Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage loss. Often manifesting as joint pain and limited mobility, it severely affects the quality of life of patients. Traditional treatment methods such as pharmacological injections and surgical interventions primarily aim to alleviate symptoms but have limited effects on cartilage repair. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), due to their anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic capabilities, is considered a new hope for the treatment of KOA. This article synthesizes the latest research findings from both domestic and international sources to discuss the theoretical basis for the clinical application of hUC-MSCs in treating KOA, clinical study design, and efficacy evaluation. It also addresses the challenges in the clinical application of hUC-MSCs and explores future directions, in the hope of providing feasible theoretical support for the treatment of KOA with hUC-MSCs.

To implement the instructions and directives of General Secretary Xi Jinping on important documents related to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， adhere to the equal emphasis on TCM and Western medicine， and promote mutual complementarity， win-win cooperation， and coordinated development between TCM and Western medicine， the China Association of Chinese Medicine has organized seminars on the clinical dominant diseases of TCM in multiple professional fields， achieving a series of results. The aim is to implement the research on dominant diseases of TCM described in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance， Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine， thus serving the construction of advantageous specialties， clinical talent cultivation， national scientific and technological layout， and academic innovation leadership. In the field of otolaryngology， the China Association of Chinese Medicine and many Chinese and Western medicine experts across the country have conducted multiple in-depth discussions and research. At the 10^th Clinical Dominant Disease Series Youth Salon， they have elaborated and demonstrated the basic and specific suggestions and consensus on the clinical advantages of TCM and integrated TCM and Western medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis （AR）， making great progress. However， there is still a lack of detailed research paths. Under the guidance of the China Association of Chinese Medicine and based on the TCM Dominant Disease Series Salon for AR， this study analyzed the difficulties encountered in AR diagnosis and treatment according to the occurrence and development law of AR. Based on the advantages and characteristics of AR diagnosis and treatment by TCM and integrated TCM and Western medicine， it explored the research paradigm and technological layout points of AR and put forward suggestions. The layout involved four aspects： Optimization of the AR diagnosis and treatment system， prevention and control of comorbidities， management of chronic diseases， and a platform for TCM inheritance. Additionally， suggestions for layout and research directions， expected goals and values， and priority levels for funding were proposed. The study is expected to provide a theoretical basis and development ideas for the future prevention and treatment of AR with TCM and integrated TCM and Western medicine and promote the high-quality development of TCM.

Protrusive facial deformities, characterized by the forward displacement of the teeth and/or jaws beyond the normal range, affect a considerable portion of the population. The manifestations and morphological mechanisms of protrusive facial deformities are complex and diverse, requiring orthodontists to possess a high level of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the relevant orthodontic field. To further optimize the correction of protrusive facial deformities, this consensus proposes that the morphological mechanisms and diagnosis of protrusive facial deformities should be analyzed and judged from multiple dimensions and factors to accurately formulate treatment plans. It emphasizes the use of orthodontic strategies, including jaw growth modification, tooth extraction or non-extraction for anterior teeth retraction, and maxillofacial vertical control. These strategies aim to reduce anterior teeth and lip protrusion, increase chin prominence, harmonize nasolabial and chin-lip relationships, and improve the facial profile of patients with protrusive facial deformities. For severe skeletal protrusive facial deformities, orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment may be suggested. This consensus summarizes the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of numerous renowned oral experts nationwide, offering reference strategies for the correction of protrusive facial deformities.
Humans ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Patient Care Planning ; Cephalometry

Sepsis is a fatal organ dysfunction caused by the uncontrolled inflammatory response of the host to infection. Excessive inflammatory reaction is the core factor in the occurrence and development of sepsis, the degree of organ dysfunction is directly related to the prognosis of sepsis. Timely intervention of excessive inflammatory response and alleviation of organ function damage are essential to improve the prognosis of sepsis. Maresin-1 (MaR-1) is a newly discovered endogenous specific pro-inflammatory resolution mediator, which plays a role of anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory regression and organ protection in sepsis, and may be a new target for the treatment of sepsis. This article reviews the research progress of the role of MaR-1 in the regulation of inflammation and organ protection in sepsis, in order to provide reference for the clinical development of new drugs for the treatment of sepsis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of modified vertical tooth preparation with full zirconium crown resto-ration in molar area.Methods A randomized study was conducted in 84 patients with all-ceramic crown restoration of posterior teeth.90 full crown restorations were collected and randomly divided into two groups:45 teeth in exper-imental group were treated with modified vertical tooth preparation,while 45 teeth in control group were treated with conventional horizontal tooth preparation with full zirconium crown restoration.When patients wore teeth,the resto-ration effects of the two groups were evaluated respectively,and then the marginal and internal fitness of the two groups were measured by silicone rubber replication method;gingival index(GI)and sulcus bleeding index(SBI)scores were recorded 6 months after wearing teeth.Results The results of chair-side evaluation of the two groups showed that the marginal fitness of the experimental group was better than that of the control group,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P=0.036);the measured value of marginal fitness of prostheses in experimental group was better than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001);after 6 months,there was no mechanical complication between the two groups,and there was no significant difference in GI and SBI scores of periodontal soft tissue indexes.Conclusion Modified vertical tooth preparation abutment can significantly improve the marginal fitness of all-ceramic crown,which will not change the health status of peri-crown gingiva.

[Objective]To investigate the difference of ultrasound characteristics between pure mucinous carcinoma(PMC)and fibroadenoma(FA)of the breast.[Methods]Ultrasound data of 50 continuous patients with breast PMC from January 2012 to January 2021 and 100 continuous patients with breast FA from June 2018 to January 2019 in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed.The ultrasound characteristics of the two groups were evaluated according to the 2013 BI-RADS Ultrasound Atlas,and the differences in age,maximum diameter and ultrasound characteristics between the two groups were compared.[Results]The median age of PMC patients was 47 years and that of FA patients was 33 years.The age of PMC patients was higher than that of the FA group,and the differ-ence between the two groups of patients was statistically significant(P<0.001).The median maximum diameter of PMC pa-tients was 2.4 cm,which was greater than that of the FA group(1.8 cm),and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.001).Of the PMC,70%(35/50)were irregular,82%(41/50)were parallel to the skin,92%(46/50)had no circum-scribed margin,72%(36/50)were hypoechoic,and 68%(34/50)had enhanced posterior echo.Of the FA,69%(69/100)were oval or round,98%(98/100)were parallel to the skin,54%(54/100)had circumscribed margin,98%(98/100)were hypoechoic,and 75%(75/100)had no posterior features.The differences in the above ultrasound characteris-tics between the PMC and FA groups were statistically significant(P<0.001,P=0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001).There was no significant difference between calcifications and blood flow.[Conclusions]Compared with the FA group,pa-tients with PMC are older and the diameter of the lesions are larger.On ultrasound,the morphology and margin of most breast PMC still show the growth characteristics of invasive cancer.Meanwhile,the posterior echo of PMC is enhanced,which is a unique manifestation.

Objective To explore the value of serum stearoyl sphingosine(C18∶1-Cer)and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline(LPC 18∶0)levels in pregnant women's serum samples during pregnancy in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods The clinical data and laboratory indicators of 126 pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed.The sub-jects were divided into GDM group(n=66)and control group(n=60)according to the GDM diagnosis results.Mass spec-trometry was used to detect the serum C18∶1-Cer and LPC18∶0 levels of the subjects in early and mid pregnancy.Logistic re-gression analysis was used to screen out the risk factors for GDM.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of C18∶1-Cer,LPC18∶0 and their combination for GDM.Results Compared with the control group,the serum C18∶1-Cer and LPC18∶0 levels of the subjects in the GDM group were significantly increased in early(18.92±2.77ng/ml vs 23.47±4.18ng/ml,41.32±17.55ng/ml vs 88.08±16.02ng/ml)and mid pregnancy(23.14±4.10ng/ml vs 18.76±4.05ng/ml,84.60±14.53ng/ml vs 40.50±17.79ng/ml),and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.127,15.637;-5.984,2.174,all P＜0.05)C18∶1-Cer was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting plasma insulin(FPI),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and triglyceride(TG)(r=0.458,0.209,0.317,0.223,0.219,all P<0.05).LPC18.0 was positively correlated with FPG,FPI,HOMA-IR,HbA1c,total cholesterol(TC)and TG(r= 0.715,0.426,0.580,0.465,0.232,0.372,all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed that C18∶1-Cer[OR(95%CI):1.522(1.136～2.039),P<0.05]and LPC18:0[OR(95%CI):1.198(1.102～1.302),P<0.001]were independent risk factors for GDM.ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum C18∶1-Cer,LPC18∶0 and the combination of the two indicators were 0.819,0.971 and 0.986,respectively.The predictive performance of the combination of the two indicators was better than that of the single detection.Conclusion Serum C18∶1-Cer and LPC18∶0 in early pregnancy were closely related to the occurrence of GDM.C18∶1-Cer combined with LPC 18∶0 has a certain predictive value for the early diagnosis of GDM.

ObjectiveTo prepare oral nanoemulsions encapsulating essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet fructus（EOFAZ） and to investigate its pro-absorption effect in vitro and distribution in vivo. MethodThe proteoglycan conjugate polysaccharides of vinegar-processed Bupleuri Radix-bovine serum albumin（VBCP-BSA） was prepared by Maillard reaction of VBCP and BSA. Taking VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， vitamin B₁₂（VB₁₂） as absorption enhancer， and medium chain triglycerides mixed with EOFAZ as oil phase， the nanoemulsions loaded with EOFAZ was prepared by high energy emulsification method. The particle size， particle size distribution， surface Zeta potential， EOFAZ content and appearance and morphology of the nanoemulsions were characterized， and fluorescein tracer method was used to investigate the absorption effect of fluorescein-labeled EOFAZ nanoemulsions in vitro and their distribution in vivo. ResultVBCP-BSA was formed by Maillard reaction for 48 h with high grafting rate. Using VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， the homogeneous pink nanoemulsions was prepared and denoted as EOFAZ@VBCP-BSA/VB₁₂. The particle size of the nanoemulsions was less than 100 nm and the particle size distribution was uniform. The surface of the nanoemulsions was a weak negative charge， and the shape was spherical. The encapsulation rate of the nanoemulsions for EOFAZ was greater than 80%， which had a good absorption effect in vitro and could enhance liver accumulation after oral administration. ConclusionThe designed proteoglycan nanoemulsions can effectively load EOFAZ， promote oral absorption and enhance liver distribution， which can provide experimental basis for the development of oral EOFAZ liver protection preparations.

Objective:To learn about physicians’ concepts and commonly employed method in hyaluronic acid injection and provide reference data for the standardization of pain management.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires to cosmetic injectors and patients experienced with hyaluronic acid injections to collect data on their views of pain associated with hyaluronic acid injections. The physician portion was collected offline from June 15 to July 20, 2022, and the patient portion was collected from November 14, 2022, to December 6, 2022, via the Questionnaire Star platform. The physician questionnaire consisted of 17 questions, question types included single choice, multiple choice and essay questions. The patient questionnaire consisted of 6 questions, question types included single choice and multiple choice. Relevant data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software for descriptive statistics, and data were presented in the form of cases and percentages (%).Results:Sixty-two physician questionnaires and 123 patient questionnaires were collected. 42 (67.74%) physicians observed from their daily practice that more than 50% of their patients were very concerned about pain during injection; 101 (82.11%) patients scored ≥5 out of 10 for concern about impending pain prior to hyaluronic acid filler injection. At the time of treatment, 48 (77.42%) physicians advised patients to choose a lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid filler for reasons including a significant reduction in injection pain (53 cases, 85.48%) and patient comfort with the treatment experience (59 cases, 95.16%). 60 (48.78%) patients were willing to choose an anesthesia-containing product at the time of injection, but the price of the anesthesia-containing product influenced the patient’ s choice (55 cases 44.72%) .Conclusions:Pain from cosmetic injectable treatments is an important issue to both physicians and patients. Lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid is recognized by physicians and patients for its analgesic effect and high safety profile. There is no perfect solution for pain in cosmetic injection treatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration may be needed to solve the problem.

Objective:To learn about physicians’ concepts and commonly employed method in hyaluronic acid injection and provide reference data for the standardization of pain management.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires to cosmetic injectors from plastic surgery department of public hospitals or medical beauty institutions and patients experienced with hyaluronic acid injections to collect data on their views of pain associated with hyaluronic acid injections. The physician portion was collected offline from June 15 to July 20, 2022, and the patient portion was collected from November 14 to December 6, 2022, via the Questionnaire Star platform. The physician questionnaire consisted of 17 questions, question types included single choice, multiple choice and essay questions. The patient questionnaire consisted of 6 questions, question types included single choice and multiple choice. Relevant data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software for descriptive statistics, and data were presented in the form of cases(%).Results:Sixty-two physician questionnaires and 123 patient questionnaires were collected. 42 (67.74%) physicians observed from their daily practice that more than 50% of their patients were very concerned about pain during injection; 101 (82.11%) patients scored ≥5 out of 10 for concern about impending pain prior to hyaluronic acid filler injection. At the time of treatment, 48 (77.42%) physicians advised patients to choose a lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid filler for reasons including a significant reduction in injection pain (53 cases, 85.48%) and patient comfort with the treatment experience (59 cases, 95.16%). 60 (48.78%) patients were willing to choose an anesthesia-containing product at the time of injection, but the price of the anesthesia-containing product influenced the patient’s choice (55 cases, 44.72%).Conclusion:Pain from cosmetic injectable treatments is an important issue to both physicians and patients. Lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid is recognized by physicians and patients for its analgesic effect and high safety profile. There is no perfect solution for pain in cosmetic injection treatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration may be needed to solve the problem.