In recent years, ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ultrasonographic resolution level of gastrointestinal anatomy has been improved significantly due to perfection of ultrasonic instrument and development of ultrasound diagnostic technology. Currently, ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ultrasonography plays an effective role of evaluation of children's gastrointestinal obstruction diseases, especially congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux, malrotation, midgut volvulus, superior mesenteric artery syndrome,duplication, intussusception, meconium peritonitis, meconium ileus, and congenital giant colon. The clinical manifestation and the ultrasonographic feature of all these diseases mentioned above are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the influence of HAp-CS composite microsphere scaffold on the in vitro cell behaviors of mesenchymal cells and evaluate its potential application for bone tissue engineering.Methods Nano-hydroxyap-atite (HAp)and chitosan (CS)composites solution were assembled into microsphere scaffold through microfluidic and observed by inverted microscope.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured in vitro with the microspheres for calculating the adhesion rate for the first 6h.Proliferation rate was measured by cell counting in the next 1,3,6,9 d,respectively,and GraphPad Prism 6 software was used for statistical analysis.The morphology of BMSCs on the surface of HAp-CS composite microsphere was observed by scanning electron micros-copy (SEM)and confocal scanning microscopy.The cells and HAp-CS microspheres were filled into a disc mold and co-cultured for 14 ~21 d to observe the morphology.Results HAp-CS microspheres were observed to be round and with uniform size by microscope.The adhesion rate of BMSCs reached 80% after cultured for 6 h,and proliferation rate reached the highest value when cultured for 6 d.SEM observations showed that BMSCs adhered compactly to the surface of the microspheres,and the microspheres could be connected together through BMSCs.Af-ter co-culturing BMSCs with microspheres for 14 ~21 d,a complete tissue constructs could be formed.Conclusion HAp-CS microspheres are proved to be good scaffolds for promoting BMSCs adhesion and proliferation.Large a-mount of extracellular matrix can be formed to connect microspheres after co-cultured for a certain time,which paves the way for HAp-CS microspheres to be applied for bone regeneration in animal experiments.

Objective To investigate MRI features and its clinical value in the pigmented nodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee joint in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of the disease.Methods MRI signs of 9 cases with PVNS of knee joint confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 9 patients, joint effusion and marginal bone erosion were found.Diffuse thickening of the synovial membrane, multiple soft tissue nodules showed hypointense on T1WI and mixed hypointense and hyperointense on T2WI,were revealed on MRI.Conclusion MRI features of PVNS of the knee joint are characteristic, which reflects the pathological basis and helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.

Objective To explore the correlation of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR)polymorphisms (Arg16Gly) with the prognosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) complicated with other autoimmune diseases.Methods Among the 75 MG patients in analysis,17 cases were complicated with other autoimmune diseases (AIDMG),58 cases without other autoimmune diseases (NAIDMG).MG patients,AIDMG patients,NAIDMG patients were separately divided into recurrence groups and nonrecurrence groups according to the progression at 2 years after onset.The genotypes of β2-AR in 75 MG patients were determined by gene sequecing.Results The frequencies of three genotypes (Arg/Arg,Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly) in position 16 were 30.8％,50.0％,19.2％ in recurrence MG group and 42.9％,38.8％,18.3％ in non-recurrence MG group respectively.The difference in distribution of the genotypes between recurrence MG group and non-recurrence MG group was not statistically significant (x2 =1.150,P=0.563).The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 55.8％ and 44.2％ in recurrence MG group,and 62.2％ and 37.8％ in non-recurrence MG group.The difference in distribution of the alleles between the two groups was not statistically significant.The frequencies of 3 genotypes in position 16 were 27.3％,63.6％ and 9.1％ in recurrence AIDMG group and 100.0％,0,0 in non-recurrence AIDMG group,respectively.The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 59.1％,40.9％ in recurrence AIDMG group,and 100.0％,0 in non-recurrence AIDMG group.The difference in distribution of the genotypes between recurrence AIDMG group and non-recurrence AIDMG group was statistically significant (P =0.009).There also was significant difference in distribution of alleles between recurrence and non-recurrence AIDMG groups (x2 =6.676,P =0.010).The frequencies of 3 genotypes in position 16 were 33.3％,40.0％ and 26.7％in recurrence NAIDMG group and 34.9％,44.2％,20.9％ in non-recurrence NAIDMG group,respectively.The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 53.3％,46.7％ in recurrence NAIDMG group,and 57.0％,43.0％ in non-recurrence NAIDMG group.There was no significant difference in distribution of genotypes or alleles between recurrence and non-recurrence NAIDMG groups.Conclusion β2-AR gene polymorphism in position 16 may predict the prognosis of AIDMG,and there is no correlation between the polymorphism in position 16 of β2-AR and the prognosis of MG and NAIDMG.

Objective To investigate the association of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms (BclI)with the prognosis of myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods We totally enrolled 74 patients diagnosed as MG from the Department of Neurology,Beijing Shijitan Hospital between 2002 and 2014.Of them,54 patients started with ocular MG and 20 patients started with general MG.MG patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to the progression at two years after onset.Patients with simple ocular symptom at disease onset were further divided into generalized MG (GMG) group and single ocular MG (OMG) group according to disease progression or not.The GMG group was divided into two groups (≤6 months,7-24 months) according to the progression time of generalization.The GMG group was further divided into three groups (limbs,throat,both limbs and throat) according to the first symptom of generalization.The genotypes of GR were determined by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequence determination.Results The frequencies of three genotypes (GG,CG,CC) in BclI were 57.7％,34.6％,7.7％ in recurrence MG and 64.6％,31.3％,4.1％ in non-recurrence MG respectively.The difference in distribution of the genotypes between the two groups was not statistically significant (x2 =0.570,P =0.750).The frequencies of G and C allele were 75.0％ and 25.0％ in recurrence MG,and 80.2％ and 19.8％ in non-recurrence MG.The difference in distribution of the alleles between the two groups was not statistically significant (x2 =0.540,P =0.462).The frequencies of three genotypes GG,GC and CC were 55.9％,35.3％,8.8％ in GMG and 2/6,4/6,0/6 in OMG respectively.The frequencies of G and C allele were 73.5％ and 26.5 ％ in GMG,and 8/12,4/12 in OMG.The difference in distribution of the genotypes and alleles between the two groups was not statistically significant (x2 =2.278,P =0.320;x2 =0.241,P =0.624).The frequencies of three genotypes GG,GC,CC were respectively 61.9％,28.6％,9.5％ and 3/6,3/6,0/6 in ≤6 months,7-24 months of GMG group.The frequencies of G and C allele were 76.2％,23.8％ and 9/12,3/12 in the two groups.The difference in distribution of the genotypes and alleles between two of the three groups was not statistically significant (x2 =1.326,P =0.515;x2 =0.007,P =0.932).The frequencies of three genotypes GG,GC and CC were respectively 2/8,4/8,2/8;11/13,2/13,0/13 and 3/6,3/6,0/6 in limbs,throat,both limbs and throat of GMG group.The frequencies of G and C alleles were 8/16,8/16;92.3％,7.7％ and 9/12,3/12 in the three groups.The difference in distribution of the genotypes and alleles between two of the three groups was statistically significant (x2 =8.813,P =0.028;x2 =9.706,P =0.008).The genotype frequencies in every group were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Conclusions BclI polymorphism may predict the first generalized symptom of OMG.BclI polymorphisms of GR might have no relationship with the recurrence of MG,generalization and generalized time of OMG during the first two years after MG onset.

BACKGROUND:Different sources of stem cells have different molecular characteristics and growth characteristics;therefore, there are some differences in therapeutic mechanisms and effects. OBJECTIVE:To compare mesenchymal stem cells growth characteristics form two sources. METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord and the embryonic liver were isolated and cultured. Passage 5 cells were used to observe the cellmorphology, calculate the doubling time of cellpopulation-doubling time, identify surface markers and determine the differentiation capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord were subcultured to passages 10 and 15, and cellcurves were drawn and population doubling time was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mesenchymal stem cells from these two sources in logarithmic phase were fusiform and grew spiral y with osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic capacities. The growth curves of cells were both S-shaped. At passage 5, the doubling time was (34.37±0.31) hours for embryonic liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells and (35.63±0.38) hours for umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). However, the population doubling time of passages 10 and 15 umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells was (52.6±0.53) and (53.27±0.92) hours, respectively, which was significantly difference from that of passage 5 cells (P<0.05). The cellmorphology and growth curve from two sources are basical y the same. Embryonic liver-derived stem cells are smal er and proliferate faster than umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but no statistical difference is found between the two types.

Objective To explore the correlation of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) polymorphisms (Arg16Gly) with early onset Myasthenia Gravis (MG). Methods Forty-eight with age less than 40 years at disease onset were divided into three groups:normal thymus (13 cases), thymic hyperplasia (22 cases) and thymoma (7 cases) groups according to the thymus histology. These patients were further divided into different subgroups including female (31 cases) and male groups (17 cases) based on the gender, OMG (29 cases) and GMG (19 cases) groups according to the symptom of disease onset and groups associated with (10 cases) or without (33cases) other autoimmune diseases Or with unknown causes (5 cases). The genotypes ofβ2-AR in 48 early onset MG were determined by gene sequencing. Results Arg/Arg was more common in early MG patient with normal thymus ( 53.8%)and thymic hyperplasia(54.6%)whereas Arg/Gly was more common in thymus group(71.4%). The difference in distribution of the genotypes between the three groups was not statis?tically significant (χ2=5.657,P=0.226). Arg/Arg was more common in early female MG patient (58.1%) and Arg/Gly was more common in male MG patients (58.8%). The difference in distribution of the genotypes between the two groups was
statistically significant (χ2=6.064,P=0.048). Arg/Arg was more common in early OMG patient (48.3%). Arg/Arg(42.1%) and Arg/Gly(47.4%) were equal common in GMG patients. The difference in distribution of the genotypes between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=1.623,P=0.444). Arg/Arg was more common in early MG patient associated with other autoimmune diseases (80.0%). Arg/Gly was more common in MG patients without other autoimmune diseases (39.4%). The difference in distribution of the genotypes between the three groups was statistically significant (χ2=6.394, P=0.041). Conclusionβ2-AR gene polymorphism in position 16 is associated with gender and other autoimmune diseas?es in patients with early onset of MG.

Objective To detect the expression of HER2 and TOPOⅡ? in human breast cancer to explore the relationship between them and the potential value in the chemotherapy of breast cancer. Method 24 breast cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were investigated. RT-PCR and imumohistochemical staining were used to detect the expressions of HER2 and TOPOⅡ? at the transcription and protein level respectively. Results HER2 mRNA expressed positively in 29% (7/24) breast cancer tissues vs 4% (1/24) in paired normal tissues. The positive expression of TOPOⅡ? mRNA in breast cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were 92% (22/24) and 21%(5/24) respectively. The result of the immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive rates of HER2 and TOPOⅡ? in breast cancer tissues were 30%(6/20) and 94%(16/17) respectively, which was consistent with RT-PCR. The 6 cancer samples with HER2 positive expression coexpressed TOPOⅡ?. The expression of these two proteins was correlated(R=0.524,P

Objective To use three different methods-different nursing level,different ADL and nursing manhour to allocate nursing human resources,and find their difference.Methods Using observation method to record nursing time,and then using three different methods to allocate nursing human resources.Results 22 persons were needed using nursing level to allocate,20 persons were needed using ADL method and 15 persons were needed using nursing manhour to allocate nurses.The difference of direct nursing time between patients with primary care and secondary care had statistically significant difference.The difference of direct nursing time between patients with different ADL had statistically significant difference.Conclusions It is different using three methods to allocate nursing human resources.How to select a suitable method to accurately calculate nursing human resources and combine computer and the present methods is the problem which we should solve currently.

Objective To probe the clinical values of the human serum glycoprotein profiles for the diagnosis of common gynecological tumors. Methods A total of 123 clinical serum samples which included 31 breast cancer, 24 cervical cancer, 19 ovarian cancer and 49 healthy individuals were collected. A lectin microarray consisting of 15 lectins with different glycan binding specificities was used to determine the glycoprotein profiles of serum sam-ples. Stepwise discrimination analysis method was adopted to establish function model of clinical serum samples classification with SPSS 15. 0 software. Results Two grades of diagnostic discrimination function models were es-tablished. The first grade discrimination function could differentiate gynecological tumors from healthy individuals, the diagnostic accuracy rates of retrospective inspection were 85. 7% and 83. 8% respectively, and the total diag-nostic accuracy rate was 84.6%. The second grade discrimination function was used to differentiate breast tumor, cervical tumor and ovarian tumor, the diagnostic accuracy rates of retrospective inspection were 96.8%,75.0%and 78.9% respectively, and the total diagnostic accuracy rate was 85.1%. Conclusion The human serum gly-coprotein profiles are associated with gynecological tumors, and the established discrimination function models based on lectin microarray data have a helpful reference value for the clinical diagnosis of gynecological tumors.