Trospium chloride is an anticholinergic agent with predominantly peripheral nonselective antimuscarinic activity and water solubility. It has potential therapeutic value in decreasing detrusor contracivity and tonity, so as to increase predominantly mean maximal bladder capacity and compliance. Multicenter studys showed that the tolerability and efficacy of trospium chloride was as same as oxybutynin and better than toterodine. Adverse events of trospium chloride is the same as other anticholinergic agents, however its specially constitutional feature so as not to have toxicity to central nervous system. Trospium chloride has potential therapeutic value in the neurourological rehabilitation.

AIM:To investigate the role of peripheral blood leukocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) on intestinal injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in rats. METHODS: Twenty adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-230 g, were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (CON) consisting of 10 rats was subjected to laparotomy and separation of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) only. The ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group consisting of 10 rats, was subjected to laparotomy, followed by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) by an atraumatic microvascular clamp for 30 min. At the end of ischemic period in IR, the microvascular clamp was removed and the intestinal segment was reperfused for 60 min. The pathological changes of the ileal mucosal tissue were evaluated. The apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells was examined by terminal deoxylnucleotidy-l transferase mediated-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The enzymatic activity of casapse-3 in mucosal cells was determined using a colorimetric assay. The percentages of apoptotic peripheral blood leukocytes and PMNs were measured by flow cytometry using Annexin-V/PI double staining assay. The numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes in each animal was measured at baseline, 30 min of ischemia, and 30 min and 60 min of reperfusion. RESULTS: (1) Compared to CON group animals, the most severe mucosal injury was observed in IR group under optical microscope. (2) The number of apoptotic mucosal epithelia cells and enzymatic activity of caspase-3 were significantly higher in IR than those in CON group (P

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a type of mood disorder characterized by a significant and persistent group of depressive symptoms. Gut microbiota may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MDD. It has been found that the gut microbiota composition of MDD patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls, and depression phenotype can be transferred to rodents by fecal microbiota transplantation. Nevertheless, the mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis contributing to depression is complicated, and it is currently accepted that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a crucial part. A set of probiotics and prebiotics have been found to have antidepressant properties, and related microbial therapies are expected to become an important method for treating depression and other mental diseases in the future.

Objective The aim of this paper is to describe the designing and implementation of a web-based plasma glucose measurement quality monitoring system to assess the analytical quality of plasma glucose measurements in multicenter population study and provide evidence for the future studies.Methods In the chronic non-communicable disease and related factor surveillance in China,a web based quality monitoring system for plasma glucose measurement was established to conduct evaluation on plasma glucose monitoring quality and effectiveness in 302 surveillance centers,including quality control data entry,transmission and feedback.Results The majority of the surveillance centers met the quality requirements and passed the evaluation of reproducibility and precision of plasma glucose measurement,only a few centers required intensive training and re-assessment.Conclusion In order to ensure the completeness and reliability of plasma glucose measurement in the surveillance centers,the establishment of web-based plasma glucose measurement quality control system can facilitate the identification of the qualified surveillance centers and evaluation of plasma glucose measurement quality in different regions.Communication and training are important in ensuring plasma glucose measurement quality.It is necessary to further improve this web-based plasma glucose measurement quality monitoring system in the future to reduce the method specific plasma glucose measurement bias.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between insulin resistance and alterations in gut microbiota using the animal model of insulin resistance(eLtaS transgenic mice).Methods:Glucose tolerance was measured in eLtaS trans mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Faecal samples of mice were collected for metagenomics and 16S rDNA sequencing. Alterations of gut microbiota in eLtaS trans mice were further analyzed. Faeces from eLtaS trans mice were transplanted into WT mice by " dirty cage" sharing experiment, and glucose tolerance of mice was measured at different time points after transplantation. Results:Significant differences in composition and function of gut microbiota were observed between eLtaS trans mice and WT mice( P=0.028). Compared with WT mice, the diversity of gut microbiota in eLtaS trans mice increased evidently, moreover the relative abundance of Phylum Firmicutes in eLtaS trans mice significantly increased( P<0.001). However, the relative abundance of Phylum Bacteroides and Phylum Verrucomicrobia decreased visibly( P=0.042, P=0.033). The relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacterides distasonis related to metabolic diseases decreased significantly in eLtaS trans mice( P=0.033, P=0.013). The gut microbiota of eLtaS trans mice was clearly different from that of WT mice in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, metabolism of other amino acids, energy production and transformation. The glucose tolerance of WT mice was impaired at 7th, 8th and 9th week after faecal transplantation, and recovered at 1 week after cessation of faecal transplantation. Conclusion:Insulin resistance leads to obvious changes of gut microbiota in mice, meanwhile the gut microbiota of insulin resistance mice can further induce impaired glucose tolerance.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the blood use of transfusion-dependent thalassemia(TDT)patients in 9 designated transfusion medical institutions from 2018 to 2023 in Nanning,and to evaluate the effect of"three designated"blood transfusion mode(hereby means TDT patients undergoing blood transfusion in designated transfusion medical institu-tions regularly)and"collection-based-supply"blood management mode on blood security of TDT patients.Methods The"three designated"blood transfusion mode was implemented to ensure that TDT patients registered in the local household registration(referred to as the"register")obtain the rights and interests of outpatient transfusion and blood security of des-ignated medical institutions.The"collection-based-supply"blood management mode was implemented to assess the blood needs of"register"TDT patients and meet their needs to the maximum extent according to the blood inventory(collection).Results From 2018 to 2023,the total blood supply of"register"TDT patients was 10.37%of the total red blood supply of all medical institutions(138 509.5 U/1 335 788.0 U),with the highest proportion of type O blood as 46.34%(64 181.0 U/138 509.5 U)and the lowest proportion of type AB blood as 3.85%(5 331.0 U/138 509.5 U).In 2018,9 transfusion medical institutions were designated for TDT patients.There were a total of 766 TDT patients in the register,with the per ca-pita annual blood transfusion volume increased from20.28 U(15 531.0 U/766 patients)in2018 to36.01 U(27 586.0 U/766 patients)in 2023,maintaining a positive growth every year(30.26%,4.94%,11.71%,8.61%,4.94%and 7.10%).Conclusion The"three designated"blood transfusion mode and the"collection-based-supply"blood management mode can effectively guarantee the blood supply of TDT patients.