AIM:To investigate the interaction of polymorphisms of resistin gene promoter -420C/G, cyto-chromes P4501A1-MspI and cigarette smoking in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).METHODS: The genetic polymorphisms in resistin gene promoter -420C/G and CYP1A1-MspI were analyzed by the technique of polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) in peripheral blood leukocytes of 900 NAFLD cases and 900 healthy persons.RESULTS:The frequencies of -420C/G (GG) and CYP1A1-MspI (m2/m2) were 49.75%and 50.08%in NAFLD cases and 24.00%and 24.25%in healthy controls, respectively.Statistical tests showed a significant difference in the frequencies between the 2 groups ( P<0.01).The risk of NAFLD with -420C/G (GG) was significantly higher than that of controls.Individuals who carried with CYP1A1-MspI (m2/m2) had a high risk of NAFLD.Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the per-centages of -420C/G (GG)/CYP1A1-MspI (m2/m2) in NAFLD and control groups were 39.83% and 12.83%, re-spectively (P<0.01).The people who carried with -420C/G (GG)/CYP1A1-MspI(m2/m2) had a high risk in NAFLD group.The cigarette smoking rate in NAFLD group was signi-ficantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.01) , and the statistic analysis suggested an interaction between cigarette smoking and -420C/G (GG) and CYP1A1-MspI (m2/m2), which increased the risk of NAFLD.CONCLUSION: -420C/G (GG), CYP1A1-MspI (m2/m2) and cigarette smoking are the risk factors in NAFLD.The interactions between genetic polymorphisms in -420C/G, CYP1A1-MspI ( m2/m2) and cigarette smoking increase the risk of NAFLD.

AIM:Toinvestigatetheinteractionofpolymorphismsofintercellularadhesionmolecule-1(ICAM-1) gene K469E and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene -2518A/G in the invasion and metastasis of gas-tric carcinoma .METHODS:Based on TNM classification , 4 500 patients with confirmed gastric carcinoma from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in China from December 2009 to November 2014 were divided into stageⅠ group, stageⅡgroup, stageⅢgroup, stageⅣgroup, and stage 0 group, with 900 cases in each group.No significant difference among the 5 groups in age, gender, ethnicity, birthplace and living habit was observed .The genetic polymor-phisms of ICAM-1 gene K469E and MCP-1 gene -2518A/G were analyzed by the technique of polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) in peripheral blood leukocytes of above-mentioned cases .RESULTS:Statistical tests showed signi-ficant differences in the frequencies of K469E (EE) and -2518A/G (GG) among each group (P<0.01).The risk of the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma significantly increased in subjects with K 469E ( EE) genotype and in those with -2518A/G (GG) genotype.Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that distribution frequency of K 469E (EE)/-2518A/G ( GG) in stage Ⅰ group, stage Ⅱ group, stage Ⅲ group, stage Ⅳ group and stage 0 group was 39.22%, 53.22%, 59.22, 65.44%and 12.11%, respectively (P<0.01).The people who carried with K469E (EE)/-2518A/G ( GG) had a high risk of the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma , and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction in a super-multiplicative model between K469E (EE) and -2518A/G (GG) in increasing the risk of the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma .CONCLUSION: ICAM-1 gene K469E ( EE) and MCP-1 gene-2518A/G ( GG) are the risk factors in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma , and significant interactions be-tween genetic polymorphisms of K 469E and -2518A/G added the risk of the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma .

Objective To explore clinical efficacy and safety of combining acupuncture and Dalitong granule in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Methods A total of 240 patients with confirmed functional dyspepsia were randomly recruited into four groups: a combination group, a acupuncture group, a Dalitong granule group and a control group. Symptom score, plasma motilin, gastric emptying, total effective rate and adverse reaction were observed before and after the reatment in four groups. Results The symptom score, plasma motilin, and gastric emptying were improved in every group after the treatment (P＜0.01 ). Above-mentioned detecting indexes were better in the combination group than other groups (P＜ 0.05).The total effective rate was 96.67% in the combination group, showing significant difference comparing with other groups (P ＜0.05 ) . No serious adverse reaction occurred in each group. Conclusion Combined treatment of acupuncture and Dalitong granule can increase plasma motilin, promote gastric emptying, alleviate the symptom of functional dyspepsia, and increase total effective rate, with better security and tolerance.

Objective To explore the expression of CTGFmRNA and MDA in rats with alcoholic hepatic fibrosis and intervention of Huangqi injection on them.Methods 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:a normal group,a model group,and a Huangqi injection group.Alcohol was intragastricly administrated for 16 weeks to induce the model of hepatic fibrosis.At the same time of modeling,The Huangqi injection was injected into tail vein of rats in the Huangqi injection group.The rats were killed after 16 weeks.The histomorphylogic structure of the liver tissues were observed under optical microscope;The levels of MDA in liver tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay,and the expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)mRNA were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with the model group.the destructions and proliferations of collagen fibers were lightened,fiber cords were loosened and narrowed swelling of liver cells and degeneration were alleviated,infiltrating cells got decreased(P＜0.01)in the treated groups;Compared with the model group,the collagen area,the MDA and CTGFmRNA expression in liver tissue were decreased obviously in Huangqi injection group(P＜0.01).The expression level of MDA and CTGFmRNA was positively correlated with collagen area(R_1=0.571,P＜0.05;R_2=0.558,P＜0.05).Conclusion Huangqi injection can protect liver from chronic damage in rats and obviously decrease hepatic fibrosis,which is closely correlated to its inhibiting the expression of CTGFmRNA in liver tissues and anti-lipid peroxidation.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the expressions of Toll-like receptor4/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signa-ling pathways in rat ulcerative colitis (UC)induced by the combined enema of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid and ethano and the interventional effect of electroacupuncture on them.Methods Totally 240 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model control group,electroacupuncture group,TLR4mAb group,LY294002 group,and TLR4mAb combined with LY294002 (T&L)group.The combined enema of trinitro-benzene sulphonic acid (TNB)and ethanol was intrarectally administered for 4 weeks to induce UC.At the same time of modeling ,Zusanli point was electro-acupunctured in electroacupuncture group while intraperitoneal injec-tion of TLR4mAb and LY294002 was given respectively to the corresponding group.Each rat was treated with the above-mentioned TLR4mAb injection and LY294002 injection in T&L group for 4 weeks.The disease activity index (DAI)of all the rats was evaluated daily.The rats were killed after 4 weeks.The colonic mucosa damage index (CMDI)and tissue damage index (TDI)were evaluated by a pathologic grading system.The expressions of P-Akt and active NF-κB protein in the colon mucosa were determined by Western blotting.TLR4 mRNA,PI3K mRNA, AKT mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions were measured with RT-PCR.Results Compared with those in normal control group,TLR4 mRNA,PI3K mRNA,P-AKT,active NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions as well as DAI,CMDI and TDI were all increased obviously in model control group (P <0.01).Compared with those in model control group,TLR4mRNA expression was decreased obviously in TLR4mRNA group (P <0.01),the expressions of PI3KmRNA and P-AKT were decreased obviously in LY294002 group (P <0.01 ).Not only TLR4mRNA expression but also PI3KmRNA and P-AKT expressions were decreased significantly in electroacupuncture group and T&L group (P <0.01 ).Corresponding to the above-mentioned chan-ges,active NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions as well as DAI,CMDI and TDI were decreased obvi-ously in all the treated groups compared with those in model control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01),but the six inde-xes were better in electroacupuncture group and T&L group than in TLR4mAb group and LY294002 group (P <0.05).There were obvious positive correlations of active NF-κB with TNF-αmRNA and IL-1β mRNA expressions (r 1 =0.579,P <0.05;r 2 =0.561,P <0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can significantly decrease NF-κB activity and TNF-αmRNA and IL-1β mRNA expressions in UC rats,thus alleviating the severity of UC,which is closely correlated to its blocking both TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Currently, there is no effective Western medical therapy for functional constipation and it significantly impacts the quality of life of the patients. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapies were reported to have better therapeutic effects than routine Western medicine therapies.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between drinking behavior and polymorphism combination of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genes and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe genetic polymorphisms of EC-SOD and ALDH2 were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of 750 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and 750 non-cancer controls.

RESULTSThe frequencies of EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes were 38.27% and 69.47% in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and 21.07% and 44.40% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies between the two groups (P < 0.01). The risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma with EC-SOD (C/G) was significantly higher than that of controls (OR = 2.32). Individuals carrying ALDH2 variant genotypes had high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 2.85). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentages of EC-SOD (C/G)/ALDH2 variant genotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma and control groups were 30.67% and 6.80%, respectively (P < 0.01). Individuals carrying EC-SOD (C/G)/ALDH2 variant genotypes had high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 8.13). The drinking rate of the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR = 2.70). Statistical analysis suggested an interaction between drinking and EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes, which increase risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 25.00).

CONCLUSIONEC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes and drinking are the risk factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which could carry out a coordinated attack of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drinking ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Superoxide Dismutase

Objective To investigate the relationship of the interaction between age and polymorphisms of E-selectin gene A561C, chemokine receptor CCR2 gene A190G with the susceptibility, invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Methods Based on tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging classification, 750 patients with confirmed gastric carcinoma in our hospital from December 2011 to November 2014 were divided into 5 groups: stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ , stage Ⅲ, stage Ⅳ and stage 0 (n=150, each).No significant difference was observed in gender, ethnicity, birthplace and living habits among the 5 groups.Meanwhile, 750 healthy controls were selected in this study during the same time, and there was no significant difference in gender, ethnicity and birthplace between the healthy controls and patients with gastric carcinoma.The genetic polymorphisms of E-selectin gene A561C and chemokine receptor CCR2 gene A190G were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs).Results The frequencies of CC (A561C) and GG (A190G) genotypes were 56.5％ and 56.8％ respectively in gastric carcinoma cases and 22.8％ and 23.1％ respectively in healthy controls, with statistically significant differences in the distribution frequencies between the two groups (P＜0.01 for all).The risk for gastric carcinoma significantly increased in subjects with CC (A561C) genotype (OR=4.4038, 95％CI=2.9421-7.2397) and in GG (190A/G) genotype (OR=4.3852, 95％ CI =2.8207-7.4942).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the distribution frequency of CC (A561C) genotype / GG (190A/G) genotype in gastric carcinoma cases and healthy controls was 46.4％ and 11.9％ respectively (P＜0.01).The positive interactions of age with CC (A561C) genotype and GG (190A/G) genotype for the risk of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma were found (γ＞1 for both).The distribution frequencies of CC (A561C) genotype and GG (190A/G) genotype were 50.0％ and 50.0％ in stage Ⅰ , 63.4％ and 64.0％ in stage Ⅱ ,69.3％ and 69.3％ in stage Ⅲ, 76.7％ and 77.3％ in stage Ⅳ, and 23.3％ and 23.3％ in stage 0 respectively.Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution frequencies between stage 0 and the other 4 stages (P＜0.01 for all).The risks for the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma were significantly increased in subjects with CC (A561C) genotype (ORⅠ-Ⅳ =3.2857-10.7959) and in those with GG (190A/G) genotype (ORⅠ-Ⅳ =3.2857-11.2101).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that distribution frequency of CC (A561C) genotype / GG (190A/G) genotype had significant differences between the stage Ⅰ ～Ⅳ and stage 0 (39.3％, 53.3％, 59.3％,68.0％ vs.12.0％, P＜0.01).The proportion of elderly subjects were higher in Grade Ⅰ ～Ⅳ than in Grade 0 (51.3％, 62.7％, 70.0％, 75.3％ vs.26.7％, P＜0.01 for all).The risk for invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma was significantly increased in elderly patients (ORⅠ-Ⅳ =2.9001 ～8.3986).The positive interactions of age with CC (A561C) genotype and GG (190A/G) genotype for the risk of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma were found (γ＞ 1 for All).Conclusions Age and E-selectin gene A561C (CC) and chemokine receptor CCR2 gene A190G (GG) are the risk factors for the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, and the interactions between age and genetic polymorphisms increase the risk of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the correlation of interaction between polymorphisms of prothrombin gene G20210A in 3' untranslated region and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene C399T in 5' untranslated region with thrombin activity in plasma and the pathological stages of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Based on TNM method,we selected 198 patients with stage Ⅰ esophageal carcinoma,198 with stage Ⅱ,198 with stage Ⅲ,and 198 with stage Ⅳ from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from May 2011 to August 2015 for this study;198 patients with esophageal carcinoma of stage 0 served as the control group.The thrombin activity in plasma were determined by chromogenic substrate assay.The genetic polymorphisms of prothrombin gene G20210A in 3' untranslated region and TFPI gene C399T in 5' untranslated region in peripheral blood leukocytes of the above-mentioned patients were analyzed by PCR-RFLP technique.Unconditional logistic regression model and single factor analysis were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (95％ CI) of polymorphisms prothrombin gene G20210A and TFPI gene C399T polymorphisms and to analyze the interaction of nucleotide polymorphisms with thrombin activity in plasma and the pathological stages of esophageal carcinoma.Results The frequencies of G20210A (GA),G20210A (AA),C399T (CT) and C399T (TT) were 24.24％,26.77％,24.24％ and 25.76％ in stage Ⅰ group;34.34％,37.37％,34.85％ and 36.36％ in stage Ⅱ group;39.90％,42.93％,40.41％ and 41.92％ in stage Ⅲ group;45.45％,46.97％,45.35％ and 46.46 in stage Ⅳ group;and 13.64％,14.14％,13.13％ and 13.64％ in stage 0 group,respectively.Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies among each group (all P＜0.01).The risks of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma significantly increased in the subjects with G20210A,in those with G20210A(AA) genotype,in those with C399T (CT) genotype and in those with C399T (TT) genotype.Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of G20210A (AA)/C399T (TT) in stage Ⅰ group,stage Ⅱ group,stage Ⅲ group,stage Ⅳ group and stage 0 group was 7.07％,14.14％,18.18％,21.71％ and 1.52％,respectively,and statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequency among each group (all P＜0.01).People who carried G20210A(AA)/C399T(TT) had higher risks of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma,and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between G20210A (AA) and C399T (TT) in increasing the risks of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma (All γ＞ 1).Likewise,there were also positive interactions in the pathogenesis of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma between G20210A (GA) and C399T (TT),G20210A (GA) and C399T(CT),G20210A (AA) and C399T (CT) (All γ＞1).The thrombin activities in plasma in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were all significantly higher than those in stage 0 group,and there were significant differences among stage Ⅰ,stage Ⅱ,stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ in thrombin activities (all P＜0.01).Patients with mutation genotype had significantly higher thrombin activities than those with wild homozygous in the same TNM stage.Conclusion G20210A and C399T gene mutations are the risk factors in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.Significant interactions between G20210A and C399T mutations increase the risk of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma,which may be closely related to their increased thrombin activities in plasma.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine used in SEP and MEP monitoring in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Methods Eighty patients undergoing neurosurgery receiving SEP and MEP monitoring were randomly divided into 4 groups(n = 20 each):group C,group D1,group D2 and group D3. In groups D1 ,D2 and D3 ,dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was infused over 10 minutes before anesthesia induction,and then was infused at a rate of 0.1,0.3 and 0.5μg/(kg·h)respectively toward the end of operation. Group C received the equal volume of normal saline. HR ,MAP and BIS were recorded at admission to the operating room(T1),skin incision(T2),when the muscle relaxants were stopped(T3)and 50 minutes later(T4). The current intensity and the time when first MEP was induced after muscle relaxant was stopped ,the amplitudes and latencies of SEP(N20-P25,N20)and MEP on thenar muscle at T4,the total consumption of propofol,and development of adverse affects were also recorded. Results Compared with groups C and D1,HR and MAP were decreased at T2-T4 in groups D2 and D3(P<0.05). The amount of propofol consumed were lower in groups D2 and D3 than in groups C and D1(P < 0.05). The current intensity inducing MEP was lower and the amplitude of MEP at T4 was higher in group D2 than in groups C,D1 and D3,and the situation was same in group D3 than in group C (P<0.05). No significant change was found in the other parameters in groups C ,D1 ,D2 and D3(P>0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine infused at 0.3 μg/(kg · h) after infusion of a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg could improve monitoring quality of MEP through reducing the amount of propofol consumed ,have less inhibition on MEP than other groups,have no obvious effects on SEP,andmaintain hemodynamic stability.