Objective To investigate the effects of oxytocin on hemodynamies in patients under epidural block.Methods Twenty-six selective myomectomy patients were randomly divided into epidural block group(E) and general anesthesia group(G) with 13 cases each.Epidural anesthesia with 2 % lidocaine was performed with the blocking plane of T_6-T_8.Group G was given general anesthesia with propofol,fentanyl,remifentanyl and vecuroniurn.Oxytocin 5 U was injected in 30 s when hysteromyoma was removed and the hemodynamics was stable.MAP and HR were recorded before and after oxytocin injection.Results Compared to those before,MAP was decreased and HR was increased after oxytocin injection in both groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The decrease of MAP was slower but lasted for a longer period in group E than those in group G(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Epidural blockade may aggravate the hypotensive effect of oxytocin and inhibit oxytocin-induced HR increasise.

Objective To investigate the effect of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on thermo-regulatory function during general anesthesia in patients addicted to smoking. Methods Twenty adult male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients who had been smoking more than or equal to 10 cigarettes per day for more than or equal to 6 years were studied. The patients underwent intra-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia and were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 10 each): control group (group C) and PEEP group (group P). Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium and maintained with inhalation of 1%-2% isoflurane and continuous iv infusion of remifentanil and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In group P PEEP of 10 cm H2O was added. Temperature probe was inserted into the lower segment of esophagus and placed on the anterior chest wall, medial surface of thigh anterior surface of forearm and palmar surface of the tip of index finger. Mean skin temperature (TMSK) was calculated according to Roberts. MAP, HR, TES, TMSK and the difference between TES and TMSK (TES-MSK) were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T0 ,baseline) and every 30 min after tracheal intubation. Esophageal temperature was taken as threshold of thermo-regulatory peripheral vasoconstriction when the difference between forearm and finger tip temperature = 0 ℃. The gain in the threshold was calculated according to Sessler. Results TES and TES-MSK significantly decreased,while TMsK increased after tracheal intubation in both groups ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no signifieant difference in TES, TMSK, TES-MSK, MAP, HR, the threshold of vasoconstriction and gain between the 2 gronps ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion PEEP cannot improve thermo-regulatory function during general anesthesia in smoking-addicted patients.

Three ASA Ⅱ patients, aged 24-32 yr, weighing 56-74 kg, undergoing caesarean section with nitroglycerine for uterine smooth muscle relaxation, from May 2005 to April 2007 in our hospital, were studied. Among the 3 cases, 2 cases (39 or 40 weeks of gestation) were singleton pregnancy and 1 case (34 weeks of gestation) was twin pregnancy.Combined spinal-epidural block with an injection was used in the 3 patients and the block level was at T4-6-S3-5. The excess contraction of uterine occurred in the patient at 40 week gestation about 140 s after uterus incision and it was difficult in delivery of the fetus, trananasal administration was then performed with nitroglycerine 0.5 nag, but it was inefficient after 60 s observation. Nitroglycerine 0.2 nag was injected intravenously, 32 s later the uterine smooth muscle relaxation was good and the fetus was delivered smoothly. In the patients at 39 and 34 week gestation, nitroglycerine 0.2 mg was injected intravenously when the excess contraction of uterine occurred about 140 s after uterus incision and the 2rid fetus started to be. delivered respectively. The uterine smooth muscle relaxation was good 45 or 35 s after injection and the fetuses were delivered smoothly. Apgar score was 6-8 and 10 at 1 and 5 min after delivery in the 3 patients. The duration from hysterotomy to delivery was 195-240 s. Intravenous drip of oxytocin 20 U was given immediately after delivery, and then uterus contracted. No obvious adverse reactions were found.

BACKGROUND: Fracture of humeral ectocondyle is a kind of articular epiphyseal fracture. It is one of the most prevalent disorder of cubital articulation. The occurrence of fracture and the mechanical mechanism of treatment is not very well cognized in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stress distribution of the humeral ectocondyle in different postures so as to investigate the treatment mechanism of the humeral ectocondyle fracture.DESIGN: Computer simulation study on stress.SETTING: Department of Experimental Mechanics, Fuzhou University, and Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Peking University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Fujian Experimental Mechanic Committee of Fuzhou University between January 2000 and December 2002. Humerus from a 6-year-old. corpse (Provided by the Department of Anatomy of Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine). Instruments were computer, SUPER-SAP93 software, material sickle and measuring instrument and so on.METHODS: 9 kinds of loading conditions were simulated and added on three dimensional finite elemental model of humerus in SUPER-SAP93software, and then the stress distribution was filed out and analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The average Mises stress of lateral condylar area and humeral trochlea area.RESULTS: At flection posture of elbow, the average Mises stress of lateral condylar area was the largest while at extension posture the stresses of nodes affected by extensor tendon were larger than those of lateral condyle.CONCLUSION: At the flection posture of elbow, the fracture of lateral condyle of humerus was resulted from c9llision occurring when radius and ulna struck humerus while at extension posture, it was chiefly due to extensor tractive force. We can use extensor tractive force to reduce the fracture of lateral condyle and avoid extensor tractive force to fix it.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Shen-Mai injection(SM) on perfusion and oxygenation of intestinaltract during repeffusion in shocked rabbits. Methods:Twenty-one rabbits were divided into control group (Ⅰ,n = 6), shock-repeffusion group ( Ⅱ, n = 9) and SM group ( Ⅲ, n = 6). Intestinal intramucosal pH (pHi) of the sigrnoid colon and portalvein blood gas was observed before shock, at 1 hour after shock, 1 hour and 2 hours of reperfusion. Results: pHi and portal vein pH in group Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01), but portal vein increased obviously during reperfusion. There was a good linear positive correlation between pHi and portal vein pH. Portal vein in group Ⅱ was greater than that in group Ⅰ and had anegative correlation with pHi. pHi and portal vein pH of group Ⅲ increased signifi- cantly compared with those of goup Ⅱ ( P < 0.05), while of group Ⅲ returned to the level of group Ⅰ . MAP and CO of group m were higher than those of group Ⅱ after 1 hour or 2 hours reperfusion (P<0.05).CO of group m remained at a high level during reperfusion. But SVR of group Ⅲ was lower than that of group Ⅱ during reperfusion. Conclusion: SM im-proves perfusion and oxygenation of intestinal tract during reperfusion.

Objective To investigate the anterior trans-injured vertebral short segment limited fixation and fusion in treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods One hundred and three patients with spinal tuberculosis from 2010 to 2012 were operated by trans-anterior approach(trans-thoracic above thoracic spine 12,trans-retroperitoneal below waist spine 1)tuberculosis focus clearance and spinal canal decompression,intervertebral bone graft of vertebral structure,and short segment internal fixation for residual disease spine.Results The nerve function of the patients was effectively improved after surgery,and the imaging re-sults showed that the average lesion kyphosis angle was significantly decreased(P <0.05).The postoperative follow-up found that the bone graft was fused after half a year,and the average local kyphosis angle was still 13°,which had no obvious change compared with that after operation.In addition,the internal fixation position had no looseness and fracture,the grafted bone had no displace-ment and detachment,the four limbs movement was normal without local percussion pain or tenderness.Conclusion The anterior trans-injured vertebral short segment limited fixation and fusion has the satisfactory short term clinical efficacy in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane post-conditioningon the expression of pro apoptotic proteins in the conical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) in rats.Methods Primary cortical neurons isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats (within 24h after birth),were cultured in vitro and inoculated in 6-well culture plate (2 ml/well) at a density of 1 × 106/ml.The cells were divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group(group C),OGD/R group,and isoflurane post-conditioning group (Ⅰ group).In OGD/R group,the cells were incubated in glucose-free BBS aerated with 95 ％ N2 for 30 min followed by restoration of 2-glucose supply for 1 h.At 24 h of incubation,the cells were collected for detection of neuronal apoptosis (.using Hoechst/PI staining),caspase-3 expression (by Western blot),expression of Bid,Bim and Puma mRNA (by PCR),and expression of Bid,Bim and Puma (by Western blot).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with S group,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the expression of caspase-3 and Bid,Bim and Puma mRNA and protein was upregulated in OGD/R group.The apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 and Bid,Bim and Puma mRNA and protein were significantly lower in Ⅰ group than in OGD/R group.Conclusion Isofluranepost-conditioning inhibits apoptosis in the cortical neurons exposed to OGD/R through down-regulating pm-apoptotic proteins in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of muscle relaxant antagonism on patients with residual paralysis in postanesthesia care unit (PACU).Methods The similar patients who were daily accepted into PACU were chosen to make pairs,and were randomly divided into experimental (J; n =26) and control (F; n =26) groups.On arrival to the PACU,the train-of-four ratio (TO-Fr) was assessed using electromyography.When TOFr reached 4,Grour J was given with neostigmine 40 μg/kg and atropine 20 μg/kg; Group F was given with 5ml saline.Extubation was determined with standard clinical criteria.We recorded TOFr,PaO2,PaCO2at the time point of extubation,SpO2 at the time point of left the PACU,the stay time in PACU,the incidence of respiratory dysfunction,and the side effect.Results The TOFr at the time point of extubation in group J (0.96 ± 0.04) was significantly higher than group F (0.92 ±0.06) (P ＜0.05).The stay time in PACU in group J [(26 ±5)min] was significantly less than group F [(33 ±7) min] (P ＜ 0.01).PaO2,PaCO2,extubation time,and SpO2 were no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Two patients in group F had respiratory dysfunction.There was no incidence of postoperative nausea,vomiting,and other side effects in two groups.Conclusions Regular muscle relaxant antagonism lowered the risk of postoperative residual muscle relaxant effect,shortened the PACU residence time,and had no postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) and other side effects.

Objective To investigate the change of event-related potentials(ERPs)N400 and its significances in children with Tic disorders.Methods N400 of 35 children with Tic disorders(case group)and 20 healthy children(control group)were taken.The results of case group and control group were compared with each other.Results N400 latency of the case group was(706.87?198.99)ms,and the amplitude was(26.12?13.64)?V;N400 latency of the control group was(485.75?85.76)ms,the amplitude was(22.35?19.76)?V.There was obvious difference in latency between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion ERPs N400 latency of children with Tic disorders prolong obviously which shows cognitive dysfunction in the patients.

Objective To find out an optimal anesthesia and the d osage used in painless gastroscopy, and to evaluate its efficiency. Meth ods 200 patients undergoing painless gastroscopy were divided into 4 gr oups randomly. 2?g/kg iv of propofol was used in group Ⅰ, fentani 1?g/kg + pr opofol 2?g/kg in group Ⅱ, rimifentani 0.5?g/kg + propofol 1.5?g/kg in grou p Ⅲ, and rimifentani 0.75?g/kg + propofol 0.75?g/kg in group Ⅳ. Observed o bjects induced starting time and depth of anaesthesia, HR, R and SpO2 during o peration, side effects such as cough reflex and larynx spasm, time of regaining consciousness, postoperative side effects such as nausea and vomiting. R esult Significant differences (P≤0.01) were found between group Ⅳand the other 3 groups in starting time and depth of anaesthesia, side effects , time of regaining consciousness and suppression of respiration during operatio n. Conclusion Combined rimifentani 0.75?g/kg + propofol 0.75 ?g/kg are optimal anestheties in painless gastroscopy if side effects are preve nted.