OBJECTIVETo provide suggestion for MDAEs monitoring with analyzing the features of the 1028 reports of MDAEs.

METHODSWith retrospective case study, this paper analyzed 1 028 MDAE reports in Guiyang during 2012.

RESULTSThe intrauterine device (IUD) caused the higher proportion of adverse events with serious degree. Monitoring consciousness of grassroots users needs to be improved. The quality of the reports should be enhanced.

CONCLUSIONSMore attention should be paid to monitoring on IUD. The level of MDAEs monitoring should be improved through carrying out targeted training and publicity, establishing and improving MDAEs monitoring network.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumor.Clinical manifestations are varied with multiple organs involved,mainly due to hypercalcemia.So far the etiology and pathogenesis of parathyroid carcinoma are still unclear and preoperatively diagnosis is difficult.Technetium-99 m sestamibi scan and ultrasound can help to find the early lesions.Complete surgical resection with suspicious involved lymph nodes is the recommended treatment.Parathyroid carcinoma is insensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.New immune therapy yields unsure efficacy.Therapeutic effect and prognosis mainly depend on primary surgical resection of the tumor.The disease recurs in more than 50％ of patients with poor prognosis.

AIM: To study the effect and potential mechanism of IFN? on tumor angiogenesis. METHODS: Human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) was cultured in vitro. The effect of IFN? (10, 100, and 1000 unit?ml -1) on proliferation of HUVEC was detected by MTT assay in vitro. HUVEC pretreated with IFN? (10, 100, and 1000 unit?ml -1) was stained with PI and detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The mRNA expression of apoptosis relative gene Bcl-2 and Bax of HUVEC treated with IFN? (100, and 1 000 unit?ml -1) were detected with semi quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IFN? (30, 300, and 3 000 unit?ml -1) on VEGF secretion and expression in human lung carcinoma cell PG in hypoxia were detected by ELISA assay. CONCLUSION: The key attributes of IFN? on tumor angiogenesis possible directly inhibit vascular endothelial cells or indirectly inhibit growth factors secretion and expression in tumor cells.

Objective To investigate if ketamine protects cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from apoptosis induced by glutamate and its possible mechanism of signal transduction. Methods Primarily cultured CGNs prepared by enzymatical digestion of cerebellum isolated bom 7-8 day old SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: (1) control group (C); (2) glutamate group (G) in which CGNs were incubated with 300 ?mol?L-1 glutamate; (3) (4) (5) ketamine groups (K1 , K2, K3) in which CGNs were incubated with ketamine 10 (K1 ) 100 (K2) or 1 000 (K3) ?mol ? L-1 for 1h before glutamate was added; (6) Ly 294002 - K3 group (LK3) in which CGNs were incubated with 20 ?mol?L-1 Ly 294002 (a specific phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase inhibitor) for 30 min before ketamine 1 000 ? mol ? L-1 and glutamate were added as in group K3; (7) Ly 294002 group (L) in which CGNs were incubated with Ly 294002 20?mol ? L-1 and (8) Ly 294002-glutamate group (LG) in which CGNs were incubated with Ly 294002 20 ?mol ? L-1 for 30 min before glutamate was added. After 20 h incubation the apoptosis in CGNs was detected by Hoechst 33258 nucleus staining, phase-contrast microscopy and DNA fragmentation agarose gel electrophoresis. The neuronal survival was determined by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining.Results Glutamate 300 ?mol ? L-1 induced apoptosis in CGNs as characterized by cytoplasmic blebbing, heterochromatic clumping, condensation of nuclear chromatin and a typical apoptotic DNA ladder revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Ketamine improved the survival of CGNs incubated with glutamate (300 ?mol ? L-1) and blocked the glutamate-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Ly 294002 (20 ?mol ? L-1) antagonized the anti-apoptotic effects of ketamine. Conclusion Ketamine can protect CGNs from apoptosis induced by glutamate. Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway may be involved in the antiapoptotic action of ketamine.

OBJECTIVE:To provide basis for the establishment of warfarin individualized administration model that is suitable for Uighurian patients in Xinjiang. METHODS:The genotypes of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in 200 Uighurian patients in xinjiang were detected and compared with the genotypes and allele frequency of different ethnic populations in world. RESULTS:The frequency of CYP2C9*1/*1 homozygous wild type in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was lower than South Korea,Japan,the United States and Han nationality in China,higher than Turkey;the frequency of *1/*2 heterozygous mutant was lower than Turkey,Sweden and the United Kingdom,higher than South Korea,Japan and Han nationality in China;the frequency of *1/*3 heterozygous mutant was higher than Japan,South Korea,Han nationality in China,the United Kingdom and the United States;the frequency of *3/*3 was higher than the populations above(P<0.05). *1 allele in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was lower than Han nationality in China,Ja-pan,South Korea and the United States,higher than Turkey(P<0.05). *2 allele was higher than Han nationality in China,Japan and South Korea,lower than Turkey,Sweden and the United Kingdom(P<0.05). *3 allele was higher than Han nationality in Chi-na,Japan,South Korea,Sweden,the United Kingdom and the United States(P<0.05). The frequency of VKORC1-1639AA in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was higher than the United States Sweden,the United Kingdom,lower than Singapore,Japan,Taiwan China and Han nationality in China. The frequency of type AG was higher than Singapore,Japan,Taiwan China,Han nationality in China. The frequency of type GG was higher than Singapore,Japan,Taiwan China,Han nationality in China,lower than the United States,Sweden and the United Kingdom(P<0.05). Type A allele in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was lower than Han nation-ality in China,Taiwan China,Japan and Singapore,higher than the United States,Sweden and the United Kingdom;type G was higher than Han nationality in China,Taiwan China,Japan and Singapore,lower than the United States,Sweden and the United Kingdom(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The distribution of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphism in Uighurian patients in Xin-jiang are obviously different from Asian,European and American populations.

Laser peripheral iridotomy ( LPI) is one of the main therapy for glaucoma due to its reliable efficacy of widening peripheral angle and therefore decreasing intraocular pressure by partially relieving pupillary block. The parameters of the anterior chamber angle following the LPI are the main evaluation indexes. At present,the detecting and diagnosis technique for the anterior chamber angle is deeply advancing, including gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Pentacam. These methods offer some useful parameters and also present with some limits in the application respectively in the evaluation of anterior chamber and angle structure. This review focuses on the application of Methods mentioned above and morphologic changes of anterior chamber and angle structure following the LPI.

Objective To investigate the incidence,original location and clinical features of olfactory sulcus polyp in patients with chronic sinusitis.Methods Two hundred and seventeen cases(351 sides) with chronic sinusitis were reviewed,their olfactory sulcus was carefully examined with nasal endoscope during operation.The incidence and original location of olfactory sulcus polyp were observed,and the relationship between olfactory sulcus polyps and prognosis of chronic sinusitis or olfaction of the patients with olfactory sulcus polyps were also statistically analyzed with Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation.Results The incidence of olfactory sulcus polyp in the cases with chronic sinusitis was 18.52%.Among these cases with olfactory sulcus polyps,the rate of olfactory disorder was 81.82%,which was higher than that in the cases without olfactory sulcus polyps(25.63%,P

[Objective] TO establish an HPLC method for the determination of emodin and chrysophanol in rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablets.[Methods] An HPLC method was applied;Chromatographic column was Shim-pack clc-ODS(150?6.0mm,5.0um);The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (85:15);Velocity of flow was 1.0ml/min;The detaction wavelength was 254nm.[Resulet] The linearty of this method was well.Emodin and chrysophanol average recovery rates were 98.5%,99.3%;RSD=2.75%,2.83%(n=9).[Conclusion] This method is simple,accurate with strong reproducibility,and can be used for the quality control of rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablets.

AIM: To study effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF?) and interleukin-10(IL-10) on human cytomegalovirus AD169 (HCMV AD169) infection in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL),and the ability of the infected HEL to produce TNF?. We have attempted to understand the effect of cytokines in the immune of HCMV infection. METHODS: TNF??IL-10 were added separately with different concentrations before 24 h HCMV infection of HEL to study the effect of TNF? and IL-10 on multiplication of HCMV. HCMV was incubated with HEL, TNF? in culture supernatants were measured at 4, 24, 48, 72, 96 h postinfection. The level of TNF? was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). RESULTS: The addition of TNF? with the concentration of 10-100 ?g/L or IL-10 with the concentration of 1-10 ?g/L before 24 h HCMV infection of HEL could remarkably inhibited the multiplication of HCMV in HEL. Level of TNF? didn't increase in infected cell supernatants. CONCLUSION: TNF? and IL-10 play an important role in the immune of HCMV infection.

· AIM: To quantitatively detect gene expression level of transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor (Tβ R 1) and transforming growth factor-β type 2 receptor (Tβ R 2) in different stage of diabetic rats' retina. To observe and analyze the effect of transforming growth factor-βreceptors on the retina of rat diabetic animal model.· METHODS: 28 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen and randomly divided into two groups of normal control (CON) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection.Gene expression was detected quantitatively with real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).· RESULTS: The mRNA level of Tβ R 1 and Tβ R 2 was 0.000493± 0.000133 and 0.000166± 0.000057 at 4wk. The mRNA level of Tβ R 1 and Tβ R 2 was 0.000608± 0.000232 and 0.000113± 0.000049 at 12wk. Tβ R 1 expression was gradually elevated during the progression of diabetic retinopathy, Tβ R 2 expression was up-regulated at 4wk,but down-regulated at 12wk.Tβ R 2) may play important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.