By the research of the characteristics and market using situation of all needle medical supplies, this paper sums up their development trend to provide reference for medical practitioners or the classification management of needle medical supplies.
Humans ; Needles

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antibiotics in medical insured inpatients with lung infection for reference of management of expenditure of antibiotics in the inpatients.METHODS: The data base documents of a total of 685 insured inpatients with lung infection(Jan.2004～Jun.2006) were collected for a statistical analysis in respect of the utilization and expenditure of antibitoics using defined daily dose and the ratio of order of consumption sum to that of DDDs as indexes.RESULTS: Cephalosporins and quinolones took the lead in expenditure and DDDs,accounting for 70.70% of total antibiotics in terms of consumption sum.CONCLUSION: The main factors affecting hospitalization expense were the application of cephalosporins and quinolones,thus emphasis should be paid to the supervising of these factors.

Objective To explore the drug resistance and genotypes in 30 strains of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from ICU patients to provide the basis for rational use of antibacterial drugs in ICU patients .Methods The MIC method was a-dopted to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and the Enterobacteriaceae intergenic repetitive sequence (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was adopted to perform the genotyping of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli screened out by the antimicrobial susceptibility .Results 30 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from ICU and divided into two genotypes of type A and B2 ,among which 16 strains were isolated in sputum (5 strains of type B2) ,9 strains in blood (7 strains of type B2) ,3 strains in lung lavage fluid and 2 strains in urine (1 strain of type B2) .The drug susceptibility test results showed 13 strains of type B2 and their resistance rates to amoxicillin ,cefuroxime ,piperacillin ,ticarcillin were over 90% .17 strains were type A and their resistance rates to amoxicillin ,cephalothin ,gentamicin ,ticarcillin and piperacillin reached more than 70% .The multi-drug resistance in type B2 was higher than that in the type A .Conclusion Type B2 strain of Escherichia coli shows multi-drug resist-ance and strong pathogenicity and mainly distributes in the blood samples .The use of antibacterial drugs in ICU patients should be reasonably adjusted according to different genotypes of Escherichia coli infection .

Objective To disclose the influence of PTEN on the migration of breast cancer cells ZR-75-1. Methods Wild-type PTEN gene was transtected into ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells which lack PTEN gene, tranfected cells were selected by puromycin and the protein encoded by PTEN gene was tested by Western-blot. The inhibition rate of invasion and adhesion of ZR-75-1 was tested on reconstituted basement membrane. Results Wild-type PTEN gene was successfully transfected into ZR-75-1 and expressed efficiently. The inhibition rate of invasion and adhesion is 70.4 % and 60.0 % respectively. Conclusion PTEN gene can restrict the migration of breast cancer cells in some degree, so whether PTEN gene is deleted or not can partly estimates the risk of migration of breast cancer cells.

AIM: To investigate the effect of caveolin - 1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 on 17β - estradiol ( E_2 ) induced inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs ). METHODS: The proliferation in cultured VSMCs was determined by using [~3H ] - thymidine incorporation. The expressions of caveolin - 1, MKP -1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. The expression of caveolin - 1 mRNA was measured by RT - PCR. RESULTS: Exposed to fetal calf serum ( FCS) for 24 h, the increase in proliferation of VSMCs was detected by [~3H] -thymidine incorporation. Pretreatment with various concentrations of E_2 for 24 h inhibited VSMC proliferation induced by FCS. The results of Western blotting and RT - PCR showed that pretreated with 17β - estradiol for 24 h reserved the decrease in caveolin - 1 induced by FCS. Western blotting results further proved that the expression of MKP - 1 was significantly increased and the expression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased after incubated with 17β - estradiol. CONCLUSION: 17β -estradiol increases caveolin - 1 and MKP - 1 expressions, and decreases ERK1/2 phosphorylation, leading to the inhibition of VSMC proliferation.

Objective To discuss the anesthetic effect of iv injection with propofol for pediatric orchiopexy.Methods Totally 80 children who needed orchiopexy were selected,and were divided into two groups randomly.The control group (39 cases) were iv given propofol and ketamine for anesthesia.The observation group (41 cases) were iv given propofol,ketamine,and remifentanil.The anesthetic effect of propofol for pediatric orchiopexy was evaluated by HR,MAP,SpO2,recovery time,dosage of propofol and ketamine,and postoperative adverse reaction.Results Before the injection and injection for 5 min,there was no statistical significance on MAP,HR,and SpO2 between two groups.Pulling the testicles,the MAP and HR in observation group were lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance on SpO2.The recovery time of observation group was shorter than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).And the dosages of propofol and ketamine in observation group were also less than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance on postoperative adverse reaction between two groups.Conclusion The iv anesthesia with propofol has a good anesthetic effect on the pediatric orchiopexy.The anesthesia is stable and has little effect on vital signs,rapid postoperative recovery without increasing adverse reaction,which is worthy of clinical use.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of combined therapy using anti-CTLA-4 antibody and doxoru-bicin on mice bearing breast cancer.Methods Balb/c mice inoculated with 4T-1 mouse breast cancer cell were used as tumor mod-els,which were randomly divided into blank group,solvent control group,anti-CTLA-4 antibody only group,doxorubicin only group and combined therapy group.Tumor growth of mice was observed.The ratio of spleen and bone marrow cell subgroup were evaluated.Tumor microenvironment apoptosis and microvessel density (MVD)were evaluated.Results The tumor volume of an-ti-CTLA-4 antibody only group,doxorubicin only group and combined therapy group were lower than those in the rest groups(P <0.05).The tumor volume and mass of combined therapy group was significantly higher than those of anti-CTLA-4 antibody only group,doxorubicin only group (P <0.05).Compared with blank group,solvent control group,CD8 + Tand CD4 + T ratio in anti-CTLA-4 antibody only group,doxorubicin only group,combined therapy group increased with significant difference (P <0.05). The positive cell apoptosis rate of combined therapy group was significantly higher than those of other groups(P < 0.05 ).The MVD of combined therapy group was significantly lower than those of other groups(P <0.05).The positive cell apoptosis rate and MVD of anti-CTLA-4 antibody only group,doxorubicin only group were better than those of blank group,solvent control group. Conclusion Combined therapy using anti-CTLA-4 antibody and doxorubicin could improve the immune,significantly inhibit the growth of tumor,promote cancer cell apoptosis and decrease MVD.

AIM:To investigate the effect of caveolin-1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 on 17?-estradiol (E2) induced inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS:The proliferation in cultured VSMCs was determined by using [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The expressions of caveolin-1,MKP-1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. The expression of caveolin-1 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS:Exposed to fetal calf serum (FCS) for 24 h,the increase in proliferation of VSMCs was detected by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Pretreatment with various concentrations of E2 for 24 h inhibited VSMC proliferation induced by FCS. The results of Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that pretreated with 17?-estradiol for 24 h reserved the decrease in caveolin-1 induced by FCS. Western blotting results further proved that the expression of MKP-1 was significantly increased and the expression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased after incubated with 17?-estradiol. CONCLUSION:17?-estradiol increases caveolin-1 and MKP-1 expressions,and decreases ERK1/2 phosphorylation,leading to the inhibition of VSMC proliferation.

Objective To investigate the genotype ,distribution and drug resistance of 24 multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli i-solates from the patients in the hospital 24 cases of multi-drug resistant genotyping and resistance ,the distribution of its depart-ments in the hospital ,to provide basis for rational use of antibiotics in clinical patients .Methods By MIC method to analyze antimi-crobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli ,Enterobacter Genetics adopt consistent between repetitive sequences (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening carried out the multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli genotyping .Results Statistics showed that the hospital were isolated 24 strains were divided into two types A and B2 type genotype .Distribution is 10 in respiratory ,6 in urology , 5 in ICU (B2 type 3) ,3 in hematology and oncology (B2 type 1) .Drug susceptibility results of 4 type B2 ,for cefoxitin ,ceftazidime , amikacin ,ticarcillin + clavulanic acid are all manifestations of resistance .24 strains of Escherichia coli ,amoxicillin ,cephalothin , gentamicin ,ticarcillin ,piperacillin resistance rate reached more than 70% .Conclusion B2-type strain showed multidrug resistance , pathogenicity strong ,and mainly in the ICU and hematology and oncology ,the use of antibiotics should be based on reasonable ad-justments in patients infected with different genotypes of Escherichia coli .