Objective To optimize the formulation of controlled-onset extended-release tablets of nicorandilby central composite design-response surface method. Methods The tablets containing nicorandil were prepared bydry-compression coating technique.The influence factors included the amount of HPMC, the amount of EC, and the ratio of lactose/MCC in coating film. The evaluation parameter was Q4 h and Q5 h . The possibly optimal formulation was predicted by response surface method. Results The OD was simulated using second-order polynomial equation and the r2was 0.970 1.Optimal prescription was as follows:HPMC 89.96 mg, EC 46.21 mg, Lactose/MCC 1.87.Bias between the observed and predicted values of the OD was within 0.43%. Conclusion The controlled-onset extended-release tablets of nicorandil can release drug quickly in vitro at the predetermined time.Central composite design-response surface method can be used to optimize the formulation and the model developed in this study was proved highly predictable.

Objective To explore the absorption properties and kinetics of nicorandil from small intestinal segments. Methods The absorption kinetics and permeability of nicorandil under different conditions were investigated by HPLC via the in situ perfusing method in rats. Results There was no significant difference in Ka of nicorandil under different concentrations and different pH.The absorption rate in rats descended in order of jejunum,duodenum,ileum and colon, as (4.69±0.05)×10-2 ,(3.35 ±0.04) × 10-2 ,(2.66± 0.05) × 10-2 and (0.89± 0.08) × 10-2 .h-1 . Conclusion The absorption of nicorandil in intestine complies with the passive transport mechanism and first order kinetics.Nicorandil is well absorbed in the whole intestine and can be prepared as delayed release and controlled release forms.

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic efficacies and adverse reactions of micro-invasive thread embedding with two types of materials in treating chronic facial paralysis.MethodTotally 186 patients with chronic facial paralysis were randomized into a catgut group and a PDS group, 93 cases in each group. For the two groups, Cuanzhu (BL2), Yuyao (EX-HN4), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Dicang (ST4), Jiache (ST6), Quanliao (SI18), Yingxiang (LI20), Qianzheng (Extra), Xiaguan (ST7), Fengchi(GB20), and bilateral Hegu (LI4) and Zusanli (ST36) were selected. The thread embedding treatment was given once every 10 d, 3 timesas a treatment course, successively for 2 courses. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions were analyzed after 2 treatment courses. ResultThe Sunnybrook Facial Grading System scores were significantly increased after intervention in the two groups (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in comparing the therapeutic efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in comparing the adverse reactions including tenderness, nodules, and swelling right after thread embedding between the two types of materials (P>0.05); 10 d after thread embedding, the adverse reactions happened inthe catgut group were significantly more than that in the PDS group (P<0.05); 30 d after thread embedding treatment, the tenderness occurred more frequently in the catgut group compared to that in the PDS group; although the occurred frequency of nodules and swelling was comparatively low, the total frequency in the catgut group was significantly higher than that in the PDS group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in comparing the adverse reactions between the two groups 60 d after treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion Acupoint thread embedding with PDS can help recover facial nerve function in chronic facial paralysis; as a thread embedding material, PDS thread produces a lower occurrence rate of adverse reactions, and thus it’s a kind excellent thread embedding material.

[Summary] The basic data and serum targets of 3 349 residents were collected by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling and analyzed by correlation and regression analysis to access its association with cardiovascular risk factors. The result showed that morbidity of hyperuricemia was 18. 85% . The risk of hyperuricemia was raised in people with high triglycerides, high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), and low estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR). The people with hyperuricemia are usually accompanied with many cardiovascular risk factors.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical therapeutic effects on intractable facial paralysis among acupuncture, acupoint catgut embedding and PDS embedding.

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-nine patients of intractable facial paralysis were randomized into an acupuncture group, a catgut embedding group and a PDS embedding group, 93 cases in each one. Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Xuanlu (GB 5), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Quanliao (SI 18), Qianzheng (Extra), Xiaguan (ST 7) and Fengchi (GB 20) on the affected side and bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected in the three groups. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to those acupoints, once every two days; 10 treatments made one session; the successive three sessions were required. In the catgut embedding group and the PDS embedding group, catgut and PDS were embedded separately, once every 10 days; 3 treatments made one session and the successive two sessions were required. The therapeutic cycle was 2 months in the three groups. The therapeutic results were analyzed statistically 2 months later. The scores of Sunnybrook facial nerve grading system and the facial nerve electroneurography (ENoG) were used for the efficacy assessment before and after treatment in the three groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the score of Sunnybrook facial nerve grading system was improved apparently after treatment as compared with that before treatment in any of the three groups (all P < 0.05). The score in either of the embedding groups was better than that in the acupuncture group (both P < 0.05). The difference was not significant between the catgut embedding group and the PDS embedding group (P > 0.05). After treatment, ENoG wave ampli tude values in the frontal muscle and orbicularisoris muscle on the affected side were improved as compared with those before treatment in the three groups (all P < 0.05). Those in the catgut embedding group and the PDS embedding group were better than those in the acupuncture group (all P < 0.05), and had no significant difference as compared with those on the healthy side (P > 0.05). In the acupuncture group, ENoG wave amplitudes on the affected side were lower than those on the healthy side (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture, catgut embedding and PDS embedding at acupoints all achieve the therapeutic effects on intractable facial paralysis. However, the acupoint embedding therapy presents more advantages on the recovery of facial nerve function. The efficacy is similar between the catgut embedding and the PDS embedding.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective　To study the similarities and differences on in vitro replication and expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) between human fetal hepatocytes (HFH) and 7721 cell line. Methods　Human fetal hepatocytes and a hepatoma cell line 7721 were incubated with a serum from hepatitis C patient. After incubation, the presence of HCV RNA, the expression of HCV NS3 antigens in cells and/or supernatant were examined by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results　It was found that: ①The intracellular HCV RNA was first detected on d 2～3 post-incubation and then could be intermittently detected in cells and/or supernatant subsequently (HCV RNA could be detected in 7721 cells during a period of at least 66 days. In HFH, HCV RNA could be detected up to 25 days after incubation); ②HCV-NS3 antigen could be expressed in infected cells; ③Minus-strand RNA of HCV was mainly located within cytoplasm by in situ hybridization. Conclusion　The results suggest that both the fetal hpatocytes and the hepatoma cell line 7721 are susceptible to HCV, and especially 7721 cell line can stably support HCV replication in vitro and may be used as the target cell for long-term cultures of HCV.

Objective To construct the human osteoblast-like cell model with estrogen receptor α(ERα)subunit gene knocked down. Methods According to the computer-aided design(CAD),ERα-specific small interference RNA(siRNA)gene was synthesized and cloned into the expression vector pSilencer 4.1-CMV. The recombinant ERα siRNA plasmid was transfected into human osteoblast-like cell line MG63 by lipofectin,the cloned MG63 ceils were selected by hygromycin,and the cloned MG63 cell was cultured more than 20 passages after transfection.The expression of ERα mRNA in MG63 cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression and location of ERα protein were identified by immunocytochemistry.Compared with control groups,proliferation rate,growth cycle and expression did not show significant difference.Results The recombinant eukaryote plasmid vector was constructed.Furthermore,the recombinant plasmid knocked down ERα protein in human osteoblast-like cells. Conclusions The human osteoblast-like cell model with RNAi-knocked down ERα gene is constructed successfully.This model appears to be very useful for the future research on ERα biological characters and on molecular mechanism of bone metabolism.

Objective To study and estimate the effective dose of interventional employees in the common cerebralvascular, cardiovascular and liver interventional diagnosis and treatment.Methods The absorbed doses of tissue or organ of anthropomorphic phantom in these three procedures were estimated by the anthropomorphic phantom experiment.The effective doses were calculated by the tissue weight factor which was given by International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 103.Results The effective doses to high, medium and low group were 24.0, 9.7,6.8 μSv for cerebralvascular interventional diagnosis and treatment, and 36.3, 29.3, 17.8 μSv for cardiovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment, and 23.9, 11.3, 5.5 μ Sv for liver interventional diagnosis and treatment, respectively.Conclusions The effective doses of high, medium and low group of interventional employees in cardiovascular interventional procedure are higher than those of cerebralvascular and liver interventional procedures.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia for different lengths of time on cerebral edema and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) so as to explore possible mechanism for better application of mild hypothermia.Methods ICH models were made in rats by stereotaxically injecting autologous artery blood into right caudate nucleus.Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 5 groups (n =8 each):sham-operated (sham),normothermic (NT),hypothermic-1 hour (MH1),hypothermic-2 hours (MH2),hypothermic-4 hours (MH3).Normothermic and sham-operated animals were kept at (37.0-± 0.2) ℃ of body temperature.Animals in the hypothermic groups received immediately and rapid cooling after ICH and kept at (33.0 ± 0.5) ℃ of body temperature for 1,2 and 4 hours respectively.Rats were sacrificed at 48 hours after cerebral hemorrhage.Then brain water content and BBB permeability were determined.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.Results The content of brain water,Evans blue concentration in brain,and the mRNA expression and protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were noticeably higher in NT group than those in sham group (P ＜0.01).There were statistically significant difference in the expression of HIF-lα mRNA and protein but little difference in other indicators between MH1 group and NT group.Compared with NT group,MH2 group and MH3 group brought about an improvement in BBB permeability and remarkable down-regulation of protein levels and expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA,whereas there were no statistically significant difference in expression of indicators between the two groups.Conclusions Mild therapeutic hypothermia induced rapidly and immediately after ICH could limit the development of brain edema in rats by down-regulating expression and protein levels of HIF-1 α mRNA,and in turn suppressing the evaluation of VEGF mRNA and protein expression.The brain edema was effectively reduced in animals treated with hypothermia for 2 hours' or 4 hours ' duration with little difference in magnitude of reduction in brain edema between these two modalities of hypothermia.

Objective To observe the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) at different stages of tooth germ development,and explore its mechanism and significance.Methods Immunohistochemical technique was used to examine the expressions of bFGF in the tooth germs at different stages of human fetus in 8-34 weeks,the suckling mice with 1-22 d,and the dog postnatal in 6 weeks-5 months.Results bFGF expressed in tooth germ at all stages.In human fetus,the positive reaction was observed in epithelium of tooth bud,dental plate,enamel organ,external and outer enamel.The ameloblasts,odontoblasts,epithelial root sheath and dental follicle showed strongly positive reaction in the unerupted human deciduous tooth,the tooth under the eruption of neonate external enamel,stratum intermedium cells,ameloblasts and odontoblasts showed strongly positive epithelium,dental papilla and dental follicle at bud stage and cap stage,while at bell stage cells in mice and 6 week postnatal canal tooth.The positive expressions of bFGF were observed in root of tooth,peridental ligament and the osteoblasts adjoin to peridental ligament in the dog succession of decideous teeth.Conclusion bFGF is one of critical regulator in the tooth development,which can regulate the differentiation and morphogenesis of tooth germ cells and control the eruption and succession of deciduous teeth at different stages.