The metabolic syndrome,as a group of concurrent cardiovascular risk factors,is attributed to both genetic and environmental causes and correlated with many gene polymorphisms and their mutations,such as adiponectin gene,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene,lamin protein A/C gene,uncoupling protein 2 gene,?-adrenic receptor gene and some other inflammation marker genes.This paper reviews the advances in the studies of the gene polymorphisms associated with the metabolic syndrome.

Objectives This paper aimed at exploring the principles and strategies of TCM terminology translation by analyzing the translation of four-character pathogenesis TCM terms of spleen and stomach. Methods Among the verb translation of four-character pathogenesis TCM terms of spleen and stomach from the three prominent national and international dictionaries of TCM terminologies, the researcher chose 12 verbs to conduct a comparative study analyzing the similarities and differences of the English translation under the guidance of accuracy and systematization, two main principles of terminology translation. Results A recommended translation version of these 12 verbs was provided. Conclusion This paper suggested that verb transltion is the key in four-character TCM terminology translation, and verb should be translated in the form of noun and V-ing. TCM terminology translation should employ the principle of accuracy and systematization, together with simplicity, nationality and back-translation.

Objective To learn the change trend of live newborn birth condition from 1987 to 2011 in Hongjiang people′s hospi-tal .Methods Cluster sampling was adopted and altogether 2 711 singleton live newborns in 1987 ,1995 ,2005 ,2011 year were retro-spectively analyzed .Results From 1987 to 2011 ,the birth weight changes of live newborn overall showed an increasing trend .The sex ratio of birth appeared rising after 1995 ,especially apparent in parous wowen and rural areas .Incidence of macrosomia showed an increasing trend ,the post-term infant delivery rate decreased after 1995 .Low birth weight infant and premature infant birth rate trend was not obvious .Conclusion 25 years in Hongjiang people`s hospital ,the overall trend of live newborn birth outcomes is good which prompts that the quality of perinatal care in the hospital is improved .In the future ,the perinatal health care should focuse on taking effective comprehensive measures to control the growth of the birth sex ratio and the incidence of macrosomia .

Objective To investigate the effect and clinical application of two kinds of endoscopic titanium clip in treatment of iatrogenic or iatrogenic perforation of duodenal descending part. Methods For 15 cases of perforation of duodenal descending part, according to the specific location of the perforation, select different endoscopic, compare the closing efficiency and success rate. Results 8 cases closed under gastroscopy in 15 cases of descending part of duodenum perforation, successfully closed in 7 cases, success rate was 87.5 %; 7 cases closed under duodenoscopy, successfully closed in 7 cases, the success rate 100.0%. 14 cases successfully closed by endoscopic titanium clip in 15 cases, 1 case failed, the success rate was 93.3 %. The effective titanium clip quantity, invalid (loss) titanium clip quantity and the closing time between the two groups has no statistically significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion It is safe and effective to use two kinds of endoscopic titanium clips in treatment of iatrogenic or iatrogenic duodenal per-foration.

Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is one of the most methods in the transgenic animal research and the efficiency of spermatozoa binding and internalization exogenous DNA after sperm/DNA co-culture is important to a successful SMGT.In this study,the influencing factors of exogenous DNA uptake by spermatozoa were detected using DIG labeled EGFP as exogenous gene.The results demonstrated that porcine spermatozoa could spontaneously take up exogenous DNA which mainly binding occurs on the sub-acrosomal and nuclei region of the sperm head.The rate of spermatozoa binding exogenous DNA increased with the extending action of time.At 37℃ and 39℃,the rate of spermatozoa uptake exogenous DNA would not increase after 60 min incubation,and the similar result was observed on 90 min at 17℃.Binding rates and internalization rates of washed ejaculated sperm cells from the 15 boars varied between 6.57%-35.81% and 2.990%-24.66%,respectively.The binding rate and intemalization rate were mostly inhibited by seminal plasma.The binding rates were significantly increased by liposome and DMSO,respectively.Dead-spermatozoa could bind exogenous DNA,the intermalization process could not be completed.Furthermore,the highest binding rate was found in membrane broken spermatozoa as a result of freeze-thawing and this was independent of the sperm donors.

Objective To achieve arabinose-controlled expression of HtrA strain and detect the expression of HtrA protein.Methods Arabinose promoter with htrA100 was amplified from pACD-htrA vector by PCR and cloned into pGP704 vector.Then, Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 was transferred with the recombinant plasmid pGD-htrA and an AraC-expression vector .The expressions of HtrA in whole-cell and periplasmic space were detected by Western blotting .Results The suicide plasmid-mediated homologous recombinant vector and the inducible HtrA expression strain were successfully constructed.Without arabinose,HtrA protein was hardly detected ,but in the presense of arabinose , HtrA protein could be detected in whole-cell lysate and in periplasmic space lysate by Western blot .Conclusion Homologous recombination using suicide plasmid can significantly knock down the expression of HtrA protein .After being induced with arabinose , HtrA protein can be expressed normally .

BACKGROUND: The silk fibroin/type II collagen composite scaffold has been prepared by low-temperature bio-3D printing technology in the previous study and the scaffold has good mechanical properties. Studies have shown that mechanical stimulation is beneficial to bone remodeling, and gradient loading strain is beneficial to the activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. OBJECTIVE: To co-culture silk fibroin/type II collagen composite scaffolds with chondrocytes under compression loading, to observe the proliferation of cells, and to observe the preliminary repair effect of silk fibroin/type II collagen composite scaffold on cartilage defects. METHODS: The silk fibroin/type II collagen composite scaffold was prepared by low-temperature 3D printing to detect the porosity of the scaffold. The passage 3 mouse chondrocytes ADTC-5 were inoculated on the silk fibroin/type II collagen composite scaffold and cultured under static culture and mechanical load respectively. (1) Static culture: blank scaffold was set as control, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days of inoculation. (2) Culture under mechanical load: blank scaffold was set as control. At 1 day after inoculation, 0％, 1％, 5％, 10％, 15％, 20％ compressive strains were applied to the cell-scaffold complex, and continued to load for 3 days. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, and the distribution, adhesion and morphology of the cells on the scaffold were observed by scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining. A cartilage defect of 3.5 mm in diameter was made in the bilateral knee joint of New Zealand rabbits. The silk fibroin/type II collagen composite scaffold was implanted onto the left side, and no material was implanted onto the right side. The repair site was observed at 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The porosity of the scaffold was (89.3±3.26)％, which was conducive to cell attachment. (2) After 5 days of static culture, the chondrocytes proliferated well on the surface of the composite scaffold. Under 0％, 1％, 5％, 10％, 15％, 20％ compressive strains, the cell proliferation on the scaffold first increased and then decreased, wherein the cell proliferation was highest under 10％ compressive strain, and lowest under 20％ compressive strain. (4) Under the scanning electron microscopy, the chondrocytes in the 0％ load group were distributed in the surface of the scaffold with irregularities, the cell morphology was obvious, and the cell protrusions were fully extended. There were few or no chondrocytes on the contact surface of the 10％ load group, and more cells distributed on the lateral and internal surfaces of the first layer, but the cell morphology was flat with obvious protrusions. (5) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the chondrocytes in the 0％ load group were concentrated on the surface of the scaffold, and there were almost no cells in the pores, while the chondrocytes in the 10％ load group were distributed in the scaffold pores. (6) There was still a circular defect model with no scaffold implantation, and no obvious repair appeared; similar hyaline cartilage appeared in the defect after scaffold implantation, but there was no adhesion to the surrounding defected cartilage, and the new hyaline cartilage was independent. Overall, the adsorption, proliferation and growth of chondrocytes on the silk fibroin-type II collagen scaffolds is better when the compressive strain is 10％, and the composite scaffold can be used as a repair material for cartilage defects.

Objective To investigate the influence of different cell structures on the static and dynamic mechanical performance of porous titanium alloy scaffolds,and to provide a theoretical mechanical basis for the application of scaffolds in the repair of mandibular bone defects.Methods Porous titanium alloy scaffolds with diamond,cubic,and cross-sectional cubic cell structures were manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology.Uniaxial compression tests and ratcheting fatigue with compression load tests were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic mechanical performances of scaffolds with different cell structures.Results The elastic moduli of the diamond cell,cross-sectional cubic cell,and cubic cell scaffolds were 1.17,0.566,and 0.322 GPa,respectively,and the yield strengths were 71.8,65.1,and 31.8 MPa,respectively.After reaching the stable stage,the ratcheting strains of the cross-sectional cubic,diamond,and cubic cell scaffolds were 3.3%,4.0%,and 4.5%,respectively.The ratcheting strain increased with increasing average stress,stress amplitude,and peak holding time,and decreased with increasing loading rate.Conclusions The evaluation results of the static mechanical performance showed that the diamond cell scaffold was the best,followed by the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold and the cubic cell scaffold.The evaluation results of the dynamic mechanical performance showed that the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold performed the best,followed by the diamond cell scaffold,whereas the cubic cell scaffold performed the worst.The fatigue performance of the scaffold is affected by the loading conditions.These results provide new insights for scaffold construction for the repair of mandibular bone defects and provide an experimental basis for further clinical applications of this scaffold technology.

The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells,dominated by lactobacilli.Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age,as well as cervical,fecal,and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women.Factors such as pregnancy history,delivery history,cesarean section,and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome,and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical micro-biome data.Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut.The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history.Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity,heavy flow,dysmenor-rhea,and contraceptives were also identified.Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause.Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome.Gut and salivary microbiomes,plasma vitamins,metals,amino acids,and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome.Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.

ObjectiveTo investigate the optimal ratio of goat horn replacing antelope horn in Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills and the blood pressure-lowering mechanism of this medicine. MethodsThe blood pressure-lowering efficacy of Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills with varying proportions of goat horn replacing antelope horn was evaluated on spontaneous hypertensive rats （SHR）. In this experiment， 50 SHR rats were randomly grouped as follows： model （n=8）， captopril （0.01 g·kg^-1） （n=6）， low-dose blank Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.342 g·kg^-1） （n=6）， high-dose blank Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.684 g·kg^-1） （n=6）， low-dose antelope horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.378 g·kg^-1） （n=6）， high-dose antelope horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.756 g·kg^-1） （n=6）， low-dose goat horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.378 g·kg^-1） （n=6）， and high-dose goat horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.756 g·kg^-1） （n=6）. Additionally， 8 WKY rats were used as the normal group. Drugs were administered by gavage for 4 weeks while an equal volume of distilled water was administered for the normal and model groups. Blood pressure was measured before administration， 3 h post administration， and biweekly thereafter. In the experiment for Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills with goat horn replacing antelope horn in different proportions， 48 SHR rats were randomly grouped as follows： model， blank Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.684 g·kg^-1）， antelope horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.756 g·kg^-1）， 2× goat horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.824 g·kg^-1）， 4× goat horn Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （0.969 g·kg^-1）， and 6× goat horn Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills （1.112 g·kg^-1）. The normal group included 8 WKY rats， and the normal group and model group received an equal volume of distilled water. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks， and blood pressure was recorded at various time points （pre-administration， 3 h post administration， and on days 4， 7， 10， and 14 of administration）. Serum levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme （ACE）， angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）， renin， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathological changes in the heart， kidney， and thoracic aorta were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The protein levels of ACE2， angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor （AT1R）， and angiotensinogen （AGT） in the kidney tissue were determined by Western blot， while the expression of nuclear factor （NF）-κB p65 and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） in the thoracic aorta tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. ResultsCompared with the model group， all treatment groups showed lowered blood pressure （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the 6× goat horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills group showed consistent blood pressure-lowering effect with the antelope horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills group. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated serum levels of ACE， Ang Ⅱ， renin， and IL-6， while the elevations were declined in the Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Pathological changes in the heart， kidney， and thoracic aorta were alleviated in all the treatment groups， with the 6× goat horn- and antelope horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills groups exhibited the best effect. Western blot and immunohistochemistry results showed that all the treatment groups exhibited down-regulated protein levels of AT1R， AGT， NF-κB p65， and TLR4 and up-regulated protein levels of ACE2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） compared with model group， with the 6×goat horn- and antelope horn-containing Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills groups showcasing the best effect. ConclusionReplacing antelope horn with 6×goat horn in Fufang Lingjiao Jiangya pills can achieve consistent blood pressure-lowering effect with the original prescription. The prescription may exert the effect by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS） and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.