Pulmonary function testing is essential for early detection,evaluation of severity and prognosis of respiratory diseases,evaluation of drugs and other therapy effects,identification of pathological changes of breathing difficulties,and assessment in surgery tolerance,etc.With the development of children lung function testing and the study of various infectious and non-infectious diseases,lung function test in children will be gradually and widely used in pediatric clinical research and practice.This review summarizes the methods of children lung function testing and clinical applications at home and abroad.

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common,especially the obstructive sleep apnea,and the severity increases as pregnancy progresses.The review identifies the risk factors,possible mechanisms and clinical manifestations for sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy through investigating pregnant women,approaches the relationship between sleep disordered breathing in pregnant women and the complications of the mother and fetus,especially between the obstructive sleep apnea and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus,and the treatment of sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy.

0.05).The correlation of reduction of intra-disc pressure and accumulation of ablation time was positive.Compared with intra-disc pressure in control group,the pressure change of all ablation groups was statistically significant(P

Objective To investigate the effects of oxytocin on hemodynamies in patients under epidural block.Methods Twenty-six selective myomectomy patients were randomly divided into epidural block group(E) and general anesthesia group(G) with 13 cases each.Epidural anesthesia with 2 % lidocaine was performed with the blocking plane of T_6-T_8.Group G was given general anesthesia with propofol,fentanyl,remifentanyl and vecuroniurn.Oxytocin 5 U was injected in 30 s when hysteromyoma was removed and the hemodynamics was stable.MAP and HR were recorded before and after oxytocin injection.Results Compared to those before,MAP was decreased and HR was increased after oxytocin injection in both groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The decrease of MAP was slower but lasted for a longer period in group E than those in group G(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Epidural blockade may aggravate the hypotensive effect of oxytocin and inhibit oxytocin-induced HR increasise.

目的探讨盐酸米托蒽醌(MTZ)膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床疗效。方法对63例浅表性膀胱癌患者行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术或膀胱部份切除术,术后用米托蒽醌12mg进行膀胱灌注,随访6—30月。 结果63例患者均未见全身性药物不良反应,复发6例(9.2%)。结论米托蒽醌膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发疗效满意,安全性好。

BACKGROUND:There are studies on three-dimensional finite element analysis of total knee replacement, but few research concerns contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. METHODS:We established three-dimensional finite element models of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement and compared contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was minimum at 0° of genuflex. The peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner was higher than that outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was higher than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 60°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was maximum at 0° of genuflex. The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-30° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was lower than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 30°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). These results suggested that peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner of fixed and rotating platform prostheses was higher than that outside in total knee replacement, and the inside contact area was lower than that of outside. Inside and outside contact pressure of the rotating platform prosthesis was lower than that of fixed platform prosthesis. Inside and outside contact area of the rotating platform prosthesis was higher than that of fixed platform prosthesis.

Objective:To improve the efficient use of assets, prevent and eliminate the waste and loss.Methods: We improved the standards of medical scrapped evaluation and made full use of the residual value of scrapped equipment for the issues that the program and technical appraisal of medical scrapped evaluation were not standardized, the residual value was not accurate and the disposal was too careless, etc.Results: The residual value was useful for the standard and reasonable approval process of scrapped medical equipment.Conclusion: The perfect disposal process of medical equipment ensures that the fixed assets of hospital are complete and security. Making full use of residual value of the scrapped equipment can increase efficiency of the use of hospital assets and eliminate the waste of assets.

Objective To evaluate the validity of shifts management by group schedule comprising doctors,nurses and sanita-ry cleaners simultaneously on the basis of echelon allocation in Ebola Treatment Unit(ETU)of China.Methods According to the characteristics of Ebola infectious disease prevention and control,working schedule was designed basing on the medical staff compo-sition,working duration and job responsibilities.The validity of this schedule was evaluated by hospital admission time,discharge time,PPE supplies consumption,the error frequence of PPE wearing or uncoating and staff satisfaction.Results Through this mode of shift management,hospital admission time and discharge time were shortened,PPE supplies consumption and the error fre-quence of PPE wearing or uncoating were decreased,the satisfaction degree were improved among doctors,nurses and sanitary cleaners(P <0.01).Conclusion The application of this new style working schedule could ensure the nursing services to be procee-ded safely and smoothly.

Objective To investigate the changes in tidal breathing lung function of severe pneumonia in re-covery phase and correlation with the condition and prognosis in infants and the young children.Methods Tidal breathing lung function of 44 cases of severe pneumonia infants and 50 cases of mild pneumonia infants in their recovery phase were measured by infantile spirometer made in Germany.According to ratio of exhaled volume at peak tidal expi-ratory flow to total expiratory volume(VPTEF /VE),severe pneumonia infants were divided into normal,mild,moderate and severe groups.All these children were followed up for the frequency of rehospitalization because of lower respiratory tract infections and the frequency of wheezing within 1 year after discharge.Statistical were analyzed by using t test andχ2 test.Results Compared with the mild pneumonia infants,the respiratory rate(RR)of the severe pneumonia infants was significantly increased [(36.31 ±0.78)times/min vs (30.83 ±0.74)times/min](P <0.01 );inspiratory time to expiratory time ratio(TI /TE)(0.65 ±0.01 vs 0.71 ±0.01 ),exhaled time at peak tidal expiratory flow(TPTEF) [(0.24 ±0.08)s vs (0.31 ±0.04)s]were significantly decreased (all P <0.01 );ratio of TPTEF to expiratory time (TPTEF /TE)[(1 9.1 5 ±0.77)% vs (23.00 ±0.51 )%],VPTEF /VE[(21 .28 ±0.86)vs (25.42 ±0.56)%]were significantly decreased (all P <0.01 ).The frequency of rehospitalization because of lower respiratory tract infections (χ2 =30.50,P <0.01 )and the frequency of wheezing within 1 year after discharge(χ2 =23.43,P <0.01 )in the severe pneumonia group were significantly higher than those of the mild pneumonia group;in the groups with different lung function damage by severe pneumonia,the frequency of rehospitalization because of lower respiratory tract infections (χ2 =1 0.64,P =0.033;χ2 =20.81 ,P =0.001 )and the frequency of wheezing (χ2 =1 0.53,P =0.037;χ2 =21 .25, P =0.001 )within 1 year after discharge in mild and severe group were significantly higher than those of the mild group,while there was no significant difference between normal group and mild group (P >0.05).Thirteen cases of se-vere pneumonia infants were followed up for 1 year.Of all these 1 3 cases,pulmonary function in 1 case restored to nor-mal within 3 months;that of 6 cases restored to normal within 6 months;the conditions of 3 cases restored to normal within 1 year;while the pulmonary function of other 3 cases was still abnormal 1 year after discharge.Conclusions Lung function damage of severe pneumonia infants is more serious than the mild pneumonia in infants in their recovery phase.For severe pneumonia infants,the more serious of lung function damages,the more likely to be re -hospitaliza-tion because of lower respiratory tract infections and wheezing in short time.

Objective To explore the concentration of required residual available chlorine dioxide(ClO 2 )and optimun contact time for ClO 2 disinfection in order to ensure the microbiological indexes of waste water of hospital disinfected by ClO 2 qualified.Meth ods The waste water samples collected from hospital,to which were aritificially added with predetermined con-centrations of bacteria,were disinfected by various concentrations of ClO 2 (2?4?6?8?10?12mg /L)with various contact time (5?10?30?60?90min).After disinfection,the concentration of residual ClO 2 and the contents of microorganism in waste water samples were determined.Re sults After30-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water sample originally containing1.52?10 2 /L E.coli showed a bactericidal rate of99.99%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2.5mg /L.After10-min disin-fection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples originally containing1.12?10 10 /L Salmonella showed a bactericidal rate of100%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2mg /L.After5-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples o-riginally containing M.tu berculosis at concentration of++++showed a negative result and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at3.5mg/L.Conclusion After the primary treatment,ClO 2 disinfection with contact time of30minutes and a residual concentration of ClO 2 at2.5mg /L could ensure the germicidal effect for E.coli,Salmonella and M.tu berculosis in waste water of hospital qualified.