like paving stone at high density with obvious nucleus,showing typical morphological characteristics of cells with epithelial origin.②The results of immunochemistry assay indicated that the cultured cells were positive in cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and ameloblastin (AMBN) staining,in accordance with the immunocytochemical characteristics of ameloblasts.③The effects of NaF on ameloblast proliferation were in a dose-and time-dependent manner.For low dose NaF (0.4 and 0.8 mmol/L) groups,cells treated for 24 h had significantly higher cell proliferation rates than that of the control group (0.0 mmol/L,P ＜0.05),the proliferation indexes for 0.0,0.4 and 0.8 mmol/L groups were 1.00 ± 0.00,1.38 ± 0.11 and 1.29 ± 0.13,respectively;the same doses of NaF had no obvious influence on cell proliferation at 48 h (1.00 ± 0.00,1.16 ± 0.14 and 0.94 ± 0.07,P ＞ 0.05);cell proliferation indexes at 72 h were significantly lower than that of the control group (0.87 ± 0.03 and 0.80 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.05).Medium dose of NaF (1.6 mmol/L) did not cause obvious alterations in cell proliferation at 24 h (0.90 ± 0.08,P ＞ 0.05);while cell proliferation indexes at 48 and 72 h were obviously reduced than that of the control group (0.38 ± 0.03 and 0.26 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01).For high NaF concentration (3.2 and 6.4 mmo]/L) groups,cell proliferation indexes were significantly decreased at all time points compared with control cells,the rates for 3.2 mmol/L groups were 0.57 ± 0.14,0.08 ± 0.03 and 0.00 ± 0.00,respectively,and the rates for 6.4 mmol/L groups were 0.11 ± 0.04,0.00 ± 0.00 and 0.00 ± 0.00,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).④Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis.The results showed that treatment with 1.6 mmol/L NaF resulted in significantly increased apoptosis in ameloblasts at both 24 h [(5.80 ± 2.03)％] and 48 h [(17.45 ± 4.97)％] compared to the control group [(2.59 ± 0.95)％,P ＜ 0.05].In cells pre-treated with pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK,NaF-induced apoptosis was significantly lower than that of cells treated with only 1.6 mmol/L NaF [(9.43 ± 3.79)％ vs (18.26 ± 3.39)％,P ＜ 0.05].⑤Cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP was detected in ameloblasts treated with 1.6 mmol/L NaF for 48 h.Conclusion Overdose fluoride could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via activation of caspase cascade in primary cultured rat ameloblasts.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) transplantation into traumatic brain injury(TBI) rats by the external carotid artery on neurological function and learning and memory.MethodsTen adult SD rats were randomly divided into TBI group ( n =5 ) and BMSC transplantation group ( n=5).Feeney free falling method was used to establish TBI models.The experimental rats were administrated with BMSC via external carotid artery (ECA),while TBI rats were injected with sterile liquid medium of equal volume via right ECA.Neurological function were evaluated according to the modified neurological severity score (NSS) at 1,3,7,15 days.Morris water maze test was used to observe the animal capabilities of place navigation and space exploration at 15 days,then animals were sacrificed.Survival and migration of implanted BMSC in brains under fluorescence microscope. ResultAfter traumatic brain,varying degrees convulsions,paralysis,loss of balance function in rats were found.Compared with TBI group,BMSC transplantation decreased significantly NSS (P ＜0.01 ).BMSC transplantation significantly decreased on escape latency ( ( 20.48 ± 2.29 ) s ) than the TBI group ( ( 85.93 ± 47.48 ) s) (P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,BMSC group in the target quadrant dwell time ( ( 28.62 ± 1.72) ％ )and distance ( (29.05 ± 3.08 )％ ) as well as the number of passing the platform (8.00 ± 2.45 ) were significantly higher than the TBI group ( ( 19.37 ± 2.81 ) ％,(21.78 ± 3.06) ％,(2.00 ± 1.87) respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).Transplanted BMSC could survive and migrate around injury brain through Hochest mark immunofluorescence.ConclusionBMSC can survive and migrate around injury brain by transplantation of external carotid artery,which results in a significant neurological function improvement and learning and memory increase in rats with traumatic brain injury.

Mesenchymal stem cells have two main properties: self renewal and the ability to differentiate multiple lineage. Because MSCs exhibit low immunogenicity and demonstrate significant suppressive activity in cell cultures containing alloreactive T cells, they play an important role in transplantation immunology, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. This article focuses on the immunoregulatory feature of MSCs to immunoeffector cells, such as T cells, B cells, and NK cells. The role of MSC in transplantation immunoregulation, regulatory mechanism of MSC in cellular immunity (direct contact of cells with cells, apoptosis and immunoregulation of MSC on lymphocytes), immunoregulation of MSC on DC and NK cells were reviewed.
Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; immunology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology

Objective To establish the method of isolation,culture and identify biological characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord (hUCMSCs);and study their multiple differentiation potency.Methods Stem cells from human umbilical cord were cultured by enzyme Wharton jelly method in vitro.The surface markers were identified by flow cytometry.Multi-differentiation capacity was identified by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.ALP was detected with Calcium cobalt staining.The mineralized ability in vitro was measured with Alizarin red staining.Theadipocyte differen-tiation ability was measured with oil red-O staining.Results Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD73 (92.45%),CD90 (95.45%)and CD105 (96.45%)were highly expressed on these cells’surface,while CD34 (1.07%)were negative ex-pressed.Cells were cultured with induced-osteogenic medium after 3 weeks,ALP staining in the cytoplasm of black parti-cles,and a large amount of mineralized nodules within cells was observed after 4 weeks.Cells were cultured with induced-adi-pogenic medium after 2 weeks,the majority of these cells were round,oil red O staining of lipid droplets generated within cells was observed.Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord have the potential of multi-directional differentiation.These cells could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts,which laid the foundation for clinical stem cell therapy research source of seed cells.

Objective To determine the effect of reducing the value of mA or kV on the image quality and the radiation dose of the patients undergoing low-dose spiral CT for orthodontics.Methods Thirty patients were divided into three groups,each group has 10 patients.They were group 1(80 kV and 200 mA),group 2 (120 kV and 80 mA),group 3(120 kV and 200 mA)The volume CT dose index(CTDI)was recorded and the average dose-length produce(DLP)was calculated in three groups,respectively.Image quality of three groups were compared and scored by two radiologists,and the results were statistically analysed.Results The CTDI among three groups in diagnostic image quality.Conclusions Low-dose spiral CT for orthodontics,especially the low-kV scan,may decrease the radiation exposure and guarantee the image quality.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome and the acute toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with tomotherapy followed by the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody.Methods Between March 2008 and November 2009,34 newly diagnosed NPC patients were treated with helical tomotherapy combined with nimotuzumab or cetuximab.All the patients underwent tomotherapy at the dose of 70 Gy/33F for the gross tumor volume (pGTVns) and positive lymphnodes (GTVnd) ,and 60 Gy/33F for the high risk clinical target volume (PTV1),and 56 Gy/33 F for the low risk clinical target volume (PTV2),respectively.17 patients in group N were given weekly injection of 200 mg for 6-7 times and 17 patients in group C were given initial dosage 400 mg/m2 followed by subsequent weekly dosage of 250 mg/m2 for 6-7 times.Acute lesions were evaluated with the RTOG/EORTC criteria.Result The median follow-up time was 22 months.The effective rates (CR + PR) in 3,6 and 12 months were 14/17,12/17,12/17 in group N and 15/17,14/17,14/17 in group C.The 1 year survival rate was 15/17 in group Nand 17/17 in group C.Nimotuzumab had less acute mucositis reaction (u = 2.25,P < 0.05),weight loss(t=2.56,P=0.02) and rash (u=4.36,P＜0.01) compared with cetuximab.Conclusions Helical tomotherapy combined with nimotuzumab or cetuximab was effective and made no difference in the shortterm efficacy and 1 year survival rate for the patients with NPC.Nimotuzumab has less acute reaction than cetuximab.More studies should be done to prove long-term effects.

OBJECTIVETo measure passive tactile threshold of natural teeth in six orthogonal orientations, to analyze impact factors, and to guide the occlusal adjustment in a personalized manner.

METHODSThe passive tactile thresholds of 218 natural teeth from 20 healthy subjects were measured in six orthogonal orientations using a digital test system for tactile function of teeth. The subjects were composed of 10 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 25 years. The natural teeth were tested from central incisors to first molars in maxilla and mandible. The passive tactile thresholds of teeth were measured respectively in the four horizontal orientations of labial (buccal), lingual, mesial and distal, and the two axial orientations of apical and coronal. The multilevel modeling (MLM) was used to analyze impact factors.

RESULTSThe passive tactile thresholds of anterior teeth, premolars and molars were 16 (18), 38(57) and 105 (115) mN respectively. The difference between subjects was of statistical significance (P < 0.05). The three factors of tooth, gender and orthogonal orientation were disclosed to influence the passive tactile threshold of natural teeth (P < 0.01). The influence level of the factors was tooth > gender > orthogonal orientation.

CONCLUSIONSA force level of 10 mN could be detected by natural teeth. There was statistical difference in the passive tactile threshold between subjects. The passive tactile threshold was affected with tooth, gender and orthogonal orientation.

Adult ; Bicuspid ; Cuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Sex Factors ; Tooth ; physiology ; Tooth Crown ; Touch

OBJECTIVETo measure passive tactile threshold of implant-supported single crowns (ISSC) in six orthogonal orientations, to analyze impact factors, and to guide the occlusal adjustment in a personalized manner.

METHODSThe passive tactile thresholds of 24 implant-supported single crowns (5 maxillary anterior teeth, 7 maxillary posterior teeth and 12 mandibular posterior teeth) from 19 ISSC patients (8 men and 11 women, from 25 years old to 56 years old) were measured in six orthogonal orientations (four horizontal orientations of labial or buccal, lingual, mesial and distal, and two axial orientations of apical and coronal) using a digital test system for tactile function of teeth.SPSS 19.0 for windows was used to analyze impact factors, using double-sided test, with a significance level of 0.05. Paired-samples t test was used to test the difference between implant-supported single crowns and the controlled natural teeth, and between different time points. One-way ANOVA was used to test the difference between different orientations, maxilla-mandibular anterior-posterior, and men-women.

RESULTSThe passive tactile thresholds of ISSC and control teeth were (1282 ± 709) and (40 ± 40) mN respectively. The difference was of statistical significance (P < 0.001). The passive tactile thresholds of buccal-lingual, mesial-distal and axial of ISSC were (1334 ± 696), (1102 ± 605) and (1412 ± 791) mN respectively, of which, the difference between mesial-distal and axial was of statistical significance (P < 0.05). The passive tactile thresholds of ISSC of maxillary anterior teeth, posterior teeth and mandibular posterior teeth were (1003 ± 616), (1302 ± 620) and (1386 ± 769) mN respectively, of which, the difference between maxillary anterior teeth and posterior teeth was of statistical significance (P < 0.05). The passive tactile thresholds of ISSC of men and women were (1751 ± 784) and (946 ± 393) mN respectively, the difference was of statistical significance (P < 0.001). The passive tactile thresholds of ISSC of one-week and one-month after wearing the teeth were (1421 ± 826) and (1411 ± 814) mN respectively, the difference was of no statistical significance (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe passive tactile threshold of ISSC was more than 65 times as much as that of the natural teeth. There was statistical significance between different orientations, between maxillary anterior and posterior teeth, and between men and women. No statistical significance was found between maxillary and madibular posterior teeth and between one-week and one-month after wearing the teeth.

Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Bicuspid ; physiology ; Crowns ; Cuspid ; physiology ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; physiology ; Male ; Mandible ; physiology ; Maxilla ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; physiology ; Sensory Thresholds ; Sex Factors ; Tooth ; physiology ; Touch ; physiology

Objective To observe the effects of different modes treadmill training on cognitive func-tion and transforming growth factor β1 ( TGF-β1 ) expression in cerebral cortex of rats. Methods Two months old rats were divided into the control group,piecewise training group and intermittent training group ( n=10 in each group) . The training was performed five times a week for 6 weeks. Learning and memory a-bility of all rats was detected by water maze at 6 weeks after the training. TGF-β1 expression and localization in cerebral cortex was tested by QRT-PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results The platform time in piecewise group ((30±28) s) and intermittent group ((25±23)s) was both significantly shorter than that in control group ((58±50)s). In the space exploration,the time around Ⅳ quadrant platform in piecewise group((23.6±3.9)s) and intermittent group ((24.3±8.9)s) was significantly higher than that in the control group((17.7±2.0)s). The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in cerebral cortex in intermittent group (0.0067±0.0043)was obviously higher than that in piecewise group (0.0035±0.0006) and control group (0.0041±0.001). TGF-β1 was located in cell membrane and cytoplasm,and the relative optical density of intermittent group (0.0045±0.0017) was significantly higher than that of control group (0.0019±0.0004) and staging group (0.00175±0.00045). Conclusion (1)Learning and memory function both were im-proved after treadmill six weeks with piecewise and intermittent training models. ( 2) The level of TGF-β1 gene and protein was significantly increased after interval training in cortex of rats.