Intestinal tract is the central organ of the body's stress,and it has an important barrier function to prevent the harmful substances,such as bacteria and toxins,from the gut into the body.The main factors of intestinal barrier dysfunction are ischemia and hypoxia and endotoxin damage,and it is essential to explore the protective methods of the intestinal mucosa barrier in the early stage to prevent the organ metabolism disorder induced by intestinal derived endotoxin and bacterial translocation.Glutamine,which can effectively protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa,maintain the normal intestinal permeability and improve the cell immunity,has been used to intensive adult patients and need further studies in the clinical application of newborns.

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants.The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC is structural and immunological intestinal immaturity.Probiotic bacteria prevent or limits disease propagation in NEC.The unique characteristics of developing intestinal epithelia focusing on gut development and colonization as well as the inflammatory propensity of immature epithelia are highlighted in this paper.Additionally, potential mechanisms of beneficial probiotic interaction with immature intestinal epithelia including immunomodulation, upregulation of cytoprotective genes, prevention and regulation of apoptosis and maintenance of barrier function are reviewed.Probiotics may restore or supply essential bacterial strains needed for gut maturation and homeostasis.Oral administration of probiotics has been suggested as a promising strategy for prevention of NEC.

Objective:To explore the effects of levocarnitine adjunctive therapy on serum nutritional index and inflammatory factor level in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods:Totally 62 patients with hemodialysis were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 31 cases in each. The observation group was treated with 1g levocarnitine injection with intravenous in-jection after the dialysis, and the control group was treated with 0. 9% physiological saline injection with the same volume after the di-alysis. After 3-month treatment, the nutritional indices including Hb, Alb, TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C and the change in inflamma-tory factors including C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α of the patients in the two groups were studied and compared. Results:After the treatment, the level of Hb and Alb was improved in the observation group (P<0. 05), while the level of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C had no significant change (P>0. 05). All of the indices showed no significant change in the control group (P>0. 05). After the treatment, the level of Hb and Alb in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). After the treatment, the level of CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was reduced in the observation group (P<0.05), while the control group had no significant changes in the indices (P>0. 05). All of the indices in the observation group was better than those in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Levocarnitine used in the treatment of patients with hemodialysis can effectively improve the nutritional status and inflammatory factors level without obvious effects on lipid metabolism, which is very important for the reduction of complication and the improvement of life quality, and worthy of clinical promotion.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.It is very important to correctly select a treating approach for DME.At present,the treating methods of DME include retinal laser photocoagulation,application of the glucocorticoid,intravitreous injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs,administration of inhibitor of protein kinase C,vitrectomy and combined treatment etc.However,each method has its advantage and disadvantage.Retinal photocoagulation,vitrectomy,intravitreous injection and drug delivery system implantation are invasive treatment methods,and they can not rescue damaged retinal photoreceptors.Therefore,it is recommended that DME should be early diagnosed and effective treatment.The research status at home and abroad and future development trends of DME treatment were summarized.

Iodine is the essential element of the human body. Both of iodine deficiency and iodine excess can produce different biological effects on organisms in various degree . It not only can damage the thyroid gland but also influence the nervous system and oxidize system, even damage hereditary material and immune system. The studies of the different biological effects of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on the cells and organisms can play an important role in unveiling the mechanisms of iodine deficiency disease and iodine excess disease. It also can offer the solution for preventing and curing the relevant disease of iodine.

Objective To explore the accuracy and the clinical significance about the diagnosis treatment to allergy rhinitis with bioresonanztherapie.Methods 22 cases who were confirmed as house dust mite,extremely sensitive to duse diagnosed by BICOM were randomly collected and examined by allergic-skin test,which were compared with the control group.Results 22 examples by BICOM bioresonanztherapie,for to the house dust mite and the dust highly sensitive patient,allergy test sets piercing experiment was the strong masculine genders.Conclusion Bioresonanztherapie is really feasible at accuracy and practicability to test allergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the applicative value in stages of pre-infarction period using dynamic perfusion CT. Methods Dynamic perfusion CT was performed in 32 cases of cerebral hypoperfusion. The ratios of side-to-side were measured at hypoperfusion areas in the regional cerebral ischemia. The stages of pre-infarction period were made as the following: (Ⅰ 1) TTP was delayed, MTT, rCBF and rCBV were normal; (Ⅰ 2) TTP and MTT were delayed, rCBF was normal, and rCBV was normal or slightly increased; (Ⅱ 1) TTP and MTT were delayed, rCBF was decreased, and rCBV was normal or slightly decreased; (Ⅱ 2) TTP and MTT were delayed, rCBF and rCBV were decreased. Results There were 4 cases in stage Ⅰ 1. Regional hypoperfusion was revealed only by TTP map. The mean ratios of rCBF, rCBV, MTT, and TTP were 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.30, respectively. In stage Ⅰ 2, the areas of delayed TTP and MTT were found in all 13 cases. The rCBF and rCBV maps appeared normal in 8 cases. Another 5 cases showed normal rCBF and slightly increased rCBV areas. The mean ratios of rCBF, rCBV, MTT, and TTP were 1.00, 1.03, 1.38, and 1.30, respectively. In stage Ⅱ 1, the areas of delayed TTP and MTT were revealed in all 8 cases. The depiction of decreased rCBF was also found in 8 cases. The areas of decreased rCBV were showed in 5 cases, and normal rCBV maps were revealed in 3. The mean ratios of rCBF, rCBV, MTT, and TTP were 0.56, 0.94, 1.49, and 1.47, respectively. In stage Ⅱ 2, the areas of delayed TTP and MTT were revealed in all 4 cases, in whom depiction of decreased rCBF and rCBV was also found. The mean ratios of rCBF, rCBV, MTT, and TTP were 0.42, 0.59, 1.57, and 1.55, respectively. Conclusion CT perfusion imaging and its parameters' analysis may play an increasing role to delineate the depiction of cerebral hypoperfusion in pre-infarction period. Analyzing the relationship of rCBF, rCBV, MTT, and TTP is very helpful to know the status of the capillary vessels in regional cerebral hypoperfusion area and to provide functional information with our stages of pre-infarction period.

To prepare simvastatin nanostructured lipid carriers ( simvastatin-NLCs) . Methods:The simvastatin-NLCs were prepared by melt-emulsion ultrasonication and low temperature-solidification methods. Using the particle size, polydispersion in-dex, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as the idices, the ratio of solid to liquid, lipid concentration, ratio of surfactant to cosur-factant, emulsifier concentration and drug concentration were optimized. The optimized simvastatin-NLCs were characterized for the en-capsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and morphology. In vitro drug release behavior and stability of NLCs were also stud-ied. Results:The optimized simvastatin-NLCs formula was as follows:the concentration of simvastatin, cetyl palmitate, Miglyol? 812, soy lecithin and solutol HS15? was 0. 5%, 1. 5%, 4. 5%, 2. 5% and 1. 5%, respectively. The particle size and zeta potential of NLCs was (102. 2 ± 42. 1) nm and ( -33. 1 ± 4. 1) mV, respectively. The simvastatin-NLCs were found to be small and spherical with smooth surface under a transmission electron microscope. The in vitro release profile indicated that the accumulated release of sim-vastatin reached up to (59. 1 ± 4. 8) % in 24 h. The stability studies showed that simvastatin-NLCs were stable in 3 months after stored at 5℃. Conclusion:The formula of simvastatin-NLCs prepared by melt-emulsion ultrasonication and low temperature-solidifica-tion method is feasible.

Background Primary iris stromal cysts is a rare clinical disease.In recent years,the pathological findings of primary iris stromal cysts are different from previous literature reports.It is very important to understand the pathological characteristics of primary iris stromal cysts for illuminating its pathogenesis and accurate treatment.Objective This study was to analyze the pathological types and clinical manifestations of primary iris stromal cysts.Methods Histopathological sections of 14 patients with primary iris stromal cysts from January 1979 to December 2012 in Tianjin Eye Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The primary iris stromal cysts were typed based on the hematoxylin-eosin staining,periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunochemistry, and the clinical chacteristics upon different types were evaluated.Results In 14 specimens of primary iris stromal cysts,squamous epithelial type was found in 9 specimens,lens epithelial type in 3 specimens and ciliary body epithelial type in 2 specimens.The primary iris stromal cysts of squamous epithelial type were constituted of non-cuticular stratified squamous epithelium cells,and sporadic goblet cells were found in some specimens.The primary iris stromal cysts of lens epithelial type were consisted of lens epithelium cells and lens capsular analogic tissue and the cysts were tightly adherent to the lens.Crystalline lens dysplasia were seen in 2 specimens.The primary iris stromal cysts of ciliary body epithelial type showed single or stratified ciliary body like epithelium cells.Iris-ciliary dysplasia or anterior chamber angle abnormality was displayed in 1 specimen in this type of cysts.Under the slit lamp microscope,superior-temporal clear cysts were often seen in the primary iris stromal cysts of squamous epithelial type, and translucent cysts or diffuse swelling cysts were exhibited in the lens epithelial type and might be accompanied with lens dysplasia and cataract.Diffuse swelling was found in the cysts of ciliary body epithelial type which were often associated with chamber dysplasia and infantile glaucoma.Conclusions Primary iris stromal cysts are pathologically classified into squamous epithelial type, lens epithelial type and ciliary body epithelial type and present with different clinical appearances.