Objective To introduce the clinical design of the portable and moveable laser light for simulation immobilization.Methods According to the theory of the laser immobilization system,the setting is designed by using current material,such as a ruler of ?-shape and pillar-shape laser light etc.After installation and adjustment,it is used in clinic.Results Patient can be immobilized by CT and this setting.Being simple to operate and convenient to use,this setting can act for the expensive laser position system.Conclusion The material and creation of this setting are rougher,so it needs improvement to insure the accuracy of position.

PurposeWith the extensive use of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatic carcinoma (HC), the study of MRI findings and its clinical signiifcance after RFA of HC have important value and can improve the complete ablation rate.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of post-procedure MRI ifndings of 79 patients (114 lesions) with HC were performed, the size of the lesion, the signal changes and enhancement condition were observed at the ifrst, fourth and seventh month after RFA; the two different ifndings of high signal ring on MRI T1WI and local recurrence rate were analyzed.ResultsOne month after RFA, peripheral region of RFA lesion showed high signal on T1WI, and slightly lower signal on T2WI, the size of lesions was slightly larger than pre-procedure, enhancement scan showed the thin homogeneous ring enhanced around the non-enhanced lesions; 4 months later, the size of lesions were relative stable and the periphery enhancement was weaken; 7 months later, the size of lesions were reduced and showed no enhancement. For recurrence lesions, the high signal ring was incomplete on TIWI, the incomplete area showed nodular enhancement on the arterial phase, and most of nodule showed slightly lower signal on the delay phase demonstrated a feature of quick wash-in and wash-out; 7 months after RFA, recurrence rate was 6.12% in patients with complete high signal ring and 43.75% in patients with incomplete high signal ring, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total survival rate and accumulated survival rate of the patients with complete high signal ring on T1WI were higher than the patients with incomplete ring, the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05).ConclusionThere are characteristic ifndings of MRI examination of liver cancer after percutaneous RFA, observation of the integrity of high signal ring on T1WI image and ifnding of dynamic enhancement scan can early evaluate efifcacy of RFA guide the selection of treatment plan.

Objective To discuss the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) plan for pancreatic tumors.Methods The 3D-CRT plan of 30 cases of primary pancreatic cancer were designed according to the request of the doctors for PTV and the restricted receiving dose of the peripheral normal sensitive organs.The best plan was chosen referring the dose-volume histogram.Results By using ICRU dose reference point(the central point of target)as theunitary dose,95% dose line could be surrounded above 95% of the PTV.Conclusion The focus in different localization can be treated with different design in treating the pancreatic tumors.The reaction to radiotherapy is directly influenced by the volume and dosage of radiation to the normal hepatic tissues.

BACKGROUND: To repair bone defect, histocompatibility, growing characteristics, biodegradation and repairing mechanism of nanometer need to be further studied in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To observe the growing characteristics and histocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) for repairing jaw defect of rabbits.DESIGN: Randomized grouping animal study.SETTING: Beijing Jishuitan Hospital and Stomatology College of Jiamusi University.MATERIALS: A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits, either gender, weighing 2.5-3.5 kg, were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Jiamusi University. The animal experiment had got confirmed consent from local ethic committee. Nano-HA was provided by Material Engineering College of Jiamusi University and dealt with routine hyperthermia/hypertension sterilization. In addition, hydroxyapatite was provided by Wuhan Industry University, and the diameter was 1.0-2.0 μm.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of Jiamusi University from November 2001 to May 2006. All rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 12 in each group. Bone defect in the diameter of 1.0 cm was produced on body of mandible. Nano-HA was used to repair the bone defect of rabbits in the experimental group, while hydroxyapatite was used to repair the bone defect of rabbits in the control group. At 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, all rabbits were sacrificed. In addition, medical imaging analysis system was used to analyze generative quantity of tissue in the two groups; meanwhile, histological quality and quantity were also analyzed so as to observe histocompatibility and newborn osteogenesis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histocompatibility and newborn osteogenesis.RESULTS: With the time passing by, the amount of repairing materials was decreased because of the combination with newborn tissue into bone in bone defect-repaired region in the experimental group. When it was closed to normal bone, the amount was stable. However, bony callus was not able to grow in materials in the control group. Results of correlation analysis demonstrated that materials were negatively straight-line correlation with newborn bone (r = -0.912 0, P < 0.01). During the repairing procedure of bone defect, newborn bone was closely correlative with Nano-HA; while, with the increase of newborn bone, the amount of repairing materials was decreased because of the combination with newborn tissue into bone.CONCLUSION: Nano-HA can combine with newborn bone tissue so as to rapidly generate bone, while it has an excellent biocompatibility.

This experiment was designed to study the apoptosis and related mechanism of adherent liver tumor cells (SMMC-7721) and adherent normal liver cells (HL-7702) when they were exposed to the steep pulse generated by the steep pulse apparatus for tumor treatment. The results showed that the steep pulse of 200 V could induce tumor cells apoptosis. The tumor cells presented with their apoptosis when they were exposed to the steep pulse from 200 V to 250 V. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to make a real time study of calcium burst when the adherent tumor cells were exposed to the steep pulse. The results showed:On the condition of no extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V decreased more evidently. On the condition of existing extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased little; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V reduced little, too. Maybe the change of calcium burst in the tumor cells is the mechanism of apoptosis when cells are exposed to the steep pulse.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Electricity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The repair of bone defects poses a great challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Although the development of tissue engineering has exhibited promise in replacing damaged bone, the fabrication of large constructs with functional blood vessels remains an obstacle. From the orthopedic surgeon's point of view, the generation of axially vascularized bone, which can anastomose with the recipient vessel, might be a solution to this medical problem. In this study, we aimed to prefabricate an axially vascularized bone by combining a β-TCP scaffold, arteriovenous loop (AVL), and cell sheet in a bioreactor in vivo. Twelve rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups: the experimental group (presence of AVL) and the control group (absence of AVL). The constructs were explanted at 8 weeks postoperatively. The histomorphometric results showed 42.8±5.9% of the bone area in the AVL group and 26.6±3.5% in the control group. Similarly, vessel analysis revealed the average vessel density in the AVL group (12.5±3.3) was significantly more than that in the control group (6.1±1.5, p<0.05). Our research indicated that the combination of a β-TCP scaffold, AVL and cell sheet might engineer vascularized bone. This prefabrication strategy might facilitate clinical translation of bone tissue engineering in reconstructing large bone defects.
Bioreactors ; Blood Vessels ; Bone and Bones ; Orthopedics ; Rabbits ; Surgeons ; Tissue Engineering

In order to investigate the effects of electric pulses on cancer cells, we carried out the experiments with exposing HepG2 and L02 to electric pulses (1 kV/cm, l00 micros, 1 Hz) for different lengths of time (8 s, 15 s, 30 s, 60 s). Annexin V-FITC Kit and Flow cytometry were used to study the apoptosis of treated cells. The results showed that the electric pulses of 1 kV/cm, l00 micros, 1 Hz for 8 s could not induce tumor cells apoptosis. Apoptosis was observed when tumor cells were stimulated for 15 s and longer, and the apoptosis percentage increased with the increase of stimulation time. Furthermore, tumor cells were more sensitive than normal cells in response to electrical pulses. Rhodamine 123 and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) were used to make a real-time study of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) when the tumor cells were exposed to electric pulses for 60 s. No significant change of Deltapsim was observed within 30 s stimulation. After that, the Deltapsim increased sharply and declined later, suggesting that the mitochondrial pathway may be one of the apoptosis mechanism induced by electric pulses.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Time Factors

Objective:To explore the value of case analysis combined with role revelation in cultivating thinking ability of surgical nursing training.Methods:A total of 87 newly recruited nurses who needed to rotate in the surgical system of Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi Medical University from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into control group ( n=43) and study group ( n=44). The control group used traditional teaching, and the study group used case analysis combined with role revelation. The clinical thinking ability of nurses was evaluated by written examination of clinical thinking ability and clinical thinking ability score table. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test. Results:The scores of written examination of clinical thinking ability (history collection, preliminary clinical diagnosis, preliminary nursing measures, auxiliary examination interpretation, comprehensive analysis of diagnosis and treatment process, nursing and discharge diagnosis, and health education) of nurses in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The scores of clinical thinking ability (critical thinking ability, system thinking ability and evidence-based thinking ability) of nurses in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Case analysis combined with role revelation in the surgical nursing training of new nurses is helpful to improve the trainees' clinical thinking ability.

Objective:To investigate the willingness and influencing factors of mothers of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to donate breast milk or accept donated breast milk.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 124 mothers of VLBWIs who were admitted to NICU of Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March to July 2019 were selected as investigation objects. The self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the willingness to donate breast milk, the willingness to accept breast milk donation and knowledge of breast milk donation. The survey was conducted by downloading the questionnaires through mobile terminals to analyze attitudes of mothers of VLBWIs towards breast milk donation and its influencing factors.Results:Among 124 mothers of VLBWIs, 51.6% (64/124) were reluctant to donate breast milk, mainly because they feared that the amount of breast milk after donation would affect the feeding of their children. 43.5% (54/124) did not want their children to receive donated breast milk, mainly because of doubts about the safety of donated breast milk. Adequate lactation was the main factor affecting the willingness to donate breast milk ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on the safety of breastfeeding and breastmilk donation and improve the cognition of breastmilk donation.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cerebral palsy(CP)in children aged 1-6 years in China,including the incidence,prevalence,type of CP,etiology,prevention and rehabilitation status. Methods The survey was carried out by standard questionnaires,multi-center collaboration,stratified-cluster ran-dom sampling method.The surveyed adopted the following principles:streets in the city and villages in the rural areas, and the number of the urban and rural children was the same,and the proportion of children in each age group was balanced.The investigation areas included provinces and autonomous regions,including Heilongjiang,Beijing,Henan, Shandong,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Anhui,Hunan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Chongqing and Qinghai,and 323 858 children were in-vestigated.Results The incidence of CP was 2.48‰(155/62 591 cases),and the prevalence was 2.46‰(797/323 858 cases)(1-6 years old).The prevalence varied in different regions,in which the highest prevalence was 5. 40‰(54/9 998 cases)in Qinghai province,and the lowest prevalence was 1.04‰(47/45 133 cases)in Shandong province.The prevalence of the males(2.64‰,461/174 391 cases)was higher than that of the females(2.25‰, 336/149 467 cases),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The types of CP were spastic type (58.85%,469/797 cases),mixed type(13.17%,105/797 cases),dyskinetic(9.79%,78/797 cases),hypotonic (8.28%,66/797 cases),ataxia(6.25%,52/797 cases)and rigid(3.39%,27/797 cases)respectively in 797 CP children.The first three risk factors for CP were long -term exposure to harmful physical factors during pregnancy, whether there were birth defects among the three generations of relatives of the children,such as children's peers, parents or grandparents,whether there were birth defects among the children's peers,parents or grandparents,and neonatal jaundice or persistent jaundice.Among 797 CP children,79.67% of the children with CP were timely detected and treated in the local hospitals,while the other 19.93% of them were not timely treated.The places which could give them timely detection and early diagnosis and treatment were general hospitals(42.97%),Maternity and Infant Hospitals (27.03%)and Children's Hospitals(20.31%). The main rehabilitation methods for 797 children with CP were 34.58% in the hospitals or rehabilitation centers,31.61% in the communities(including at home),33.80% mainly in the medical institution,and in the communities they could also receive partially rehabilitation services. Conclusions The prevalence of CP in China is coincident with international levels.The prevalence rate of CP in males is higher than that in females.The types of CP distribution are accorded with international distribution characteristics.There were still some children with CP who could not receive timely detection and treatment.Rehabilitation at the medical institutions is the chief way and proper rehabilitation guidance should be carried out in the communities.