Reactive oxygen species(ROS) resulting from oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.It induces cell apoptosis and accelerates the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy through mitochondrial activation,DNA oxidative injury and influence on gene expression.Reducing ROS formation and blocking the pathway of cell apoptosis activated by ROS may become a new target in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Chronic Disease ; Graft vs Host Disease ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylosis is a common disease in middleaged and elderly people. There are many methods of rehabilitative treatment such as traction, massage, medical gymnastics, acupuncture and local blocking, etc.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of rehabilitative exercise on patients with cervical spondylosis by way of quantitative generalized boxing exercise combined with local cervical medical exercise.DESIGN: Self-control study on patients with cervical spondylosis in the community for 3 monthsSETTING: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University PARTICIPANTS: The indoor questionnaire investigation about chronic diseases in community was carried out on 1 457 inhabitants with the age from 35 to 74 in a community of South Nanjing district, Shanghai in order to check out the patients with cervical spondylosis who had been diagnosed confirmatively by hospital and exclude the patients with the disease of spinal cord type. There were total 114 patients volunteering to participate in the 3-month rehabilitative treatment with an informed content, including of 12 with cervical type of the disease, 39 with nerve root type, 23 with vertebroarterial type, 5 with sympathetic nerve type, 35 with mixed type and none with spinal cord type.METHODS: 3-month rehabilitative exercise was carried out for the 114 patients with cervical spondylosis.① One or several kinds of generalized boxing exercise such as shadow boxing, eighteen-gesture training practice and joint exercise were chosen by the patients according to their own in terest and physical energy. It was required that patient exercise was done for 3 months with one time a day, and each time for no less than 30 minutes, with the intensity after each exercise arriving to the target heart rate level of 170 subtracting their age. ② Aiming to exercise the cervicalshoulder part and to relax its related functions, the local cervical medical exercise has 12 procedures including turning left and right, moving neck around, shrinking head and relaxing shoulders, stretching neck and extending back, turning head and watching the moon, waving arms, putting up arms, lifting chest and squaring elbows, and trying hard to stretch neck.It was required that each procedure be repeated 5 to 10 times at the beginning and later more times increasing gradually, and the whole set of exercise be practiced for 3 months with lor 2 times each day and each time lasted at least 10 minutes.③No other treatment was performed by the patients except for the above exercise intervention. The effects were evaluated after 3 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The evaluated results of the curative effect in all patients with 3-month rehabilitative exercise.② Relationship between types of cervical spondylosis and curative effect ③ Relationship between course of disease and curative effect RESULTS: According to the intention-to-treat analysis, all the 114 patients persisting in the 3-month exercise intervention entered the result analysis. The curative effect evaluation: among the 114 patients, 44 were with the general curative effect, 40 with marked improvement, 25 with improvement, 5 with inefficacy. The percentage of the general curative and marked improved is 73.7%, and that of total improvement is 95.6% The clinical manifestations of all patients with cervical spondylosis including cervicoscapulargia, radioactive numb and pain in unilateral or bilateral upper arms, dizziness, tinnitus, headache, etc.were distinctively improved ② Relationship between the types of cervical spondylosis and curative effect: after 3-month treatment of rehabilitative exercise, the percentage of the general curative effect and marked improvement in patients with cervical type and nerve root type was higher than that in patients with verteboarterial type, sympathetic nerve type and mixed type (91.7%,97.4%, 47.8% ,20.0% ,65.7% respectively and p value below 0.01). ③ Relationship between the course of cervical spondylosis and curative effects: the percentage of the general curative effect and marked improvement in patients with the course of less than one year is 90.9% and that in patients with the course of 1 to 5 years is 88.6%, which were all higher than that in patients with a course of 5 more years (p value below 0.01).CONCLUSION: Quantitative generalized boxing exercise combined with local cervical medical exercise is helpful to improve the radiculopathy symptoms, but only combined with other treatments could patients with vertebroarterial type receive the best curative effect. In addition, there is a certain relation between the course of disease and curative effect, and patients with cervical spondylosis should be treated with rehabilitative exercise as early as possible, which suggestes that it is worthy of popularization that patients with cervical spondylosis are organized to practice quantitative boxing exercise combined with cervical medical exercise in the community.

Objective:To compare amony ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Methods:Cost-effectiveness was comparitively analysed by using the principle of pharmacoeconomics with ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Results:Three drugs in the treatment of lower respiratory trace infection, while cost of penicillin was the lowest.　Conclusion:Penicillin is a first selective drugs for lower respiratory tract infection.

To understand the present situation of sport participation in community residents of Shanghai，study infecting factors to the regular sport participation rate and evaluate recognition degree of the relationship of sport and chronic disease，we carried out questionnaire survey indoors among the permanent residents,aged 35～74,in East Nanjing Road community, including survey on chronic disease and sport participation situation. The material was statistically analyzed and the related factors were proved by x2 test. The results showed that in 1457 permanent residents,470 regularly participat in sport, and were classified as sport population. The prevalence was 32.3%.The gender, age, education level, occupation and chronic disease had statistical significance (P<0.05) and they were probably infecting factors of the regular sport participation rate. Currently,the regular sport participation rate in community is relatively high and the purpose of sport participation was evident, however, the age structure of sport population was imbalance. The sport participation in residents was individualized and without proper scientific instruction.

Objective To investigate the effects of muscle relaxant antagonism on patients with residual paralysis in postanesthesia care unit (PACU).Methods The similar patients who were daily accepted into PACU were chosen to make pairs,and were randomly divided into experimental (J; n =26) and control (F; n =26) groups.On arrival to the PACU,the train-of-four ratio (TO-Fr) was assessed using electromyography.When TOFr reached 4,Grour J was given with neostigmine 40 μg/kg and atropine 20 μg/kg; Group F was given with 5ml saline.Extubation was determined with standard clinical criteria.We recorded TOFr,PaO2,PaCO2at the time point of extubation,SpO2 at the time point of left the PACU,the stay time in PACU,the incidence of respiratory dysfunction,and the side effect.Results The TOFr at the time point of extubation in group J (0.96 ± 0.04) was significantly higher than group F (0.92 ±0.06) (P ＜0.05).The stay time in PACU in group J [(26 ±5)min] was significantly less than group F [(33 ±7) min] (P ＜ 0.01).PaO2,PaCO2,extubation time,and SpO2 were no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Two patients in group F had respiratory dysfunction.There was no incidence of postoperative nausea,vomiting,and other side effects in two groups.Conclusions Regular muscle relaxant antagonism lowered the risk of postoperative residual muscle relaxant effect,shortened the PACU residence time,and had no postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) and other side effects.

Objective To investigate unhealthy behaviors and their influence on community residents,and to evaluate the effectiveness of modified behaviors. Methods A total of 1230 community residents were randomly enrolled from 8 of 16 communities in Yantian District of Shenzhen City. The behavior information of the participants was collected through face-to-face interviews. A systematic intervention was carried out to the target residents, and the outcomes were evaluated. Results The awareness of healthy behaviors was improved and unhealthy behaviors (i. e. lack of physical activity,over-intake of salt, cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption,irregular health check-up, long-time watching TV) were significantly reduced ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions Systematic intervention could be an effective way to reduce unhealthy behaviors of community residents.

0.05) . Significant decreases of contents of 14 kinds of macro-elements and trace elements in purified water were found compared with those in water samples after activated carbon filtration (t = 2.496 9-5.261 7, F2 and showed significant dose-response relationship respectively (r = 0.980, P

BACKGROUND:There are studies on three-dimensional finite element analysis of total knee replacement, but few research concerns contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. METHODS:We established three-dimensional finite element models of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement and compared contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was minimum at 0° of genuflex. The peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner was higher than that outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was higher than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 60°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was maximum at 0° of genuflex. The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-30° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was lower than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 30°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). These results suggested that peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner of fixed and rotating platform prostheses was higher than that outside in total knee replacement, and the inside contact area was lower than that of outside. Inside and outside contact pressure of the rotating platform prosthesis was lower than that of fixed platform prosthesis. Inside and outside contact area of the rotating platform prosthesis was higher than that of fixed platform prosthesis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in breast neoplasms and to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate,to promote closer communication betwen clinicians and ~pathologists ,mutually increase an understanding of frozen sections, and thus decrease the rate of misdiagnosis. Methods The diagnostic reports of intraoperative frozen sections and paraffin sections of 590 cases with breast neoplasms taken in the recent 8 and a half years were analyzed retrospectively. Results 586 cases (~99.32 %) of intraoperative frozen sections were diagnosed correctly and 4(0.68%) were misdiagnosed. In the 4 misdiagnosed cases,2 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma were misdiagnosed as benign lesions,due to questionable quality of the slides,and 2 cases of lobular cystic sarcoma were misdiagnosed as fibroadeuoma,due to removal of insufficient specimen.Conclusions The chief causes of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of frozen sections are specimen limitations,varied morphology of the lesions,and quality of the frozen sections.When there is familiarity with the main aspects of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast pathology and enhancement of communication between the surgeon and pathologist,then frozen section of breast masses is an accurate and reliable method of investigation.