Animal model plays an important role in prevention and control of infectious disease, which could link basic research in laboratory with clinical diagnosis and treatment for human patients.Mouse is the most widely used animal model of infectious disease, however, adult immunocompetent mice are resistant to some pathogens.The highly genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mice could recapitulate many of the genetic characteristics of an outbred population, such as humans.Based on this, this review will focus on the application and research progress of CC mice in infectious disease (including viruses, bacteria, fungi etc.), which could provide useful reference data for expansion of animal model resource bank, and implement of precision medicine of major and new emerging infectious diseases.We hope this review could serve as a modest spur to induce other researchers to come forward with their valuable contributions.

The outbreaks of Zika virus infection in different regions of the world underscore the potential for the virus to spread further in the Americas and beyond.Zika is a mosquito-borneFlavivirusand is transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes.It is has been reported recently that Zika virus intrauterine infection causes fetal brain abnormality and microcephaly, and WHO encourages pregnant women in countries at risk MUST protecting themselves from mosquito bites. Until now, there is no imported case in China.We have established resource and technology storage to reply to the potentialZika cases in the future, therefore, people do not need to panic in China.

Objective:To investigate the plastic method of glottis carcinoma in surgery. Method:Retrospectly analyzed 29 patients with T_2 ,T_3 glottis carcinoma who admited in our department From 1996 to 2004. All of them were treated with the displacement of ventricular bands-epiglottis mucosal flap in the surgical management of glot-tis carcinoma. The tumour was primarily from vocal cords, and not exceeded 2cm. Result: All cases were success-fully renovated laryngeal cavity with the displacement of ventricular bands-epiglottis mucosal flap and followed up for 5 years after operation. Three years survival rate was 86.2% ,5 years survival rate was 78.9% ,and tube draw-ing rate was 100%. Conclusion: With this method, surgery would be simplified and the patients would keep the voiced function and swallowing function.

One-hundred and eighty-eight cases of metabolic syndrome conforming to the criteria of International Diabetes Federation(IDF) were enrolled,and 166 healthy subjects served as control.Phalangeal bone mineral densities in both groups were measured.Osteocacin,bone alkaline phosphatase,and parathyroid hormone were determined with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Body mass index,waist circumference,waist-tohip ratio,fasting blood glucose,blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoproteincholesterol in the group with metabolic syndrome were higher than those in normal control group(all P＜0.01),while high-dcnsity lipoprotein-cholesterol was lower (P ＜ 0.01).T values,Z values,and osteocacin in the metabolic syndrome group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05),while parathyroid hormone was higher (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in levels of bone alkaline phosphatase between the two groups.Metabolic syndrome as an aggregate of multiple metabolic disorders was prone to be accompanied with osteoporosis.Body mass index was an important protective factor of osteoporosis,triglycerides and waist-hip ratio were independent risk factors.

Objective To discuss the nursing resources allocation status in Xinjiang production and construction corps so that reasonable allocation,utilization and management of the nursing work-forces can be strengthened for ensuring the nursing qualities and adapting to the needs of continuous development of the profession.Methods Information such as the quantity,age,education and the title of technical post of tbe nurses in the year of 2005 was collected and analyzed.Results The results showed shortage of nurses,the average doctor-nurse ratio was 1:1.20;the age structure of the objects investigated was suitable,small at beth ends and big in the middle.while more well educated and well technical post titled nurses were needed.Conclusions The quantity of nurses should be increased properly and the present nursing labors should be made use of scientifically,what's more,the training of the bilingual skill of the nurses should be given according to the multinational region features.

Objective To promote the development of oncologic nursing by establishing the accreditation standards for oncologic nursing professional training base.Methods In the early stage Delphi method was used to make a consultation with 21 experts for the construction of accreditation standards for oncologic nursing professional training base.Then the weights of each level was determined by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).Results Five first-level indicators were established,including oncologic nursing,clinical practice teaching staff,training management,the basic conditions of the department and the basic conditions of the hospital,their weights were 0.385 5,0.248 4,0.160 0,0.121 3 and 0.084 9.Conclusions The accreditation standards for oncologic nursing professional training base is constructed by AHP.It can make the accreditation standards more scientific and reliable to provide a quantitative basis for the review.

Objective In order to construct the standards of review for oncology nursing professional training base by aggregating the requirement of the professional training base in multiple regions in China.Methods Delphi expert consultation method by self-designed questionnaire were conducted among 21 nursing educators in medical university,nursing administrators,oncology clinicians,oncology clinical nurse specialists in hospitals.Results The Cr,Cronbach's α was 0.825,0.980.A standards of review for oncology nursing professional training base included 5 first-level indicators,19 second-level indicators and 76 third-level indicators after three rounds of consultation.Conclusions The 100-item for standards of the review is reliable and valid,which can provide objective and quantitative standards for evaluation,assessment and access of oncology nursing professional training base.

Objective:To isolate endophytic fungi from Panax ginseng and study their antifungal and antitumor activities.Methods:Endophytic fungi were isolated from 5-year-old garden ginseng and 15-year-old transplanted ginseng.The antifungal active endophytes were screened with Pyricularia oryzae P-2b model using mircodilution method,and the activities of endophytes against pathogenic fungi were tested in vitro.The antitumor activities of the endophytes were examined by MTT method in vitro.Results:Sixteen(33.3%)of the 48 endophytic fungi fully suppressed the activity of P.oryzae P-2b;11(22.9%)colonies showed satisfactory antifungal activities against Candida albicans,Cryptococcus neoformans,Trichophyton rubrum,and Aspergillus fumigatus;and 5(10.4%)colonies showed satisfactory antitumor activities against tumor cell lines MKN45,LOVO,HepG2,and HL-60.Among the bioactive colonies,Yuan-25 showed best antifungal activity,with its MIC80 aganinst Trichophyton rubrum being 4 mg/L,which was similar to that of fluconazole.Yuan-27 showed the best antitumor activity,with its IC50 similar to that of doxorubicin.Conclusion:Isolated endophytic fungi of Panax ginseng has antifungal and antitumor activities and is worth further exploring.

Objective To evaluate the role of fetal brainstem-vermis (BV) and brainstem-tentorium (BT) angles in differential diagnosis of fetal cereballar vermis anomalies by three-dimensional ultrasonography. Methods A total of 335 normally developed fetuses at 18-34 gestational weeks were examined prospectively in Prenatal Ultrasound Center of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 by three-dimensional ultrasonography scanning. The BV angles and BT angles were measured at the mid-sagittal sections of fetal heads which were obtained by three-dimensional ultrasonography. Sixteen fetuses with abnormal cerebellar vermis were selected. The BV angles and BT angles were measured and compared with the measurements of normal group. Results In normal fetuses, the mean of BV angles was (3.3±1.7)° , ranging from1.0 to 10.0°;the mean BT angle was (31.5±6.9)° , and ranging from 16.6 to 57.8° . In 16 cases of abnormal cerebellar vermis, 4 cases of Dandy-Walker Malformation (DWM) showed significantly upward rotated cerebellar vermises, the BV angles increased significantly (88.9±18.1)° , the cerebellar tentoriums were superior displaced, the BT angles increased remarkably (89.0±12.8) ° ;6 cases of Dandy-Walker variant (DWV) showed upward rotated cerebellar vermises, with increased BV angles (23.7±5.2) ° , and slightly increased BT angles (54.5±12.0)°;6 cases of Blake′s pouch cyst (BPC) showed upward rotated cerebellar vermises were, mildly increased BV angles (16.7±1.8)° , and slightly increased BT angles (50.3±8.2)° . The comparison results showed:BV angles increased with increasing severity of the condition in BPC, DWV and DWM;BT angles increased significantly in DWM. Conclusions The measurements of BV angles and BT angles are valuable in the differential diagnosis of fetal cereballar vermis anomalies. From 19 gestational weeks, a BV angle>60° is strongly suggestive of a Dandy-Walker malformation, while a measurement>10.0° and<20° favors the diagnosis of Blake′s pouch cyst.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) gene on radiosensitivity of human glioma cell A172 and investigate its potential mechanism by changing the expression of FTO gene.Methods Cells were divided into five groups according to their FTO protein expression level.The normal expression group was recorded as A172 Group,the low-expression and its negative control group was A172/siRNA and A172/NC Group,and the over-expression and its negative control group was A172/FTO and A172/PC group.FTO protein expressions were assayed by Western blot in A172 Group after irradiation.Clonogenic assay was executed to evaluate the relationship between FTO gene and radiosensitivity.Immunofluorescence and Western blot assay were applied to detect the proteins of DNA damage and repair.Results FTO protein expression level in A172 Group was significantly related to the irradiation dose and the time post-irradiation.The radiosensitization ratio (SERD0) of A172/siRNA and A172/FTO group were 1.829 and 0.812 respectively.Not only the number of γ-H2AX foci increased (t =-21.884,P ＜ 0.05) in A172/siRNA 1 h post-irradiation but the decreases of p-p95/NBS1 and Ku80 proteins were also detected (t =24.731,23.293,P ＜ 0.05) together with the increase of Rad50 protein (t =3.140,P ＜ 0.05).But the expressions of these proteins in A172/FTO group were opposite to the above phenomenon (t =0.642,-8.364,26.829,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions FTO gene is a radiation-resistant gene,which may because the regulation of FTO gene could alter the primary injury and DNA damage repair in the irradiated tumor cells.