Objective:To investigate in vitro metabolism method and HPLC method for the dextromethorphan.Methods:Total protein of normal liver specimens metabolismed dextromethorphan in vitro.An HPLC method with fluorescence was developed to study the contents of dextromethorphan and metabolites by joining an internal standard(Adriamycin).Methanol-10mmol/l,sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution(50:50,contain 0.01% sodium heptanesulfonate,5% triethylamine,pH 3.5)was used to the mobile phase.Results:Total protein of normal liver specimens metabolismed dextromethorphan in vitro efficiently with coenzyme,Mg~(2+), suitable temperature and pH value.Dextromethorphan and metabolites were analyed by HPLC method with fluorescence.The metabolic rate of dextromethorphan was 16.09%.Conclusion:It is suggested that the metabolism method of dextromethorphan in vitro is simple,convenient and accurate.It can be used for the determination of metabolism dextromethorphan in vitro.

Objective To study the correlation between economic status and quality of life among patients with chronic ob -structive pulmonary diseases ( COPD) in Xinzhou region of Shanxi province .Methods One hundred forty -eight COPD patients in rural and urban area were randomly selected for the survey , and they filled out a questionnaire and we also accessed to medical records . The survey contains included economic burden on patients , medical expenses and mortality et al .Further to analyze the correlation be-tween economic status and quality of life in patients with COPD .Results For patients with COPD , economic burden in rural area was severe than those in urban area in economically backward areas in Xinzhou region ( P <0.05 ) , the investment on treatment in rural area was lower than in urban area ( P <0.05 ) , the quality of life in rural area was poorer than in urban area ( P <0.05 ) .Conclu-sions Backward economic situation severely restricts the treatment and quality of life in patients with COPD , and it increases the fi-nancial burden on the patient's family.It is necessary to increase the government investment , strengthen social management , and to carry out the supporting work for the patients with COPD in economically backward areas .

Objectives:To investigate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and somatostatin in the treatment of acute pancreatits. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups. Group A was patients treated from 1990 to 1994 with traditional non operative methods. Group B was patients treated from 1995 to 2000 with traditional methods plus both TPN and somatostatin. Results: In group B, morbidity, mortality and hospital stay were improved when compared with group A. The serum albumin concentration was below the normal at the beginning and was not different between the two groups. After the treatment of 15 days,the serum albumin concentration of group B was increased significantly and it remained almost the same in group A. Conclusions: Somatostatin and TPN can significantly improve the treatment effects of acute pancreatitis.

Objective To explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Functional Ability of Visually Impaired Questionnaire (CfaVIQ) by using Rasch Analysis. Methods The faVIQ was translated and adapted into the Chinese-version faVIQ (CfaVIQ). The CfaVIQ was completed by 215 visionlly impaired patients. The data were Rasch-analyzed with the Rating Scale Model of Andrich for calculating item fit statistics, determining the separation index by using Winsteps Rasch measurement program. Results Rasch model analysis indicated individual separation index (3.55) and project separation index (8.01) were both arithmetic greater than 2; the inlier-sensitive fit Mean Square (infitMnSq) and outlier-sensitive fit Mean Square (outfitMnSq) of Items, Persons were both within the range of 0.5-1.5, indicating great coincidence to the model;Wright map analysis showed the distribution of the sample ability and item difficulty was ideally normal. Coefficient of internal consistency was 3.55, separation reliability was 0.93. Pearson correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.92. Pearson correlation coefficient between CfaVIQ and vision (-0.67), visual acuity (-0.14). The National Eye Institute 25 Item Visual Function Questionnarie (NEI-VFQ25) (0.79) indicated a good construct validity. All the items′outfitMnSq, except outfitMnSq>1.5 of item 10 and item 23,were within the range of 0.5-1.5. Criterion Validity was 0.922 (95%CI:0.858-0.987). Conclusions The CfaVIQ is a culturally specific vision quality of life measure instrument. It can sensitively assess the quality-of-life in the visually impaired group. Rasch measurement model can provide comprehensive and positive information and has good application prospects for analysis of CfaVIQ.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position + 10225 in adiponectin receptor 1 gene and type 2 diabetes.Methods The genotypes of + 10225C/G of adiponectin receptor 1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 200 type 2 diabetes and 100 health controls.Fasting blood samples of all cases were obtained to extract DNA and detect genotype.Statistical software spss 13.0 was used to analyzed.Results Frequency of G-type allele in type 2 diabetes was 40.5％,that in normal controls was 23.5％,there was significant diffierences in the genotype frequencies of SNP+10225 between type 2 diabetes and health controls (x2 =128.0,P＜0.01).Conclusion AdipoR1 + 10225C/G polymorphism was probably associated with type 2 diabetes,G-type allele might be a genetic risk factor of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To observe the anesthetic effects of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection in oral treatment of elder patients.Methods 66 teeth of 56 elder patients were treated.Pain intensity was scaled by VAS.Pulse and blood pressure were observed before and after drugs administration for 0,5 minutes.ResuIts Pain during injection of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection and surgery subsequently was rare.The total respouse rate was 95%～100%.No significent toxic effects were found.Pulse and blood pressure remained after injection.Conclusion Articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection was one of local anesthetics with good infiltration,safety and anesehetic effect.It would be more widely used in elder patients oral treatment field in the future.

Objective:Dual-track teaching mode in higher colleges and universities of Chinese medicine in clinical pathology teaching reform and practice, so as to change the phenomenon of university students of traditional Chinese medicine western medicine foundation weak, and improve the teaching quality of clinical pathology.Methods: We use the traditional teaching method (LBL) and teaching method of the problem-based learning (PBL) to make double-track recess internship teaching model in clinical pathology, and in practice use the access type, interactive type and potential mining methods to motivate the students’ learning.Results: The dual-track teaching model realizes complementary teaching effect of a variety of teaching methods, makes the teaching quality enhance unceasingly. It not only exercises the students’ ability of autonomous learning, cultivate the students’ clinical thinking, but also stimulates students’ imagination and improves the students’ ability to analyze and solve practical problems.Conclusion: The dual-track teaching mode is worth popularizing in the higher colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine, and it can improve the students’ comprehensive quality and innovation and make it better from students to the role of the doctor.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of enteroclysis of Chinese crude drug in treating different stages of chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods:Forty one inpatients with CRF in the nephrology were summarized,who had taken on the treatment with enteroclysis.At the end of the treatment,the change of symptoms and BUN,Scr,Ccr of the inpatients with CRF were recorded and statistically analyzed retrospectiveiy.Results:The total effective rate of enteroclysis in treating CRF was 58.54%,the patients whose Ccr was at the stage of 20-10ml/min reached 75.00%,while Scr,BUN decreased signifi cantly and Ccr rose markedly(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of magnetic attachments in complete overdenture. Methods Casting method was used to fabricate Coping-Keepers for remained roots, and the patients were followed up for 6 months to check the effects of the overdentures retained with Magfit EX attachments. In the experimental group, 21 complete overdentures were made with 33 Magfit EX magnetic attachments for 18 patients. Eleven patients treated with traditional complete overdentures were selected to act as control. The retention force, aspect and comfortableness were subjectively evaluated by the patients of the both groups. Abutment status was observed and compared before and after cementation of the magnetic attachments by measuring periodontal index, including gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and bleeding on probing (BOP), etc. Masticatory function of patients in the both groups was measured at 3 time points: immediate, 3 months and 6 months after cementation. Results Patients in experimental group were more satisfied with complete overdentures made up of magnetic attachments than those in control group, especially in retention force and masticatory efficiency and aspect. Magnetic attachments can provide enough retention force for patients and greatly improved the masticatory efficiency and the abutment condition. The masticatory function was to be perfect and stable after 3-6 months. Furthermore, the mobility and periodontal index of most abutments improved after 6 months. Conclusion It is proved that magnetic attachments are effective to improve the function of complete overdentures, worthy to be used widely. It is suggested that the residual root and loosened tooth should be preserved furthest as possible in clinic.

Objective To understand the subjective perception and influential factors of physical assessment technique in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in the six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 11 items in this questionnaire. The first four were: physical assessment is an essential skill of nurses (88.1%),the importance of continuous learning (84.8%), lack of maturity assessment tools (79.8%), heavy workload,lack of time (60.8%). The result of multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that hospital-level and regional were the main factors affecting the subjective perception. Conclusions The development of physical assessment reies mainly on rational allocation of human resources structure, establishing the physical assessment framework, and make sure different departments have their own characteristics and the importance of continuing education.