Thalassemia is a genetic disease with a high-incidence rate which has influenced the health condi-tions of newborns in south China. In this paper, we analyze the policy process of thalassemia prevention strategy in Guangxi based on John Kingdon’s policy stream theory, discussing the problem, policy and political flows of the strat-egy and analyzing how does the policy window open. We found that the thalassemia prevention policy was based on the deep understanding of the women and children’s health conditions, and the policy entrepreneur had made a pro-gram for alleviating to and eradicating the problem. In the condition of deepening health system reform, the thalasse-mia prevention policy in Guangxi had attracted the attention of policy makers. At a right political time for policy-mak-ing, the three above mentioned flows came in bond pushing the policy window open. As long as the thalassemia pre-vention policy process is analyzed based on the policy stream theory, it could be a good theoretical and practical ex-ample for other public health policy analysis in China.

0.05). Conclusions The therapeatic effect of breast-conserving therapy of stage I,and IIa breast cancer located ≥3cm of the nipple is similar to that of modified radical mastectomy. Breast-conserving therapy can gradually become the operation of first choice for stage I and IIa breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of oncogene survivin,p53 in breast cancer and its ~prognostic significance. Methods The expression of survivin,p53 in breast cancer tissues of 80 cases were detected by immunohistochemistry S-P method, and its correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis and ~5-year disease free survival (DFS) was analysed.Results In breast cancer tissues,survivin gene positive ~expression rate was 68.75%(55/80), p53 gene positive expression rate was 46.25%(37/80), and both had a positive correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis but negative correlation to 5 years DFS(P0.05);survivin and p53 genes expression have positive corrlation(P

Objective To compare the effects of smoking and non smoking on postoperative pain of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Sixty patients having underwent selective laparoscopic cholecystectom were divided into smoking group and non smoking group by random digits table with 30 cases each. In smoking group, 14 cases quitted smoking within 1 week before operation. The Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) was evaluated before operation in smoking group, and FTND ≥ 6 scores was in 11 cases. The visual analog score (VAS), Bruggrmarm comfort score (BCS), sedation-agitation score (SAS), immediately, 15 min, and 30 min after entering postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and leaving PACU was evaluated. The operation time, anesthesia time, wake up time, extubation time, PACU time, using rate of remedial measures and untoward reaction were recorded. Results There were no statistical differences in operation time, anesthesia time, wake up time, extubation time, SAS and incidence of untoward reaction between 2 groups (P>0.05). The PACU time and using rate of remedial measures in smoking group were significantly higher than those in non smoking group:(39.7 ± 5.1) min vs. (31.3 ± 6.1) min and 30.0% (9/30) vs. 0, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The VAS immediately, 15 min and 30 min after entering PACU and leaving PACU in smoking group was significantly higher than that in non smoking group: (2.90 ± 0.85) scores vs. (1.00 ± 0.83) scores, (2.70 ± 0.47) scores vs. (0.73 ± 0.69) scores, (2.60 ± 0.56) scores vs. (1.13 ± 0.73) scores, (2.23 ± 0.57) scores vs. (1.13 ± 0.73) scores; and the BCS was significantly lower than that in non smoking group:(1.80 ± 0.61) scores vs. (2.90 ± 0.99) scores, (1.90 ± 0.31) scores vs. (2.87 ± 1.00) scores, (2.10 ± 0.31) scores vs. (2.47 ± 0.82) scores, (2.17 ± 0.38) scores vs. (2.47 ± 0.82) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The VAS immediately after entering PACU in patients of FTND ≥ 6 scores was significantly higher than that in patients of FTND<6 scores:(3.6 ± 0.7) scores vs. (2.5 ± 0.7) scores, the BCS was significantly lower than that in patients of FTND <6 scores:(1.5 ± 0.5) scores vs. (2.0 ± 0.6) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The VAS immediately after entering PACU in patients of non- quit smoking was significantly higher than that in patients of quit smoking: (3.4 ± 0.7) scores vs. (2.4 ± 0.6) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Smokers have more severe postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and higher postoperative opioid requirement than nonsmokers. Quit smoking before surgery will reduce postoperative pain and related complications. Appropriate increase of analgesic drugs can prevent postoperative pain in patients with smoking.

Objective To investigate the utility of combined test of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein(CRP)for early diag-nosis of burn sepsis.Methods A prospective study was conducted in 76 hospitalized burn patients,including three groups:burn sepsis(n=27),local infection(n=31)and controls without bacterial infection (n=18)based on their diagnosis.Blood samples were collected within 24-48 h after hospital admission for analysis of neutrophil CD64,CRP,white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophils percentage (N)by flow cytometry,and bacterial culture.These parameters were re-evaluated for the patients in sepsis group 7 and 14 days after antibiotic therapy.Results Neutrophil CD64,CRP,WBC and N were significantly higher in sepsis patients than the corresponding values in the patients with local infection or control patients (P < 0.01 ).Neutrophil CD64 and CRP in the patients with local infection were significantly higher than those in the control patients without bacterial infection (P < 0.01).Neutrophil CD64 was positively correlated to CRP.Neutrophil CD64 and CRP decreased 7 days after an-tibiotic therapy,but the difference was not statistically significant compared to the pretreatment levels.Neutrophil CD64 and CRP decreased significantly 14 days after antibiotic therapy compared to the pretreatment levels (P < 0.01),but still higher than the levels in the control group.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve of CD64 + CRP combined test,CD64, CRP,WBC,N for detecting bacterial infection showed an area under curve (AUC)of 0.952,0.923,0.904,0.756 and 0.728,respectively.Conclusions Neutrophil CD64 is useful in early diagnosis of burn sepsis.The expression of neutrophil CD64 does not have significant difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections.Combined test of neutrophil CD64 and CRP can improve the efficiency for diagnosis of burn sepsis.

Objective To study the expression of PARP and its effect on apoptosis and proliferation in androgen dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells.Methods The expression of PARP in a LNCaP cell line with or without PARP inhibitor 5-AIQ was measured by Western blot.The effect of 5-AIQ on the proliferation of LNCaP cells was analyzed with MTS assay,and flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess the apoptosis of LNCAP cells induced by 5-AIQ treatments.Results The protein expression of PARP in LNCaP cell line decreased to 65.3％ or 22.4％ in the 5-AIQ treatment group (500 μmol/L or 1000 μmol/L) respectively,which was obviously suppressed compared with the blank group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).When 5-AIQ was applied,from 200 to 1000 μ mol/L,the inhibition ratio of the proliferation of LNCaP cells was increased from (2.85±2.03)％ to (41.23 ±5.42)％,(2.85 ±2.03)％ to (41.23 ±5.42)％,or (25.67 ±0.63 ) ％ to (65.81 ± 1.62 ) ％ after treatment for 24 h,48 h and 72 h.The growth of LNCaP cells was significantly inhibited compared with the blank group in a dose-time-effect relationship ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of apoptosis cells in early,late and total phase induced by different doses (500 μ mol/L or 1000 μmol/L) of 5-AIQ after 48 h were 23.6％,4.6％,28.2％ and 31.8％,6.3 ％,38.1％ respectively,which was significantly higher than those in the blank group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The expression of PARP in LNCaP cell line was suppressed by PARP inhibitor 5-AIQ,which can both inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of the LNCaP cell line.PARP is expected to become a new therapeutic target for prostate cancer in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma.MethodsFrom September 2010 to October 2011,morning voiding urine of 27 patients with suspected urothelial carcinoma was collected for FISH examination.The results of FISH examination were compared with the results of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy.Both sensitivity and specificity were compared respectively,and the cost of each kind of examination was also considered.ResultsOf 27 cases,pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy revealed 11 cases of urothelial carcinoma,FISH examination showed 9 cases of urothelial carcinoma,but only 7 cases in these 11 cases.The overall sensitivity of FISH examination was 63.6％ (7/11 ),the specificity was 87.5％(14/16).The cost per case of FISH examination (3100 yuan) was 3.1 times of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy( 1000 yuan).ConclusionsIt showed that there is no advantage of FISH examination for diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma considering both the sensitivity and specificity,and the cost is also higher than that of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy.It should be evaluated further when FISH examination is widely used in clinic.

Model-based system analysis is an important tool for evaluating the potential and impacts of biofuels, and for drafting biofuels technology roadmaps and targets. The broad reach of the biofuels supply chain requires that biofuels system analyses span a range of disciplines, including agriculture/forestry, energy, economics, and the environment. Here we reviewed various models developed for or applied to modeling biofuels, and presented a critical analysis of Agriculture/Forestry System Models, Energy System Models, Integrated Assessment Models, Micro-level Cost, Energy and Emission Calculation Models, and Specific Macro-level Biofuel Models. We focused on the models' strengths, weaknesses, and applicability, facilitating the selection of a suitable type of model for specific issues. Such an analysis was a prerequisite for future biofuels system modeling, and represented a valuable resource for researchers and policy makers.
Biofuels ; Conservation of Energy Resources ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Models, Theoretical

Objective To explore the contribution of ultrasonic examination and localization in early breast cancer screening of chinese women with dense breast.Methods From February,2002 to April,2006,the breasts of 5 000 women were examined using ultrasonic examination,and in about 4 000 women a mass was detected,which included 142 cases of breast cancer proved by pathology with diameter ≤2cm occurred in patients with dense breast.In these parients,ultrasonic visualization and molybdenum target mammographic were performed.Results In these with breast cancer and dense breast,there were 47 cases(33.10%) with microcalcification detected by ultrasonography,the sensitivity rate was 74.60% and the accuracy rate was 88.73%.Only 38(26.76%) cases were detected by mammography,the sensitivity rate was(60.32)% and the accuracy was 82.39%.About 44.37% breast cancer with dense brast display as the(microcalcification).There were 110 cases(77.46%) of the small breast cancer detected by ultrasonography,the sensitivity was 88.71% and the accuracy rate was 90.14%.There were 100 cases(70.42%)(detected) by mammography,the sensitivity rate was 80.65% and the accuracy rate was 83.10%.Also,in 12 patients an unpalpation breast lesion was correctly excised by the use of ultrasonic localization.(Conclusions)(1)For the small breast cancer in dense breast the sensitivity and the accuracy of ultrasonography(surpassed) those of mammography.(2)The ultrasonic examination is an effective way for early breast cancer screening in young women with dense breast and flat breast.Ultrasonography can improve the rate of dignosis in early breast cancer,and also improve the breast-conserving surgical rate.Ultrasonography is worth of widespread use spreading.

Objective:To summarize the nursing experience of a puerperal woman with cryptococcal meningitis complicated with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis.Methods:Before the surgery, the patient′s consciousness, pupil, headache and other symptoms of cranial hypertension closely were observed. And the prodromal stage of cerebral hernia was timely detected and the emergency rescue measures if needed was implemented. The cause of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis was analyzed and the risk intervention was carried out. At the same time, the blood potassium concentration was closely monitored, the hypokalemia was effectively controlled, and the anticoagulant observation and nursing was performed. Cooperated with doctors for intracranial venous sinus angiography+ balloon dilatation. The postoperative complications were prevented and patients′ health and psychology was remodeled.Results:The patient recovered well physically and psychologically after the operation.Conclusions:Effective clinical observation, symptom management, risk intervention and prevention of complications can promote patient recovery.