This paper specifies the programming thought and method for implementing JPEG2000 compression algorithm in medical image in DICOM format. Some VC++ codes and particular comments of key functions are also presented. This paper has reference to other researchers in this field.

Chromium ; toxicity ; DNA Methylation ; drug effects ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

Objective To construct five types of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) carrying genes encoding antigen 85A (Ag85A), early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) or IL-2 and to investigate the immunogenicity of these recombinant MVA in mice. Methods The genes encoding Ag85A and ESAT-6 were amplified by PCR from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genomic DNA. The am-plified DNA fragments were sub-cloned into vector p18. The recombinant plasmids were introduced respec-tively into MVA by homologous recombination. The five types of recombinant MVA clone were selected in the MPA selection medium and their expressions of TB antigens were confirmed by Western blot. The recombi-nant MVA were used to immunize BALB/c mice. Ag85A-ESAT-6 fusion protein induced proliferation of spleno-lymphecytes from immunized mice was detected by MTT test. The concentration of IFN-γ in superna-tant of spleno-lymphocytes cultures was also analyzed by ELISA. The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to tuberculosis antigens was measured after injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in hind footpads of immunized mice. Results The five types of recombinant MVA were successfully con-structed by confirming their expression of TB antigen with Western blot. After co-cultured with the fusion protein Ag85A-ESAT-6 in vitro, the spleno-lymphocytes from recombinant MVA immunized mice showed sig-nificant proliferation activity (P<0.01) and increased IFN-γ secretion (P<0.05) while the same cells showed no response when co-cultured with saline. The spleno-lymphocytes from recombinant MVA immu-nized mice also demenstrated significant proliferation activity (P<0.01) and increased IFN-γ secretion (P<0.01) under Ag85A-ESAT-6 inducement, compared with the spleno-lymphocytes from mice immunized with wild type MVA or saline. The significant DTH response to PPD was detected in recombinant MVA-immunized mice (P<0.05). Conclusion The five types of recombinant MVA carrying genes of TB anti-gens were constructed. The constructed recombinant MVA could induce specific cellular immunity against tu-berculosis antigen in mice.

Objective To understand the clinical features of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (PC) developed against the background of hepatolithiasis. Methods Between 1995 and 2002, a total of 11 PC patients with definite history of hepatolithiasis were treated surgically in our hospital. The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this clinical entity were retrospectively analyzed. Results Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma occurred in 5 1% of patients with hepatolithiasis in this group and the tumor was located in the left lobe in 7 (64 7%) cases. All patients underwent laparotomy, with diagnosis established preoperatively in 3 (27 2%) cases and intraoperative diagnosis was missed in 2 (18 1%) cases. Radical resections were performed in only 3 (27 2%) cases. The overall operative morbidity and mortality were 72 7% and 9 1% respectively . Infection was the main postoperative complication. The postoperative 1 and 2 year survival rate was 33 3% and 11 1% respectively. Conclusions Cholangiocarcinoma may develope in patients with a history of hepatolithiasis. The prognosis of PC is still poor because of the difficulty to achieve early diagnosis and radical resection.

Objective To evaluate the application value of circulating tumor cell ( CTC ) in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule ( SPN ) . Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 134 patients with solitary pulmonary nodule in Shanghai Chest Hospital from September 2013 to January 2015, including 80 patients with malignant nodule and 54 with benign nodule.CTC levels of the above subjects were detected by ligand-targeted polymerase chain reaction ( LT-PCR ) assay, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) and cytokeratin 19 fragment ( CYFRA21-1 ) were detected by flow fluorescence assay.Results By Mann-Whitney U Test, the CTC levels of malignant SPN patients [11.06 (8.77-14.41)units/3 ml] were significantly higher than those of benign SPN patients [6.65(4.49 -7.84)units/3 ml] (Z=-6.217,P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis of SPN for CTC were 80%(64/80) and 85%(46/54) respectively.According to the diameter of SPN, the patients were divided into three groups to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTC in SPN with different size .For SPN with diameter less than 8 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 6/9 and 4/5 respectively .For SPN with diameter between 8 mm and 20 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 83%(35/42) and 85%(29/34).For SPN with diameter greater than 20 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 79%(23/29) and 13/15.Conclusion Comparing with the traditional tumor markers, CTC could provide more clinical value in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule .

Objective　To evaluate the value of CT virtual gastroscopy (CTVE) in clinical applications. Methods　52 patients (65 foci of stomach) were examined by CTVE combined with 2D CT, gastrointestinal series (GI) and fibric gastroscopy (FG). The accurate ratio in quantitative, locating, qualitative and staging diagnoses was compared. Results　CTVE demonstrated the diameter of 0.3 cm foci in stomach. The accurate ratio in quantitative, locating and qualitative diagnoses with combination of CT and CTVE was higher than that of GI (P<0.001 ) but lower that of FG (P>0.05); In staging, CTVE was better than GI and FG. Conclusion　CTVE is a complementary gastric examination, which can replace GI in the diagnosis of common physical gastrical diseases.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for determination of protocatechuic acid in Pterospermum heterophyllum.METHODS: The separation was performed on Agilent TC C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5.0 ?m)column.Moblie phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% glacial acetic acid solution(pH 3.16,10 ∶ 90)with flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1 and detection wavelength of 260 nm.The column temperature was set at 35℃ and injection volume was 10 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range of protocatechuic acid was 0.007 76～0.310 4 ?g(r=0.999 7) with an average recovery of 97.68% (RSD=1.51%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible for the quality control of P.heterophyllum.

Objective:To study the effects of the overexpression of hsa-miR-202 on the proliferation and molecular mechanism of lung cancer A549 cells. Methods:A sequence of hsa-miR-202 with ppG/miR/eGFP/Blasitidin pasmid was directionally connected and a eukaryotic expression vector pmiR-202 of the target hsa-miR-202 gene was constructed. pmiR-202 was transtected to A549 cell with Lipofectamine 2000. The WST assay was used to detect the cell proliferation rate, and RT-PCR was used to detect the relative gene expression levels. Western blot analysis was used to detect the IL-10 protein expression levels. The interaction between miR-202 and IL-10 was examined using a luciferase reporter assay. Results:The design from the DNA sequencing results shows that a eukaryot-ic expression vector of miR-202 was successfully constructed. The proliferation inhibition rates of A549 cells by Pmir-202 were 12%, 38%, and 52%. The differences in the treatment group compared with the blank control and negative control groups were statistically significant. The RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of miR-202 increased after transfection with pmiR-202. Over-expression of miR-202 can downregulate the relative gene and protein expression levels of IL-10, and the relative levels were 25%and 0.75, respectively. Compared with the blank control and the negative control groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The fluorescent activity was reduced when transfection was performed with miR-202 mimics, and IL-10-3'UTR plasmid was cloned. Conclusion: pmiR-202 effectively inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and exhibited a time-effect relationship with miR-202 by targeted combination with IL-10 3'UTR to downregulate IL-10 expression in A549 cells.

The design and efficacy of surgery for horizontal idiopathic nystagmus (HIN) with abnormal head posture and strabismus were investigated. Different surgical procedures were selected according to the angle of head turn in 44 cases of HIN with abnormal head posture and strabismus. For patients with a head turn of 15° or less, the Anderson procedure was used; the yoke muscles were recessed upon slow-phase. For patients with a head turn between 15° and 25°, the surgery was designed as a Kestenbaum 5-4-4-5 procedure. For patients with a head turn of 25° or more, the surgery was designed as a Parks 5-8-6-7 procedure. The surgery to correct the abnormal head posture was performed on the fixating eye while that to correct the deviation was then performed on the non-fixating eye at the same time. The amount of surgery of the horizontal rectus muscles on the non-fixating eye was sum of the angle of head turn and the degree of deviation, which was calculated as follows: recession/resection amount of medial and lateral rectis/2×5=angle of head turn±degree of deviation. The results showed as follows: (1) Visual acuity: the visual acuity in the primary ocular position increased two lines or more in 35 patients, accounting for 79.55%. Nine patients had no or only one-line improvement, accounting for 20.45% of the entire study population; (2) The degree of deviation in the primary ocular position: 37 cases had a normal primary ocular position or the degree of deviation ≤8(δ) after surgery, accounting for 84.09%. Six patients had a residual degree of deviation of 8(δ)-15(δ), accounting for 13.64%. One patient had a residual degree of deviation >20(δ), accounting for 2.27% of the patients examined; (3) Abnormal head posture: 34 patients had a normal head posture or a head turn of less than 5°, accounting for 72.27%. Eight patients had a residual head turn of 5°-15°, accounting for 18.18%. Two patients had a head turn of 15°-25°, accounting for 4.55%. It was concluded that different surgical procedures based on the angle of head turn and the relationship between deviation and null zone can eliminate anomalous head posture, correct deviation, and improve vision acuity in the primary ocular position.

Objective To explore the effects of the vagus and its transmitter on cerebrogenic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by cerebral hemorrhage(CH) in rats. Methods 80 wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operative group (n=10),subdiaphringmatic vagotomy (SDV) group (n=10),CH group (n=20), CH+SDV group (n=20) and CH+SIV group (n=20).Rat CH model was made by stereotaxis injection of collagenase and heparin sodium in caudate nucleus. The success full CMODS rat model was characterized by the abnormality of hepatic and renal function,myocardium enzyme, blood routine and vital sign of rat chalked standard. The rats of CH+SDV group were practiced SDV operation 4 weeks before the model was made. CH+SIV group were put electrostimulation of vagus after the mode was made for 6 times. The stimulus continued 20 min with 4 h interval. All rats were executed 24 h after CH. The pathological change of main organs (liver, kidney, lung, small intestine),blood routine were tested. Myocardium enzyme,hepatic and renal function were examinied. Meanwhile, the expression of FOS,CHAT and VIP in the medullary visceral zone of the rats were examined with immunohistochemistry,compared with the sham-operative group and SOV gruop. Results Abnormality of hepatic and renal function,myocardium enzyme and the pathological change of liver,kidney,small intestine CH+SDV group,CH+SIV group and those of CH group outweigh than sham-operative group and SDV group(all P