Serial sections of the tongues of rabbits, albino rats, pigs, dogs, frogs, toads andhuman beings have been made to study the motor nerve endings by the silver imprega-tion method of Cajal Faworsky. The end-plates of the muscle of their tongues has its own specific characteristic, thefunctional significance of these motor nerve endings of the muscle of tongues has beendiscussed. In our investigation we have found out three kinds of unusual motor nerve endings:(1) A single motor end plate, located at two adjacent muscle fibers, has a small branchwhich runs to another muscle. (2) An accessory ending, formed by different startingpoints of nerve fiber, has been found in dogs. (3) Triple motor inervation of individualmuscle fiber of the tongues is to be found in human beings.

Objective To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in preterm rats. Methods At the 2 nd postnatal day Sprague-Dawley preterm rats were randomly assigned to air group and hyperoxia group (exposed to about 85% of O 2). At 3,7,14 and 21 days after exposure, six rats of each group were used to assess lung histologic changes and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in lungs by immunohistochemistry. At 3,7 and 14 days after exposure, gelatinase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of another six rats in each group by gelatin zymography was examed. Results Except 3 d after exposure, hyperoxia group showed lung injury characterized by subacute alveolitis and inhibition of lung development. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in hyperoxia group was stronger than that in air group at every time (P

The effect of extraction and nonextraction treatment on the soft tissue profile of the subjects borderline Angle classⅡ division 1 malocclusion is concerned mainly by orthodontists.This article reviewes the effect of extraction and nonextraction treatment on the soft tissue profile of the subjects with Angle classⅡ division 1 borderline patients and the important factors(such as differences between the types of tooth extraction and growth).The aim is to guide clinic diagnosis and treatment for borderline Angle classⅡ division 1 malocclusion.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Bupi Yichang pill(BPYCP)on CD4+T cell subsets of ulcerative colitis(UC)mice.Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group(n=10),the model group(DSS group,n=13),the model +BPYCP group(DSS+BPYCP group,n=13)and the model+ mesalazine(5-ASA)group(DSS+5-ASA group,n=12).The mouse UC model was induced by 2.5%dextrosan sulfate(DSS)solution.The DSS+BPYCP group and the DSS+5-ASA group were given BPYCP or 5-ASA for 2 weeks,respectively,and fecal viscosity and blood in stool were observed.The colon length was measured.Colonic mass index and unit colonic mass index were calculated.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe pathological changes of colon and to score the pathological tissue damage.The level of CD4+T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes was detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of cytokines interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin(IL-4),IL-17A,IL-10 and IL-21 secreted by CD4+T cell subsets in colon tissue were detected by ELISA.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect colon tissue CD4+T cell subset nuclear transcription factors,mRNA expression levels of T-frame protein 21(T-bet),GatA-binding protein 3(GATA-3),retinoa-associated nuclear orphan receptor γt(RORγt),B cell lymphoma-6(Bcl-6)and Foxp3 in rats.Results Compared with the DSS group,the diarrhea and hematostoecium symptoms of UC mice in the DSS+BPYCP group and the DSS+5-ASA group were significantly improved,body weight and colon length of mice were increased,and colon mass,colon mass index and unit colon mass index were decreased(P＜0.05).The mucosal epithelium was more complete than that in the DSS group,and gland arrangement was more regular.The inflammatory cell infiltration was less,and the pathological tissue damage score was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The proportion of Th2 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes was decreased,the proportion of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A were decreased,and the mRNA levels of T-bet,GATA-3,RORγt and Bcl-6 in colon tissue were decreased(P＜0.05).In the DSS+BPYCP group,the proportion of Th1 cells decreased,the proportion of CD4+CD25+Treg cells,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells and the level of IL-10 increased,and the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+Tfh cells and the level of IL-21 decreased.The level of Foxp3 mRNA increased(P＜0.05).The proportion of Th1 cells and the level of IFN-γ were decreased in the DSS+5-ASA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion BPYCP may alleviate UC by remodeling the homeostasis of CD4+T cell subpopulations.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.