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Objective To discuss the effects and mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)on learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer's disease(AD)mice.Methods The animal models of AD were induced by aluminium trichloride(AlCl3)intragasticly for forty days.Then,TMP was intragastricly administered for twenty days.The escape latency of the mice in water maze test was recorded;and AChE and SOD activities and MDA levels in the brain were detected by chemical eoiorimetrie method.The expressions of At3 and NF-κB in the cerebral cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry method.Results 1)TMP has markedly decreased escape latency in AlCl3 induced AD mice(P＜0.05).2)In the brain of AlCl3 induced AD mice,TMP reduced AChE activity 19%[(1.37±0.13)U·mgpro-1vs(1.69±0.27)U·mgprot-1,P=0.016],decreased MDA levels 34% [(43.63 4-13.27)nmol·mgprot-1 vs(28.59±8.52)nmol·mgprot-1,P=0.023]and increased SODD activity 39%[(55.81±10.25)U·mgprot-1 vs(40.04±13.06)U·mgprot-1,P=0.026],respectively.These resuits showed significant difference with model mice group(P＜0.05).3)TMP also decreased AB and NF-κB expressions in the cerebral cortex of AD mice models(P＜0.05).Conclusion In AlCl3 induced AD mice,TMP can remarkably enhance the learning and memory abilities,presumably in relation to raise the activity of SOD,reduce the activity of AChE,the levels of MDA and the expressions of AB and NF-κB in the brain.

Aim ToinvestigatetheeffectsofmiRNA-181 a on breast cancer resistance protein ( BCRP ) . Methods Bioinformaticspredictedbindingsitesof BCRP mRNA-3ˊUTR region and miR-181 a;further lu-ciferase reporter gene analysis confirmed that miR-181 a could combine with BCRP mRNA-3ˊUTR; qRT-PCR and Western blot detected related mRNA and protein expressionlevels.Results Comparedwithnegative transfection group, after the miR-181a mimic and PGL3-BCRP 3ˊUTR were co-transfected, luciferase ac-tivity was significantly decreased ( P <0 . 05 ) . After miR-181a mimic transfected MCF7/MX cells for 48h, compared to the negative group, the expression of miR-181 a in MCF-7/MX cells was increased ( P<0. 05 ) , BCRP mRNA, BCRP protein expression were signifi-cantly decreased ( P<0 . 05 ) , while mRNA expression and protein levels of MRP, P-gp, LRP did not change significantly ( P >0. 05 ); after transfecting miR-181 a inhibitor for 48h, compared to the negative group, the expression of miR-181 a in MCF-7 cells was reduced (P<0. 05). Meanwhile,BCRP mRNA expression and BCRP protein expression were also significantly in-creased ( P<0. 05 ) . The mRNA expression and pro-tein levels of MRP, P-gp, LRP did not change signifi-cantly(P>0.05).Conclusion miR-181acanregu-late BCRP expression by targeting the BCRP mRNA-3ˊUTR region.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the differences in the contents of water-soluble total protein,total phenolic acid and total polysaccharides among the water decoctions of crude Cibotium barometz and processed products and to illuminate the effect of pro-cessing on 3 kinds of components of C. barometz. METHODS:UV-visible spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the con-tents of water-soluble total protein,total phenolic acid and total polysaccharides in the water decoction of crude C. barometz and 4 processed products,namely sand-scorch C. barometz,yellow wine C. barometz,salt C. barometz and steamed C. barometz,at wavelengths of 590,760 and 489 nm respectively. RESULTS:The contents of water-soluble total protein in 5 samples were 4.03%,3.32%,3.13%,3.33% and 3.49%,those of total phenolic acid therein were 0.25%,1.34%,1.38%,2.34% and 1.41%,and those of total polysaccharides therein were 28.56%,36.06%,45.21%,49.60% and 49.01%,respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:All above processing methods have an effect to some degree on the contents of the 3 kinds of components of C. barometz, where the contents of water-soluble total protein are lower after processing,while those of total phenolic acid and total polysaccha-rides are higher thereafter.

Objective To study the effect of high frequency stimulation (HFS) in pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) on the neuronal activities of globus pallidus internus (Gpi) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) model rats, and the mechanisms there-of. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, control group (n=30) and PD model group (n=40). PD rat model was established by the injection of 6-OHDA into substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) on the right side of the brain with stereotactic technique. Electrophysiological recordings were made in anaesthetized rats to investigate the ef-fects of HFS-PPN on the firing rate of the GPi neurons. Brain microdialysis combined with high-performance liquid chroma-tography was applied to detect glutamate (Glu) andγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in GPi. Results HFS-PPN caused an excitatory reaction of the majority of neurons recorded in the GPi in PD model group and control group. The mean firing rate of GPi excited neurons was significantly increased (P﹤0.01). The levels of Glu were reduced under HFS-PPN and the levels of GABA were not affected (P>0.05).Conclusion HFS-PPN heightened the electrical activity of GPi neurons and re-duced the level of Glu. These excitatory effects were probably realized by PPN-GPi direct path or other indirect path.

Objective To evaluate the length of hospital stay and the incidences of complications after omentoplasty with non-omentoplasty for the patients with esophageal cancer.Methods The databases including Pubmed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang data were searched for collecting randomized controlled trials on the omentoplasty.According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria,the datas were extracted.Two reviewers independently screened literatures and assessed the qualities of the included studies and extracted data.Meta-analysis was performed by using of RevMan 5.2 software.Results A total of 6 RCTs including 2 167 patients from 206 original articles were included in this analysis.In terms of the anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy and the hospital stays,the incidence of anastomotic leakage (OR =0.19,95％ CI:0.09 ～ 0.39,Z =4.55,P ＜ 0.000 01) and hospital stays (MD =-1.91,95％ CI:-2.26--1.57,Z =10.87,P ＜ 0.000 01) with omentoplasty was significantly lower than those of the non-omentoplasty,with significant differences.However,in terms of anastomotic stricture (OR =0.76,95％ CI:0.29-2.01,Z=0.55,P=0.58) and mortality rate (OR =0.72,95％ CI:0.24-2.21,Z=0.57,P=0.57),there wrer no significant differences.Conclusion Comparing with non-omentoplasty,the use of omentoplasty has beneficial effects for the postoperative complication such as anastomotic leakage and hospital stays,and does not increase the incidence of anastomotic stricture and mortality rate.

Objective To investigate 4 variants single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein(ALOX5AP) in lipoxygenase pathway and in cytochrome P450 pathway as susceptibility genes for stroke in a southeastern Chinese population,and evaluate the associations between susceptibility genes and cerebral infarction,to find whether gene-gene interactions increase the risk of cerebral infarction.Methods By case-control study,two hundred and ninety-two patients with cerebral infarction and 259 healthy control subjects were included.Eight variants in 5 candidate genes were examined for stroke risk,including the SG13S32 (rs9551963),SG13S42 (rs4769060),SG13S89 (rs4769874),and SG13Sl14 (rs10507391) variants of the ALOX5AP gene,the G860A (rs751141) variant of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) gene,the A1075C (rs1057910) variant of the CYP2C9 *2 gene,the C430T (rs1799853) variant of the CYP2C9* 3 gene,and the A6986G (rs776746) variant of the CYP3A5 gene.Gene-gene interactions were explored using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR)methods.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes of the 8 candidate genes.The GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction between SG13S114 and A6986G,with scores of 10 for cross-validation consistency and 9 for the sign test (P =0.011).These genegene interactions predicted a significantly higher risk of cerebral infarction (adjusted for age,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus;OR =1.804,95％ CI 1.180-2.759,P =0.006).Conclusions A two-loci gene interaction confers significantly higher risk for cerebral infarction.The combinational analysis used in this study may be helpful in the elucidation of genetic risk factors for common and complex diseases.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of Ezrin and β?catenin in breast cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical staining method was adopted to detect Ezrin and β?catenin protein expression level in 145 cases of breast cancer tissues,and their correlation with clinical data and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed. Results Ezrin was expressed in 70 cases(48.3%),β?catenin was expressed in 82 cases (56.6%),and there was significantly negative correlation(r=0.267,P=0.001). The higher histologic grade of breast cancer,the higher expres?sion level of Ezrin(P=0.007),and the lower expression level of β?catenin(P<0.001). Ezrin expression level was increased significantly(P=0.027),but β?catenin expression level was reduced significantly(P=0.011)in lymph node positive breast cancer tissue. Ezrin expression was sig?nificantly correlated with shorter overall survival(P=0.004)and disease free survival(P=0.017)of breast cancer patients,but β?catenin expres?sion was significantly correlated with longer overall survival(P<0.001)and disease free survival(P=0.001)of breast cancer patients. However , Ezrin and β?catenin were not the independent risk factors of breast cancer patients as determined by multivariate Cox regression. Conclusion Ez?rin was significantly negative correlated with β?catenin in breast cancer. They play a role in the progression and poor prognosis of breast cancer , which can be used as breast cancer treatment targets.

Objective　To observe the therapeutic effect of combination of penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lenses implantation.Methods　Penetrating keratoplasty was performed simultaneously with cataract extraction and intraocular lenses implantation on 134 cases. Results　One hundred and twenty cases were recorded after following up for 0.5～12 years. Ninety-nine cases (82.5%)of the corneas remained clear. Twenty-one cases (17.5%)of the corneas failed.Ninety-two cases (76.7%)achieved a better visual acuity postoperatively.Eighty-nine eyes(74.2%)were not blind any longer. Conclusion　The combination of penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lenses implantation offers advantages of rapid and better rehabilitation of visual acuity with low complication rate.

BACKGROUND: Subsequent to liver transplantation, pulmonary infection and new drug resistant strain frequently appear due to complex pathophysiological changes and abuse of antibiotics.OBJECTIVE: To collect the clinical data of 6 cases who underwent liver transplantation, and analyze the prevention and treatment measures of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Retrospective case analysis, performed in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,First People's Hospital of Guangzhou between January and December 2004.PARTICIPANTS: Six cases that underwent liver transplantation and received treatment in the First People's Hospital of Guangzhou were recruited in the present study. All 6 cases underwent selective homologous whole liver transplantation, 5cases underwent modified orthotopic piggyback liver transplantation, and only 1 underwent classical orthotopic liver transplantation.METHODS: The clinical data of the 6 cases were retrospectively analyzed. After transplantation, basic disinfection,isolation, infection-protection measures should be taken. In addition, etiological information was collected. Chest X-ray was underwent to know the lung at the early stage. Aseptic manipulating was strictly performed during sputum aspiration.Gastrointestinal decompression and non-obstructed drainage were maintained to prevent aspiration. Moreover, preventive anti-infective treatment against the bacteria, fungi, and viruses was performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pulmonary infection and curative effects subsequent to liver transplantation.RESULTS: Of the 6 cases, 5 presented with pulmonary infection, including 1 at 4-11 days after transplantation and 1 at 1day after transplantation. One case died of respiratory failure. The remaining 5 cases were cured after standardized anti-infection, respiratory therapy, sputum aspiration, and nutritional support.CONCLUSION: Application of effective antibiotics, aseptic operation in sputum aspiration, and unobstructed respiratory tract drainage are important measures for treating pulmonary infection subsequent to liver transplantation.