Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel and is amplified and over-expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumor, breast cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck squamous cell cancer, esophageal squa-mous cell cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer.The amplification and over-expression of ANO1 are associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.ANO1 promotes tumor formation and metastasis, and the drugs that inhibit the activity or expression of ANO1 show antitumor effects.Therefore, ANO1 may promote the tumorigenesis, and may be a molecular biomarker and a new target for cancer therapy.

Objective Based on the theory of the Balanced Score Card framework and using Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to construct the clinical nursing staff performance appraisal index evaluation system and provide reference for clinical nursing staff post management. Methods According to the theory of Balanced Score Card, constructed the preliminary establishment of index system for performance evaluation of clinical nursing. Used Delphi method to interview 26 nursing experts to select clinical nursing performance evaluation indicator. In the end, applied hierarchical analysis to determine index weight at all levels. Results Conducted two rounds of expert consultation;distributed 2 rounds of questionnaires by 27 and 26;recycled by 26 and 25;the recycling rate was 96.3%and 99.1%. It showed that the active coefficient of experts was higher. The degree of experts′authority was 0.89, which meaned the higher authority. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the Kendall coordination coefficient was 0.199-0.388. The significant test indicated that it was statistically significant (P<0.05), which meaned the experts tend to agree. After two rounds of expert consultation, the final clinical nursing staff performance appraisal indicators included 4 first-class indexes, 10 secondary indexes, 24 third-class indexes. Each index weight was determined by the analytic hierarchy process. In primary index, the internal process, learning and growth, performance indicators and the weight of customer satisfaction were 0.3, 0.3, 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. In secondary index weight, the top three were the work′s quality, post, and quantity. In the third class index weight, the top three were undertaking clinical work, annual nurse competence grading and the person-time of critical patients′management or surgical patient management. Conclusions Based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to determine the clinical nursing staff performance appraisal evaluation index, whic can provide theoretical basis for clinical nursing staff post management.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on proliferation and apoptosis of cyst-lining epithelial cells in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD),and to compare its effect with that of rapamycin(RAPA)in vitro.Methods: Primary cultured cyst-lining epithelial cells were treated with MMF and RAPA at different concentrations(0,0.005,0.05,0.5,5 ?g/ml)for 48 h or 72 h.The inhibitory effects of them on the cells were evaluated by MTT assay;the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic ratio were determined by flow cytometry.The morphological changes of cyst-lining epithelial cells were observed under transmission electron microscope.Results: Both MMF and RAPA significantly inhibited the proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.After 48 h treatment,the cells were blocked at S phase by MMF and at G0/G1 phase by RAPA.Both drugs induced cell apoptosis,with the maximal apoptotic rate being(5.53?0.27)% for MMF and(4.36?0.10)% for PAPA.Typical morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed under electron microscope.Conclusion: MMF can effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cyst-lining epithelial cells,but its inhibitory effect is weaker than that of RAPA.

BACKGROUND: Early education is an important step in raising children. Many facts prove that early education can promote infants' intellectual development so as to lay good foundation for their future development.OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of infants' intellectual development with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and analyze the effects of early education.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 100 normal newborn infants born in the Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, between January 2000 and December 2001. Guardians of the infants were informed of the research objective. Infants were divided into 2 groups according to their birth date: early education group (n=50) in which the infants were born on Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Sunday; control group (n=50) in which the infants were bom on Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday.METHODS: ① All the parents of the infants in the two groups received the guidance of feeding, infection prevention, inoculation and other health care guidance. On this basis, the parents of the infants in early education group were informed of intellectual development disciplinarian and educational guideline for 0-3 year-old infants when physical examination was performed on the infants at newborn period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once). The parents were asked to raise their infant according to the requirements of the guideline and communicate with the physicians at any moment. In control group, routine physical examination was performed on the infants at new-born period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once), and their parents were not given the early education of pediatric system. ② At 4 months and 3 days to 4 months and 29 days after birth, the infants in the two groups were taken back to hospital. Status of intellectual development was evaluated with intelligence scale for children revised and standardized by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Children Development Center according to Bayley's Scales of Infant Development [It consisted of intellectual scale and movement scale. Intellectual scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item E: reaching out for building blocks, hand-eye coordination when reaching out, pick up building blocks, and keeping reaching out for things; Item G: noticed small pills; Item H: approached ocular; Item C: fond of playing with him).Movement scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item A: turning their heads freely; Item E: from lying on the back to lying on the side;Item D: part of pollex face to face when holding building blocks; Item C:could sit independently for a moment)]. The primary scores of the infant was obtained from the number of an item which the infant could complete in intellectual development scale, then intellectual index and psychological movement development index were obtained according to his age span from the scale. Those with scores ＞130 were considered excellent, and those with scores ＜ 69 were mental retardation. ③ t test and U test were used in comparison of the differences in metrical and quantitative data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of intellectual development index and psychological development index between the infants in the two groups. ② Status of infants' intellectual scale and movement scale completion.RESULTS: Totally 100 infants entered the result analysis. ① Intellectual development: Intellectual development index and psychological movement development index were significantly higher in early education group than in control group (103.94±7.64, 111.20±9.40; 93.92±5.18,99.22±5.52, t=8.3,4.7, P ＜ 0.01). ② Status of intellectual scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [36 infants (72%), 8 infants (16%), u=5.6, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Status of movement scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [45 in fants (90%), 32 infants (64%), 48 infants (96%); 30 infants (60%), 12 infants (24%), 42 infants (84%), u=2.0-4.89, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Early education can improve infants' intellectual development, especially manipulative ability.

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene, whose expression is regulated by methylation of PDCD4 gene and many kinds of microRNAs.Protein of PDCD4 enco-ding can improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to anticancer agents, inhibit tumor development and metastasis process, and play an important role in a variety of tumors.It is expected to be a clinical indicator to determine the prognosis of tumor.

AIM　To analyze tanshinone IIA in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) coupled with capillary gas chromatography (CGC). METHODS　The solution pressure was predicted by solubility parameter theory, the extraction conditions were confirmed by orthogonal design in which temperature, volume of modifier and dynamic extracting volume had been studied in three levels. RESULTS This method is quick, convenient, precise and accurate, added sample recovery is 95.3%, RSD=4.27%. CONCLUSION　Compared with the method of ultrasonic extraction, significantly better qualitative and quantitative result could be obtained by SFE-CGC and expend less organic solvent then make less pollution.

Objective To observe the impact of heparanase on glomerular endothelium glycocalyx during sepsis and to investigate the prevention of glycocalyx injury.Methods C57/BL6 mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-o) and sacrificed one hour later.Glomerular endothelium glycocalyx traced with lanthanum was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Western blotting was used to observe heparanse protein expression of renal cortex tissue.Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were stimulated with TNF-α and active heparanase protien expression was detected by Western blotting.Mice were administrated with heparin sodium or heparinase Ⅲ and renal endothelium glycocalyx was observed by TEM.Urine during twenty-four hours was collected to measure urinary albumin and creatinine.The ratio of albumin to creatinine was calculated and compared among groups.Results The glomerular endothelium glycocalyx of LPS group and TNF-α group was degradated and the one of podocyte was integrated.Renal cortex tissue heparanase protein expression was significantly increased since one hour after LPS injection (P ＜ 0.01).The protein expression of activited heparanase of HRGECs which were stimulated with TNF-α was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Administration of heparin sodium which could inhibit the activity of heparanase could prevent the glycocalyx form degradation.The ratio of urine albumin to creatinine of heparin sodium group was decreased compared with LPS group (P ＜ 0.05) and the ratio of heparinase Ⅲ group was higher than control group(P ＜ 0.01) as a result of degradation of glomerular endothelium glycocalyx.Conclusions During the early stage of sepsis,TNF-α can induce glomerular endothelium heparanase to increase and active,and consequently the glycocalyx is degradated which leads to albuminuria.Inhibition of heparanase can protect glomerular endothelium glycocalyx and prevent albuminuria.

Objective To explore the value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the quantitative evaluation of liver function.Methods Between June 2012 and June 2013,we prospectively included 8 patients with cirrhosis and 6 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC).The Child-Pugh classification,indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15),and Primovist enhanced MR imaging were performed in all the patients.Using the deconvolution method to calculate hepatic extraction fraction (HEF),the correlations between HEF and Child-Pugh and ICGR15 were analyzed.Results For cirrhosis,there was a significant correlation between the HEF and the ICGR15 by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r =-0.971,P ＜ 0.05).For hepatocarcinoma,there was also a significant correlation (r =-0.855,P ＜ 0.05).The average HEF of PHC was 21.80％ (14.89％ ～ 35.90％).Conclusions The Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI accurately evaluated liver function quantitatively.It may be used for patients with PHC for preoperative examination.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway in polycystic kidney cyst-lining epithelial cells. Methods The cyst-lining epithelial cells (PKD cells) from human polycystic kidney were treated with rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 (10 μmol/L), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) +GW9662 (10 μmol/L), p38MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L), SB203580 (10 μmol/L)+ rosiglitazone(10 μmol/L) for 2 hours followed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Protein expressions of p38, phuspho-p38 (p-p38) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by Western blot. p38 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Expression of c-fos and c-jun was observed by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) EGF markedly up-regulated the expressions of p38, p-p38, PCNA, c-fos anti c-jun compared with control group (P<0.01). (2) Compared with EGF treated group, rosiglitazone significantly reduced p38 activation and mRNA expression (P<0.01, respectively). Rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone+SB203580 could significantly down-regulated p-p38, PCNA, c-fos and c-jun expression (P<0.01, respectively) with no significant difference between these two groups. (3) GW9662 partially reversed the reduction effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can inhibit proliferation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cyst-lining epithelial cells partially through down-regulating p38 activation and reducing c-fos, c-jun and PCNA expression. The above effect of rosiglitazone is in part PPARγ-independcnt.

Objective To explore the role of Hippo pathway in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD),and find potential targets for drug therapy.Methods By means of immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,Real-time PCR,the differences of sublocalization,expression and phosphorylation level about Hippo pathway molecules in Han:SPRD (cy/+) and ADPKD patients compared with the control were observed.Knockdown Yes kinaseassociated protein (YAP),transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) and large tumor suppressor kinase1 (LATS1) in cystic lining epithelium cell line WT9-12 were took by siRNA interference,and then their effects on cell proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed.Results In cystic lining epithelium of Han:SPRD(cy/+),decreased expression of LATS1 and increased expression of YAP were found compared with the control,and the immunofluorescence of YAP was distributed both in cytoplasm and nucleus,while distribution and expression level of TAZ were without significant variance.Abnormal mRNA expressions of Hippo pathway components in ADPKD patients were found (P ＜ 0.05).Down-regulation of LATS1 in WT9-12 cells could prohibit phosphorylation of YAP,and prompted proliferation and cell division.Knockdown YAP in WT9-12 cells could inhibited cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase,but down-regulating TAZ showed no significant differences in proliferation and cell cycle.Conclusions Altered Hippo signaling exists in ADPKD,and YAP activation may be one leading cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease onset.In vitro,knockdown YAP in WT9-12 cells can inhibit cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle and depressing cell division,suggesting the expression level and activity of YAP are potential targets for ADPKD treatment.