Objective To estimate the influence of abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and family history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and/or diabetes on umbilical C-peptide concentrations. Methods Chesed 85 pregnant women who had prenatal examination and their newborns as the subjects. Thirty-six newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus with pregnancy and 49 newborns of mothers with normal glucose tolerance were randomly chosed as the control group. All newborns were also classified according to whether their maternal grandparents had history of diabetes and/or cardio-cerebrovaacular disease. Therefore, there were four groups in this study: 25 newborns in group A were of diabetic mothers and positive family history, 11 newborns in group B were of diabetic mothers but negative family history, 9 newborns in group C were of mothers with normal glucose tolerance but positive family history, 40 newborns in group D were of mothers with normal glucose tolerance and negative family history. The blood samples of umbilical veins were collected at the time of delivery. Umbilical C-peptide levels of the four groups were measured by radioimmunonssay. Results The umbilical C-peptide concentrations of newborns in group A, B, C, D were (2.22±1.52), (1.44±0.63), (1.13± 0.34), (1.31±0.69) μg/L respectively, the umbilical C-peptide concentrations of newborns in group A were elevated compared to those of other three groups (F=5.11, P=0.003), and there were no significant differences in C-peptide levels of newborns between the three groups (group B vs C P=0.499, group B vs D P=0.694, group C vs D P=0.642). Conclusion Special attention should be given to newborns of diabetic mothers and whose maternal grandparents have history of diabetes and/or cardio-cerebrovascular disease.

Objective:To find the influence of the immuno-suppressive drug on the incidence and genotype of oral Candida albicans.Methods:51 patients using immuno-suppressive drug for 1 to 3 months were enrolled,the controls were 26 health subjects.Oral rinse samples from the patients and the controls were assessed for the growth of yeast.The liquid samples were plated on CHROMagar Candida.The isolates were defined to the species level and the genotypic subgroups by PCR method.PCR results were proved by sequencing.Results:The incidence of Candida albican in the patients and controls was 20% and 7.69% respectively.The genotype of the Candida albican in the controls is A subgroup,that in the patients included A,B and C subgroups.Conclusion:Long term of immuno-suppressive drug use can influence the genotype and incidence of oral Candida albican.

A total of 358 high-risk pregnant women were divided randomly into observation (A) and control (B) groups.Group A:15ml 10％ calcium gluconate was injected intravenously during the second stage of labor at full dilatation.And 10 U oxytocin was injected intramuscularly upon an immediate delivery of fetal anterior shoulder.Then 400 μg misoprostol was inserted into anus at 5 cm; Group B:10 U oxytocin was injected intramuscularly upon an immediate delivery of fetal anterior shoulder.Then 400 μg misoprostol was inserted into anus at 5 cm.Statistically significant differences existed in the amount of bleeding loss after delivery for 2 h and 24 h (P ＜ 0.01),the time limit of the third labor (P ＜ 0.01) and the occurrence rate of postpartum hemorrhage (P ＜ 0.01).No significant difference existed between two groups in the Apgar score of the first minute (P ＞ 0.05).An intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate plus oxytocin and misoprostol after birth could reduce the rate of postpartum hemorrhage.Worthy of clinical application,this method has no effect upon Apgar score.

Objective: To search for the weighting the doctor’s service value and method to give the payment to doctors. Methods:From the hierarchy of medical service items, medical service items are classified, the weight of medical service item are calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) , the Harvard University doctor workload measurement model is established. Results: According to the weight of medical service items, to calculate the workload of doctors integrated with practical work quantity. Conclusion:By applying the theoretical results into practices, the estimation system of doctor workload was smoothly operated in the organization.

Objective To determine the influence of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on bone density, protein level of skeletal muscle and relative cytokine of osteoporotic rats. Methods Six-month-old SD rats were shamed as control (8 rats) or were ovariectomized (24 rats). The ovariectomized (16 rats) +TGP low dose and high dose group were treated with 50 mg/(kg?d) TGP and 150 mg/(kg?d) TGP respectively for 12 weeks. After the animals were sacrificed, IL-6, TNF-?, IGF-1, TGF-? in serum, protein level of skeletal muscle in right quadriceps femoris, and bone density of right femur and lumbar vertebra were determined. Results Compared with the ovariectomized group, the bone density and the protein level of skeletal muscle in TGP group increased significantly from the baseline (P

OBJECTIVE To observe bacterial distribution and drug resistance in Ningxia.METHODS The patients with nosocomial infection mornitored by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007 were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS Amomg 3276 isolates,1752 strains(53.48%) were Gram-negative bacilli,1471 strains(44.9%) were Gram-positive cocci and,53(1.62%) fungi.The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(909),Staphylococcus aureus(509),S.epidermidis(260),Enterococcus faecalis(258),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(206).Most of them were multidrug resistant.Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,while most strains of Gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Most pathogens of nosocomial infection are multidrug resistant,the resistance detection of bacteria has an important significance to clinical treatment and infection control.

Objective The study aimed to explore the growth status of children under 3 years of age in Nankai district of Tianjin city,provide reference evidence for children's health care work of the local area.Methods Convenience sampling was used to collect physical examination records of children under 3 years old from Wangdingdi hospital in Nankai district of Tianjin city.The records of 2 880 children' physical examination data were collected.Results The median scores of weight for height (WHZ) of children of 6,9,12,18 months old were 0.74 (0.01,1.49),0.73 (0.08,1.38),0.58 (0.11,1.27),0.54 (0.14,1.22),while children of 3,24,36 months old were 0.29 (0.45,1.03),0.17 (0.61,0.95),0.22 (0.36,0.80),the difference between them had statistical significance,x2=21.71,P＜0.05.The median scores of height for age (HAZ) of children of 3,6,9,12,16 months old were 1.05 (0.33,1.76),1.09 (0.32,1.85),1.22 (0.41,2.02),1.00 (0.20,1.79),1.09 (0.19,1.99),while children of 18,24 months old were 0.79 (0.06,1.51),0.86 (0.15,1.56),the difference between them had statistical significance,x2=27.83,P＜0.05.The median scores of weight for age (WAZ) of children of 3,12,18,24,36 months old were 0.88 (0.29,1.46),0.96 (0.31,1.61),0.85(0.19,1.51),0.64 (0.04,1.23),0.91 (0.28,1.54),while children of 6,9 months old were 1.10 (0.43,1.76),1.09 (0.43,1.74),the difference between them had statistical significance,x2=36.95,P＜0.05.The prevalence of stunting,wasting and overweight were 0.3％ (10/2 880),0.8％ (22/2 880) and 9.3％ (267/2 880).The physical condition between premature and full term infants and post-mature infants had statistical significance,t=140.23,100.64,P＜0.05.Conclusions The growth and development status of children in Tianjin Nankai district under 3 years old was generally good,and there was no significant difference between boys and girls,however,overweight has been the most serious problem at present.Compared with full-term and post-mature infants,the physical condition of premature newborn was lower.

Objective To explore the antitumor effects and the effect of GFW on the Fas expression in spleen T-lymphocyte of the tumor-bearing mice.Methods The S180 mice sarooma model was used to detective the inhibiting effects of GFW,the Fas expression in spleen T-lymphocyte between the normal group,the model group,the GFW group and the CY group were analyzed by the flow cytometry.Results For S180 sarcoma,the inhibiting ratio of GFW is 38.93%.The protein expression of Fas showed to rise in the the model group and the CY group.There was significant difference between them and normal group(P0.05).Conclusions GFW has the antitumor function and can adjust immune through inhibitor the apoptosis of T-lymphocyte.its mechanism maybe closely related with adjusting expression levels of the Fas expression in spleen T-lymphocyte to normal.

To improve the teaching effect of the course of Clinical Immunology and Immunological Laboratory,the theory of constructivism is applied to its teaching,which both promotes students to understand the course of Clinical Immunology and Immunological Laboratory and improves the students' ability of active study and cultivates their criticizing thoughts.

To improve the quality of teaching is the core task of the development of higher education,and effective teaching is the fundamental guarantee to promote students to learn effectively,and to improve the teaching quality and talents cultivation quality,which has very important significance to exploring the effective teaching idea and implementation strategy.In the teaching of medical immunology for example,the author combined the characteristics of the course,and had a preliminary discussion on the feature of effective teaching,to explore the effective teaching strategies of thought guiding before class,creating context in class,autonomous learning at recess,teaching reflection after class,to provide reference for college teachers to improve teaching ability and teaching effectiveness.