The basic principles and methods of information classification and encoding, as well as the present situation of classification of medical consumable materials, are introduced. By adopting multi-stage classification and encoding structure to information of medical consumable materials, the classification and encoding become more scientific, flexible and practical, which avails the informational management of medical consumable materials.

Objective To discuss the management specifications of medical device application. Methods The article discussed the management specifications of medical device application, such as equipping principle, bar code management, annual assessment, and secondary warehouse, proposed beneficial plan and steps. Results With further implementation, it will enable the management of medical device application more refined, even more targeted and effective. Conclusion The equipment management regulations relates to a number of policy requirements which belongs to different countries, and it waits for consummating unceasingly.

Objective To discuss the specification of centralized management of hospital medical equipment to enhance the efficiency and economical benefit.Methods Centralized management center of medical equipment and general medical equipment leasing system were established.The environment requirements,economic accounting and data statistics were also discussed.Results The utilization rate of medical equipment was enhanced greatly,and purchase cost was decreased.Conclusion Hospital administrators can find reference to serve for first-line clinician.

Objective To optimize the method of isolating ,culturing and screening fetal mouse liver stem cells in vitro ,and to identify the potential of bi‐directional differentiation .Methods The fetal liver stem cells of mouse were isolated by the density gra‐dient centrifugation and cell difference adherence method ,the proliferation of stem cells was determined by cell plate cloning tech‐nique and MTT method;stem cells were induced for differentiation by adding DMSO and HGF .Results The isolated stem cells showed adherence within 24 h ,which were orbicular‐ovate ,closely packed ,activated within 1~2 weeks ;the positive rates of CD133 , CD49f and EPCAM were (97 .95 ± 1 .21)% ,(92 .71 ± 3 .49)% and (50 .73 ± 3 .45)% respectively ;AFP and CK19 proteins were expressed;red glycogen granules were seen by PAS after induced differentiation;ALB and HNF‐4αwere expressed .Conclusion Fe‐tal hepatic stem cells are successfully isolated by the density gradient centrifugation combined with difference adherence method ,and the isolated cells have strong stemness and proliferation ability ,as well as the ability of bi‐directional differentiation towards hepato‐cytes and bile duct epithelial cells .

[Objective]To study the effect of semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty in rheumatoid elbow arthritis.[Method]Eighteen semi-constrained total elbow replacements were performed on 22 rheumatoid patients with 28 elbows(Morrey Stage:6 of Ⅲ Stage,17 of Ⅳ Stage,5 of Ⅴ Stage).The elbows were reviewed retrospectively after a followup of mean 26 months(range12~44 months).Mayo Elbow Performance was used to evalue the function of preoperative and postoperative elbow.The curative effect and complications were observed.The statistically significant differences were analyzed.[Result]Elbow arthroplasty was successful in 22 rheumatoid patients with 28 elbows.After 6 weeks function exercise the Mayo Elbow Performance was improved from(31.6?29.2)to(82.1?24.3)with a statistically significant difference(P

[Objective]To study the means and curative effect of the total hip replacement for ankylosed hip joint with severely flexinal abnormality.[Method]Retrospective analysis of the operative effect and related problems of the total hip replacement for ankylosed hip joint with severely flexinal abnormality.[Result]Through follow up for 6 to 44 months(22 months averaged),the average range of motion of hip joint and of flexion was 220.5? and 103?,respectively.The postoperative Harrris Score was 84.4 versus the preoperative Harrris Score of 14.2.The pain of the hip was disappeared almost completely and pain of lower waist and knee was relieved obviously.Patient got their gait right and could care themselves approximately.[Conclusion]The total hip replacement can eliminate the pain of the joint effectively and meliorate the function of the joint rapidly for ankylosed hip joint with severely flexinal abnormality,but surgeons must grasp the indication and technique of the operation and postoperative functional exercise.

Objective To study the method and clinical results of Infrared Fluoroscopic Navigation Guiding system guided percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods Twenty-two cases with 32 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty guided by Infrared Fluoroscopic Navigation Guiding system.The fracture segment was within T6-L 4(14 thoracical vertebrae,18 lumbarver vertebrae).The compression ratio was from 20% to 90% in which 5 vertebral bodies were 75%.12 vertebral bodies underwent PVP,and 20 vertebral bodies underwent PKP in which balloon expansion were used in 12 vertebral bodies and sky expansion were used in 8 vertebral bodies.Single vertebral body injection were in 14 cases,two vertebral body injection were in 6 cases,three vertebral body injection were in 2 cases including 18 vertebral bodies injection via unilateral pedicle of vertebral arch and 14 vertebral bodies injection via bilateral pedicle of vertebral arch.Restoration of vertebra height and cement leakage was observed by postoperative X-ray and CT scan.Changes of preoperative and postoperative vertebral body volume measured by CT volumetry was compared.Preoperative and postoperative Vasual analogue scale(VAS)score was compared.Results PVP was successful in 22 cases with 32 vertebral bodies.No nerve and spinal cord damage,lung embolism and heart and brain vessel acute reaction occurred.Operative time was(18.4?4.5)mins per vertebral body.X-ray dosage was(12.2?3.4)dGy per vertebrae.The amount of bone cement was(4.4?2.5)ml per vertebrae.The vertebral body volume was improved from preoperative(22.2?8.6)cm3 to postoperative(24.8?6.9)cm3 with a significant differences(P

Epidemiology is a discipline both old and young.It's not until the 1970 s-1980 s,theoretical framework of epidemiology,as well as its study design and analysis methods were systematically summarized and improved.Since 1990s,modern epidemiology has made considerable progress,which is constantly updating our health concept and health model.Meantime,it's been continuously converging with other relevant discipline,gradually forming new branches and expanding its application.This paper summarizes the trends of epidemiology in recent decades,and explores the future direction of development.

Objective To investigate the indications and mid-term outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy through ilioinguinal approach for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in middle-aged (40-50years old) adult patients.Methods Data of 10 adult patients who had undergone periacetabular osteotomies through ilioinguinal approach for DDH from August 2005 to February 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 7 females and 3 males,aged from 40 to 47 years (average,42 years).Bilateral hips were involved in 3 patients,and unilateral hip was involved in 7 patients.Before this hospitalization,1 patient had received Chari osteotomy,and 1 had received hip-shelf procedure.According to the T(o)nnis classification,3 hips were classified as Grade 0,5 as Grade Ⅰ and 2 as Grade Ⅱ.The Shenton line was discontinuous in 6 hips.The average lateral center-edge angle was 3.50°±4.88°; the average anterior center-edge angle was 1.80°±5.07°; the average acetabular index angle was 18.20°±3.01°; the average femoral head extrusion index was 31.30％±4.37％; the average Harris hip score was 67.40±7.75.Changes of the indexes mentioned above were observed during the whole period of follow-up.Results All patients were followed up for 10 to 76 months (average,37 months).The T(o)nnis grade improved in 2 cases,from preoperative Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅱ to Grade 0 and Grade Ⅰ at final follow-up,respectively.At final follow-up,the Shenton line was discontinuous in 2 hips; the average lateral center-edge angle improved to 30.40°±3.31°,the average anterior center-edge angle improved to 29.50°±3.03°,the average acetabular index angle decreased to 4.50°±2.55°,the average femoral head extrusion index decreased to 9.90％±4.33％; the average Harris hip score increased to 84.10±4.07.The major complications included 3 cases of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsy which recovered in 4 to 6 months,and 1 case of iliac fossa hematoma which disappeared in 2 weeks.Conclusion With more strict surgery indication and more meticulous manipulation,periacetabular osteotomy through ilioinguinal approach can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of DDH in middle-aged adults,which can increase hip joint congruence,relieve hip symptom and delay progression of osteoarthritis.

Objective To observe the space-time patterns of damaged outer hair cells(OHCs) in rat cochlea at the early stage after exposure to impulse noise. Methods Wistar rats were exposed to 100 emissions of impulse noise (3 seconds interval between each emission) at 154 dB SPL. Four times (10 min, 30 min, 3h and 6h) after the noise exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the organs of Corti were processed for detection of OHC death modes. The apoptotic and necrotic OHCs were distinguished by propidium iodide (PI), a fluorescent probe specifically labeling the nuclear DNA. The specimens were examined under a fluorescence microscope for assessment of OHC damage. Results Nuclear chromatin began to shrink as the chromatin condensed around the nuclear periphery. The peripheral chromatin ring condensed into discrete mass. Chromatin masses appeared to bleb off from the nuclear surface, forming apoptotic bodies at 10 min after the noise exposure. There were a few swollen nuclei appeared 30 min after the noise exposure. Loss of OHC nuclei could be seen 3 h after the noise exposure. The cochlear lesion expanded to contain a large number of missing OHCs and seriously shrunken nuclei at 6 h after the noise exposure. Conclusions The results of the study indicate that death of OHCs takes place extremely rapid after the impulse noise exposure. The apoptosis of OHCs precedes necrosis. OHC apoptosis is a quick process. Most of dead outer hair cells were eliminated 6 h after the noise exposure.