Plasma protein carbamylation may change the structure of protein , thus influencing its function.Carbamylation is mainly through combination of cyanate with protein , which is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly because cyanate level is raised due to decomposition of the increasing urea in this population .Carbamylated plasma protein may influence the kidney directly , and has potential value in eval-uation of complications , prognosis , and therapy of chronic kidney disease patients .This review introduced plas-ma protein carbamylation and summarized its value as a biomarker in chronic kidney disease , and promising therapy focusing on lowering plasma protein carbamylation based on recent advances .

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients,which could be attributed to many factors.Antidiuretic hormone plays an important role in the development and progression of hyponatremia.It has been reported that estrogen affects antidiuretic hormone level,the number and sensitivity of related receptors,and effects of antidiuretic hormone,resulting in gender difference in occurrence and outcome of hyponatremia.

Objective To observe the effects of high glucose(HG) on the expression of PAI-1 /tPA and the activation of NF-KB in human proximal tubular cell(HKC) ,and explore whether these effects can be reversed by lovastatin. Methods Chromogenic substance was used to show the activity of tPA and PAI-1. The expression of PAI-1 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Immunoblotting and laser confocal microscopy were applied to examine the expression of p65 in nuclear. Results HG could up-regulated the activity of PAI-1 from(8. 23?0. 02) to (8.40?0. 07) IU/ml, and down-regulated the activity of tPA from (6. 22?0. 52) to (4. 9?0. 11) IU/ml (control vs HG, P

Objective To investigate the hepatitis C virus(HCV) and hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in hemodialysis patients in several hemodialysis centers in Beijing.Methods HCV RNA,HBV DNA(PCR) and the serum virus antibody(ELISA) were detected in 225 uremia patients.50 volunteers and the employers in hemodialysis center were also as controls.The relationship between the infection of hepatitis virus and the dialysis time,blood infusion and hepatic function was analysed.Results 37 patients(16.4%) were positive in HCV RNA,3 patients(1.33%) positive in HBV DNA.The logistic analysis showed that blood infusion and the time of hemodialysis were the risk factors.3 patients(3/99,3.0%) were found to be infected with both hepatitis B and C,with disorder of liver function and clinical symptoms.8.1%(8/99) of patients with positive HBcAb were infected with HCV.Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients is serious.Hemodialysis time and times of blood transfusion are the major ways to transmit HCV.

Objective To elucidate the mechanism of angiotensin (Ang) Ⅱ in regulation of renin synthesis and secretion in primary cultured juxtaglomerular granular cells (JGCs). Methods Mice JGCs were isolated and cultured as described before. Real-time PCR was used to demonstrate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (CE) and angiotencin receptor (AT1, AT2) in JGCs. Ang Ⅱ was co-cultured with JGCs stimulated by PGE2 and isoproternol or not. Renin activity in supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay and renin mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. Different concentrations of Ang Ⅱ were co-cultured with JGCs with different time (1 h, 4 h and 24 h), cAMP in cell lysate and supernatant was measured by Cayman Cyclic AMP EIA Kit. The cytoplasmic calcium was decreased by BAPTA-AM, and increased by thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, which could be used to observe the cAMP concentration affected by calcium. Adenylyl cyclase type 5, 6 (AC5, AC6) mRNA expression of JGCs co-cultured with Ang Ⅱ was measured by real-time PCR. Results Real-time PCR confirmed the expression of ACE and AT mRNA in JGCs of WT mice. Angiotensin Ⅱ reduced renin secretion in primary cultures of JGCs [(370.6±36.9) vs (299.6±25.7) ng AngI'ml~(-1)·h~(-1), P=0.014]. Angiotensin Ⅱ dose-dependently down-regulated forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in JGCs. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid decreased cAMP level. BAPTA-AM increased cAMP production obviously [(11.09±0.48) vs (3.55±0.47) nmol/L, P<0.01]. Ang Ⅱ inhibited AC5 mRNA expression by 42.12%, but did not inhibit AC6 mRNA expression. Conclusions Angiotensin Ⅱ can directly inhibit renin synthesis and secrestion maybe through reducing AC-stimulated cAMP levels. Crosstalk between calcium and cAMP system may exist in precise regulation of renin in JGCs.

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance.Other than neurological complications,other complications of hyponatremia have not received due attention.Mild,chronic hyponatremia can result in subtle symptoms such as gait disturbance and falls,and increase the risks of osteoporosis and fractures.This paper reviewed the emerging relationship between hyponatremia and bone metabolism,its possible mechanisms and clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antibiotic activity of Moxifloxacin (MFX) combined with Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (CPZ/SBT) against clinical common resistant bacteria for clinical reference of rational use of antibacterials.METHODS: The MIC of two antibiotics used alone or in combination on staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosas(50 strains,respectively)and Escherichia coli,enterobacter cloacae(20 strains,respectively)were detected respectively by Vitek-32 Model (Full Automated bacterium Detection Device) and the fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) index was calculated. RESULTS: The combination of two antibiotics significantly reduced MIC on 190 common resistant pathogenic strains and enhanced antibiotic action. Their antibacterial action in vitro was characterized by synergism and additive action. CONCLUSION: The study can present reference for hospital treatment of infection induced by common drug-resistant bacteria.

Phospholipase A2 receptor,a transmembrane protein located on glomerular podocytes,had been proved to be the target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy and provided us a new road to uncover the mechanisms of its pathogenesis.In this review,we described the structure and physiological function of phospholipase A2 receptor and highlighted the role of its autoantibody in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Finally we suggested several possible aspects of its future clinical application.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:792-794 )

Objective To investigate the application effects of new-type glove constraint in intensive care unit. Methods A total of 113 eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups by random digits table method, of which 59 patients used the traditional restraint for body constraint in the control group while 54 patients applied the new-type glove constraint in the treatment group. The skin conditions of restraint position, tube coming off and the satisfaction of patients and relatives were compared between two groups. Results The incidence of skin abnormality at restraint position was 0 in the treatment group and 13.6%(8/59) in the control group. The difference had statistical significance (χ2=7.880, P<0.01). The satisfaction of patients and relatives was 33.3%(18/54) in the treatment group and 5.1%(3/59) in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2=16.619, P<0.01). Conclusions The use of new-type glove constraint may give a maximum activity space to patients;reduce patient′s psychological adverse impacts;and decrease the skin and body damages. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the activity and mRNA expression of plasminogen autivator inhibitor (PAI 1) and tissture plasmin activator (tPA) stimulated by low density tipoprotein (LDL) on cultured human proximal tubular cell (HKC), which was a cell line of human proximal tubular cell. To show whether LDL can lead to the activation of nuclear factor ?B NF ?B, and weather the effect can be reversed by Lovastatin, a kind of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme, a reductase inhibitors (HRI). Methods Chromogenic substance was used to show the activity of tPA and PAI 1, RT PCR showed the mRNA expression of PAI 1 and tPA. The expression of P65 in nuclear was showed by Laser confocal microscopy. Results LDL could up regulate the activity of PAI 1 , down regulate the activity of tPA, which was decreased from 6.22?0.52 IU/ml to 4.9?0.11 IU/ml (in control vs LDL, P