Objective To approach the clinical manifestations of childhood cough variant asthma, and summarize the dingnosis and treatment experience. Methods Retroepective analyzed the clinical data of 49 children with cough variant asthma. Results In 49 children patients,male 27 cases,female 22 cases;Age:1 ～3 years old( 11 cases) ,4 ～6 years old(25 cases) ,7 ～ 12 years old( 13 cases) ;Duration:1 ～24 months;Incidence season:wintry spring (31 cases) ,summer(7 cases) ,autumn(11 cases). Diagnoeis:CAV was 8 cases,and 24 cases were misdiagnoeed as bronchitis, 11 cases were misdiagnosed as upper respiratory tract infection,3 cases were misdiagnosed as chronic pharyngitis,2 cases were misdiagnosed as sinusitis,1 case was misdiagnosed as bronchial foreign body. In 49 children patients,32 cases were significantly effective, 15 cases effective and 2 cases noneffective. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of CAV was noepecific,and miscdiagnosis rate was high. Effect of treatment with expansion bronchical and anti-infection methods was good.

The innate immune system is critical to protect against microorganisms,but it is immature.Preterm newborn have to stay longer in NICU.They are vulnerable to infections.The common pathogen is coagulase-negative staphylococci which is the most cause of mortality for preterm newborn.So it is the key to understand the interaction between innate immune system of preterm newborn and pathogen.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(SMA) is a emerging opportunistic pathogen that can cause difficult-to-treat infections and exhibits significant degrees of poorly understood multidrug resistance,especially in irnmunocompromised patients.SMA is not an inherent virulent pathogen,but it can colonize in respiratorytract epithelial cells and surfaces of medical devices make it an important colonizer in hospitalized patients.Management of SMA infection is hampered because of its high-level intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and the increasing occurrence of acquired resistance to the first-line drug such as co-trimoxazole.The prevention and treatment of SMA infection attract more and more attention in recent years.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci,especially staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is on the surface of skin and mucous membrane of human,and because of its high frequency,especially in hospital,it is thought to be an important opportunistic pathogen.SE is the common cause of preterm infection,and it has relationship with immature brain.Epidemiology supports the relationship among preterm,infection and brain injury.SE could lead to brain injury through Toll-like receptor mediated inflammation.

Objective To analyze the acute left heart failure(ALHF) plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels and ECG characteristics,and to explore its evaluation of the ALHF prognosis.Methods To detect the content of rain natriuretic peptid in the plasma of acute attack of 76 cases ALHF patients after 6h,24h,72h,while the line ECG monitoring.The decline rate of brain natriuretic peptide,the QRS wave duration and QTc interval were calculated.According to the condition of ALHF patients discharged into prognosis ideal group and the poor prognosis group,the variation of the index in the two group were retrospectivly analyzed.Results Compared with the decline rate in 24h,the decline rate of brain natriuretic peptide,the QRS wave duration and QTc interval decreased significantly.Two groups at each time point plasma brain natriuretic peptide,the QRS wave duration,the rate of decline of QTc between groups were statistically different (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The time points of plasma brain natriuretic peptide content,the QRS wave duration and the QTc interval change rate of ALHF the prognosis of patients with chnical predictive value.

Precocious puberty in children begins with the increased pulsatile secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone(GnRH)from hypothalamic.Recently,KISS1-GPR54 Was found to be a key factor to regulate the secretion of GnRH and the onset of puberty.Kisspeptin interacts with its receptor GPR54.which expressed on the hypothalamic GnRH neurons.and affects GnRH pulsatile release and the onset of puberty.GPR54 gene mutation causes the incidence of GnRH-dependent precocious puberty.

Melatonin has neuroprotective effect on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD), which easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and plays neuroprotective role in reducing oxidative damage. Melatonin may be effective in preventing learing diabilities. It has been suggested that melatonin soporific effect is secondary to its ability to induce hypothermia. Neuroprotective effect of hypothmia has been proved. Howere, it is clear that hypothemia will not provide complete protection of HIBD and melatonin might augment protection of hypothemia in HIBD.

Objective To analyze half amount triptorelin in patients with endometriosis after application . Methods According to digifal table ,86 patients with endometriosis were randomly divided into the two groups:the observation group(43 cases)and the control group(43 cases).All patients were treated with laparoscopy .The patients in the observation group were treated through half amount triptorelin ,while the control group was treated through whole amount triptorelin .They were treated for six months .Serum carbohydrate antigen 125 ( CA125 ) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) were measured before and after treatment .Results The groups of patients were successfully operated.The total effective rates in the control group were 97.7%in the control group and 95.3%in the observation group,there was no significant difference (χ2 =1.46,P>0.05).1-year follow-up after surgery,the control group had 5 cases of recurrence ,the recurrence rate was 11.6%,the observation group had 4 cases of recurrence ,the recurrence rate was 9.3%,there was no significant difference (χ2 =0.92,P>0.05).After treatment,serum CA125 and TNF-αwere significantly lowered,but levels of serum CA125 and TNF-αafter treatment had no significant difference (t=0.773,0.131,P>0.05).During treatment,the control group had 15 cases of adverse reactions ,the rate was 34.9%and the observation group had 5 cases of adverse reactions,the rate was 11.6%.The observation group should be significantly less than the control group (χ2 =6.78,P<0.05).Conclusion Half amount triptorelin had the quite effect with whole amout and fewer adverse reactions .

Procalcitonin (PCT)is a biomarker of early bacterial infection,and it can reflect severity of infection,and regarded as a prognostic factor.Community acquired pneumonia(CAP) is the main mortality and morbidity cause of children under 5 years old.The diagnosis of CAP mainly depends on clinical symptoms and chest radioactivity and regular blood test,and absent of specific indications,and mainly depends on clinicians experiences.The diagnosis and prognosis values in children CAP have been proved by many clinical trials.This paper reviews the clinical value of PCT on children CAP.

Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for asthma.Vitamin A plays important roles in maintaining airway epithelium phenotype,suppressing airway hyperresponsiveness,inducing immune tolerance and regulating airway inflammation,etc.The value of Vitamin A in asthma prevention and treatment has received wild attention but is still controverial.Vitamin A receptors are wildly expressed and the mechanisms are complex,more studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between Vitamin A and asthma.Besides,asthma is a polygenetic disease caused by environmental and genetic factors,and the current clinical studies of Vitamin A for prevention and treatment of asthma are not consistent.New epidemiologic studies about Vitamin A and asthma should take environmental and genetic factors into consideration.This article gives an overview about the research progress of the relationship between Vitamin A and asthma.