0.05).CONCLUSION:Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were alike for both have confirmed efficacy and safety for AECOPD and can be used as empirical anti-infective medicine.

The LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors play essential roles in pituitary gland.Nervous system developments play certain roles in some cancers,leukemia,and deafness disease.Mutations in the genes encoding these regulatory proteins are closely associated with combined hormone deficiency diseases in human and animal models,and related to nervous system defect,tumors,leukemia and deafness.Analysis of these diseases and the biochemical properties of the LHX3 and LHX4 protein will facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.LHX3 and LHX4 are reviewed in this paper.

High mobility group box l protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved non-histone DNA binding protein,which is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells.HMGB1 is an important proinflammatory cytokine,involving in various pathological and physiological processes,such as inflammation,neurogenesis and angiogenesis.In the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage,HMGB1 can induce secondary brain injury,such as inflammatory reaction,neuronal necrosis,and brain edema.However,in the late stage of intracerebral hemorrhage,HMGB1 can promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis,and thus improving neurological function.HMGB1 will become a novel therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the future.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is that cells undergo a switch from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype.Recent researches show that EMT can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer through a variety of mechanisms and promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells.The process of EMT involves a number of signal transduction pathways,and is related to microRNAs,Helicobacter pylori,transcription factors and so on.EMT is expected to be a novel therapeutic target of gastric cancer.

The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been used for the treatment of various incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency, and is considered as the gold standard treatment for incontinence after a prostatectomy. The long-term satisfaction rates exceed 80%, but almost a third of patients with AUS require revision surgery within 5 years. This paper reviewed the common complications of AUS implantation and the treatment.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of tolterodine in treating detrusor hyperreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury.Methods50 patients of spinal cord injury patients with detrusor hyperreflexia were involved in this study.The data from voiding diary were evaluated 7 days before and after the patients being treated with tolterodine 2 mg twice daily.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment,the functional bladder volume increased from(114.0±44.3) ml to(207.7±54.9) ml,the mean frequency of micturition decreased from(8.9±2.7) /d to(4.6±2.5) /d,the mean volume of incontinence decreased from(646.7±348.9) ml to(426.6±291.3) ml,the mean frequency of incontinence decreased from(7.8±3.1) /d to(4.8±3.2) /d,which were all statistically different before and after treatment.5 patients felt dry mouth,but they could tolerated it.ConclusionTolterodine is an effective and well tolerable antimuscarinic agent for treating detrusor hyperreflexia after spinal cord injury.

Purpose To study the effect and mechanism of miR-199a-5p on the invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Meth-ods miR-199a-5p mimic was transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells. Influence of miR-199a-5p on the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cell was displayed by Transwell, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) molecular markers ( E-cadherin, vimentin) regulated by miR-199a-5p was determined using immunofluorescence and Western blot. Western blot was employed to assess the levels of ERK5, pERK5, EGF and SP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells dealt with miR-199a-5p mimic and LNA-siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipita-tion (CHIP) was applied for displaying the reaction of SP1 with ERK5 promoter. Results miR-199a-5p could inhibit the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, decrease the expression of vimentin and enhance E-cadherin. Meanwhile, miR-199a-5p decreased the expression of ERK5 and pERK5, the levels of EGF and SP1 were also downregulated. On the contrary, the levels of EGF, SP1, ERK5 and pERK5 were enhanced by employing LNA-siRNA targeting miR-199a-5p. SP1 could bind with ERK5 promoter. Conclusions miR-199a-5p could reduce the expression of ERK5 and pERK5 through regulating EGF and SP1, which functioning the inhibitory effect on invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamics characteristics of continuously infused cisatracurium besylate during total intravenous anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients undergoing elective oromaxillo-facial region surgeon were randomly divided into 4 groups. 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 μg/ (kg · min ) of cisatracurium besylate was continuously infused differently in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ, and 0.1 mg/kg of cisatracurinm besylate was injured interruptedly into group Ⅳ after anesthesia induction. Neuromuscular function was assessed using an accelerometer with train-of-four (TOF) stimulation, the maximum depression of T1and times to T1 recovered to 25%(the clinic time), 75%, 90%(the vivo time) were noted. The recovery index (time of T1 recovery from 25% to 75%) was also calculated. Results The drug consumptions of cisatracurium besylate in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were diminished than those in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ [(59.1±9.6),(116.7±11.5)μg/kg vs (174.9±23.1), (177.2±20.4) μg/kg](P<0.01), and group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ were nearly (P>0.05 ). The maximum depression of T1, the clinic time and the vivo time in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ were smaller than those in group Ⅳ [ ( 18.5±3.6)%, (6.4±2.7)%, 0 vs (25.0±0.0)% ] (P < 0.01 ), but there were. No significant differences in recovery index in 4 groups. The maximum depression was diminished (P< 0.01 ) and the clinic time and the vivo time were prolonged (P<0.05) with the inerease of the dosage of cisatracurium besylate in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Conclusions With no cumulative effect, the duration of recovery of muscle relaxation is shortened and the recovery index of continuously infused eisatracurium besylate is prolonged. It indicates that the cisatracurium besylate is suitable for the continuously infusion for surgeon patients.

Objective To study the method which was used to prepare naproxen microcapsule with alginate-chitosan by means of a complex coacervation method in an emulsion system.MethodsThe orthogonal experimental design using the standard of drug encapsulation was applied to optimize the preparation procedure of the microcapsules.Results The optimal preparation condition was as follows: r=500r?min-1,pH=4.0,C(chitosan)=3%,T=50℃.Conclusion This method was reproducible,and the results of the experiment in vitro indicated that the microcapsule obtained under these conditions may sustained release of drugs.

Objective:To compare amony ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Methods:Cost-effectiveness was comparitively analysed by using the principle of pharmacoeconomics with ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Results:Three drugs in the treatment of lower respiratory trace infection, while cost of penicillin was the lowest.　Conclusion:Penicillin is a first selective drugs for lower respiratory tract infection.