Pulmonary function testing is essential for early detection,evaluation of severity and prognosis of respiratory diseases,evaluation of drugs and other therapy effects,identification of pathological changes of breathing difficulties,and assessment in surgery tolerance,etc.With the development of children lung function testing and the study of various infectious and non-infectious diseases,lung function test in children will be gradually and widely used in pediatric clinical research and practice.This review summarizes the methods of children lung function testing and clinical applications at home and abroad.

Objective To investigate the effects of oxytocin on hemodynamies in patients under epidural block.Methods Twenty-six selective myomectomy patients were randomly divided into epidural block group(E) and general anesthesia group(G) with 13 cases each.Epidural anesthesia with 2 % lidocaine was performed with the blocking plane of T_6-T_8.Group G was given general anesthesia with propofol,fentanyl,remifentanyl and vecuroniurn.Oxytocin 5 U was injected in 30 s when hysteromyoma was removed and the hemodynamics was stable.MAP and HR were recorded before and after oxytocin injection.Results Compared to those before,MAP was decreased and HR was increased after oxytocin injection in both groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The decrease of MAP was slower but lasted for a longer period in group E than those in group G(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Epidural blockade may aggravate the hypotensive effect of oxytocin and inhibit oxytocin-induced HR increasise.

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common,especially the obstructive sleep apnea,and the severity increases as pregnancy progresses.The review identifies the risk factors,possible mechanisms and clinical manifestations for sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy through investigating pregnant women,approaches the relationship between sleep disordered breathing in pregnant women and the complications of the mother and fetus,especially between the obstructive sleep apnea and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus,and the treatment of sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy.

0.05).The correlation of reduction of intra-disc pressure and accumulation of ablation time was positive.Compared with intra-disc pressure in control group,the pressure change of all ablation groups was statistically significant(P

目的探讨盐酸米托蒽醌(MTZ)膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床疗效。方法对63例浅表性膀胱癌患者行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术或膀胱部份切除术,术后用米托蒽醌12mg进行膀胱灌注,随访6—30月。 结果63例患者均未见全身性药物不良反应,复发6例(9.2%)。结论米托蒽醌膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发疗效满意,安全性好。

Objective:To improve the efficient use of assets, prevent and eliminate the waste and loss.Methods: We improved the standards of medical scrapped evaluation and made full use of the residual value of scrapped equipment for the issues that the program and technical appraisal of medical scrapped evaluation were not standardized, the residual value was not accurate and the disposal was too careless, etc.Results: The residual value was useful for the standard and reasonable approval process of scrapped medical equipment.Conclusion: The perfect disposal process of medical equipment ensures that the fixed assets of hospital are complete and security. Making full use of residual value of the scrapped equipment can increase efficiency of the use of hospital assets and eliminate the waste of assets.

BACKGROUND:There are studies on three-dimensional finite element analysis of total knee replacement, but few research concerns contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. METHODS:We established three-dimensional finite element models of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement and compared contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was minimum at 0° of genuflex. The peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner was higher than that outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was higher than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 60°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was maximum at 0° of genuflex. The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-30° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was lower than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 30°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). These results suggested that peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner of fixed and rotating platform prostheses was higher than that outside in total knee replacement, and the inside contact area was lower than that of outside. Inside and outside contact pressure of the rotating platform prosthesis was lower than that of fixed platform prosthesis. Inside and outside contact area of the rotating platform prosthesis was higher than that of fixed platform prosthesis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane post-conditioningon the expression of pro apoptotic proteins in the conical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) in rats.Methods Primary cortical neurons isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats (within 24h after birth),were cultured in vitro and inoculated in 6-well culture plate (2 ml/well) at a density of 1 × 106/ml.The cells were divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group(group C),OGD/R group,and isoflurane post-conditioning group (Ⅰ group).In OGD/R group,the cells were incubated in glucose-free BBS aerated with 95 ％ N2 for 30 min followed by restoration of 2-glucose supply for 1 h.At 24 h of incubation,the cells were collected for detection of neuronal apoptosis (.using Hoechst/PI staining),caspase-3 expression (by Western blot),expression of Bid,Bim and Puma mRNA (by PCR),and expression of Bid,Bim and Puma (by Western blot).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with S group,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the expression of caspase-3 and Bid,Bim and Puma mRNA and protein was upregulated in OGD/R group.The apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 and Bid,Bim and Puma mRNA and protein were significantly lower in Ⅰ group than in OGD/R group.Conclusion Isofluranepost-conditioning inhibits apoptosis in the cortical neurons exposed to OGD/R through down-regulating pm-apoptotic proteins in rats.

Objective To evaluate the validity of shifts management by group schedule comprising doctors,nurses and sanita-ry cleaners simultaneously on the basis of echelon allocation in Ebola Treatment Unit(ETU)of China.Methods According to the characteristics of Ebola infectious disease prevention and control,working schedule was designed basing on the medical staff compo-sition,working duration and job responsibilities.The validity of this schedule was evaluated by hospital admission time,discharge time,PPE supplies consumption,the error frequence of PPE wearing or uncoating and staff satisfaction.Results Through this mode of shift management,hospital admission time and discharge time were shortened,PPE supplies consumption and the error fre-quence of PPE wearing or uncoating were decreased,the satisfaction degree were improved among doctors,nurses and sanitary cleaners(P <0.01).Conclusion The application of this new style working schedule could ensure the nursing services to be procee-ded safely and smoothly.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as scaffold in cystoplasty augmentation for treating the neurogenic bladder.Methods We retrospectively reviewed our database of 14 patients with neurogenic bladder,including ten male and four female,between January 2011 and March 2014.The mean age in those patients was 29 years old (range 14-56 years old).The etiology of neurogenic bladder included myelomeningoceles in 8 cases and spinal cord injuries in 6 cases.The urodynamic examination showed that the mean volume of maximal bladder pressure was (150.1± 64.2) ml,mean bladder compliance was (5.2± 3.9) ml/cmH2O,maximal detrusor pressure was (44.1 ± 29.2) cmH2O.The SIS cystoplasty was performed in all patients,which the Surgisis(R) ES was used during operation.In order to enlarge the bladder,the 4-layer tissue graft was fashioned into a strap shape,rehydrated and continuously sutured to the mucous edge of opening bladder walls.Seven patients accepted the ureter reimplantation with anti-reflux technique simultaneously.Serial video-urodynamics,magnetic resonance urography (MRU) and serum analyses were used to assess the outcomes of surgery.Results All patients were undergone the operation successfully.The mean operative time was 120 min.Bowel function returned promptly after surgery.No metabolic consequences were noted.Renal function was preserved.The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 48 months (mean 24 months).Compared to the preoperative findings,there were significant increasing in maximum bladder capacity (P＜0.05) at the 6,12 and 24-month follow-up (150.1± 64.2) ml preoperatively,(274.9±88.7) ml at 6 months,(322.5± 144.4) ml at 12 months and (279.9± 157.9) ml at 24 months,The significant differences also exhibited in the increasing of bladder compliance (P＜0.01) at the 24-month follow-up [(5.2±3.9) ml/cmH2O preoperatively,(26.1 ±29.4) ml/cmH2O at 24 months] and decreasing of maximum detrusor pressure (P＜0.05) at the 12 and 24-month follow-up [(44.1±29.2) cmH20 preoperatively,(20.1±9.8) cmH2O at 12 months,(20.2±19.1) cmH2O at 24 months].Two patients were observed scaffold rupture one week postoperatively and healed with patent drainage.One patient developed calculi in neo-bladder at 3-months follow-up and treated with transurethral lithotripsy.Four patients were noted vesico-ureteral reflux at 12-month follow-up.The botulin toxin detrusor injection was used in 2 cases.After indwelling the catheter for 3 months,the symptoms of reflux disappeared.The oral administration of solifenacin (5mg twice per day) and tolterodine (4mg once per day) was used in other 2 patients,who also accepted the catheter indwelling at the same time.The symptom of reflux relieved in only patient.Conclusions SIS can be used effectively as a scaffold for bladder augmentation.Tissue engineering technology provides a potentially viable option for genitourinary reconstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder.