ObjectiveTo compare the levels and locations of metalloprotionase-2（MMP-2），collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅵ in keratoconus and normal human corneas．MethodsAn immunoperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescent technique were used to visualize the presence of collagen types Ⅰ， Ⅵ and MMP-2．The immunohistochemical staining was further analyzed and the intensity of reaction products was measured with an Image-processing system．ResultsCollagen type Ⅰ was demonstrated immunohistochemicall and indirect immunofluorescent technique in the bowman and stroma layers；collagen type Ⅵ was in epithelium basement，bowman，stroma and descement layers；MMP-2 was in epithelium，stroma and endothelium of all corneal sections．Compared with normal control specimens，the staining intensity of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅵ was similar，while MMP-2 was markly increased．ConclusionsKeratoconus contained an increased level of MMP-2 and similar of collagen levels．These results lead further support to the hypothesis that degradation processes may be aberrant in keratoconus．

BACKGROUND: In China, diabetic patients suffer from various chronic complications with a higher prevalence, which is nearly close to that in developed countries. Especially in Xinjiang, the prevalence is much higher than the average level, and the level of disease control is very poor as a whole.OBJECTIVE: To study the actuality of controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xinjiang so as to analyze its relationship with disease courses.DESIGN: Cluster sampling and stratified analysis.SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, Xinjiang General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces.PARTICIPANTS: The survey was conducted at ten treatment centers of Xinjiang(the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang MedicalUniversity, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Urumchi Hospital of Air Force of Chinese PLA, Railway Hospital of Xinjing Uigur Autonomous Region, Military Unit Hospital of Xinjiang, Kuitun Central Hospital of Yili Region of Xinjiang, Kelamay People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Kuler People's Hospital of Xinjiang, the First Division Hospital of Xinjiang Military Unit for Produce and Building, Xinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine). Totally 646 type 2 diabetic patients who had received treatment for diabetes mellitus for 12 months, at any of the centers were randomly recruited with cluster sampling method including 337 males and 309 females. According to different courses of disease, the subjects were divided into 6 groups: 202 cases in group of ＜ 3 years, 89 in group of 3-4 years,89 in group of 5-6 years, 77 in group of 7-9 years, 108 in group of 10-14years, and 81 in group of ≥ 15 years. All the subjects agreed to participate in the survey.METHODS: Patients detected their blood sugar level and urine sugar level themselves with portable diabetograph and test paper. For them, there were at least four days per week to take diabetic diet which was considered as common diet control, and there were at least three days per week to participate in leisure activity and at least half an hour per day to spend in proper exercise which was considered as frequent exercise. Complications of diabetes mellitus were diagnosed with clinical manifestation, disease history and objective examination. The survey was performed through letter,telephone counseling, and patient's reexamination. Enumeration data was analyzed with chi-square test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in blood sugar, urine sugar, management of living style, prevalence of complications in all the diabetic patients with different courses of disease.RESULTS: There were 645, 645, 643, 646 patients with complete data of blood sugar and urine sugar determined periodically at home, participated in the observation of the management of living style, prevalence of diabetic complications and treatment for diabetes mellitus, respectively. ①There was no significant difference in blood sugar and urine sugar level deter mined at home every month among patients of different courses (P ＞ 0.05). ② There was no difference in diet control and exercise among patients of different courses (P ＞ 0.05). ③In patients with disease course of ＜ 15 years, prevalence of the complication in large vessels and extremity,retinopathy, and positive expression of proteinuria presented an increased tendency; whereas, a decreased tendency was found in patients with the disease course of ≥ 15 years(χ2=34.16,60.64,49.18,P=0.00). ④The proportion of applied therapies, such as diet control and exercise, oral antidiabetic drug, insulin, and insulin plus oral anti-diabetic drug, was different in patients with different disease courses (χ2=97.88 ,P=0.00). In patients with short disease courses, diet control or oral anti-diabetic drug was administrated more usually; in those with long disease courses, insulin treatment or insulin plus oral anti-diabetic drug was applied more frequently.CONCLUSION: ①Whether patients determine their blood sugar and urine sugar levels by themselves is not correlated with patients' disease courses. ②Diet control and exercise are not in correlation with disease courses. ③ For patients with the disease course of less than 15 years, the proportion of prevalence of various diabetic complications is increased with the increase of disease courses; for those with the disease course of more than 15 years, however, it is decreased significantly. ④Simple diet control or oral anti-diabetic drug is often applied in patients with short disease courses while insulin or insulin plus oral anti-diabetic drug are administrated in most patients with long disease courses.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of propofol on ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in isolated rat hearts and clarify the possible molecular mechanism from oxidative stress and the apoptosis initiated by mitochondria pathway. Methods The langendorff model of ischemia-reperfusion was used.Forty isolated perfused rat hearts were divided into control,I/R, propofol 15,30,60 ?mol?L-1 groups. Hearts were suffered globally ischemic for 25 min and 30 min with reperfusion. The cardiac function indexs such as the left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVDEP), heart rate (HR), coronary arterial flow (CF) were recorded at the time of equilibrate, before ischemia, the end of reperfusion respectively. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activities in the flow were measured. The swelling and activity of mitochondria, the activity of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (Mn-SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardium mitochondria were also determined. The incidence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated by Flow Cytometry(FCM). The expression of Caspase-3,8,9 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with I/R group, administration of propofol at the concentration of 30 and 60 ?mol?L-1 markedly ameliorated the cardiac function in CF,LVDP and LVDEP(P

Objective To study the spatial distribution character of brain evoked potential(BEP)in primary depressive illness(PDI)patients and the effect of Yi'nao Jieyu Formula.Methods Case control study and self-control study in Chinese herbal treatment group were conducted.Brain-stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)and visual evoked potential(VEP)of 60 PDI patients and 45 healthy controllers were recorded by BEP apparatus made in Italy.BAEP and VEP of 30 patients of PDI group were detected again after taking Yi'nao Jieyu Formula for 6 weeks.Results Latencies of whole waves in BAEP and VEP prolonged significantly in PDI group(P

Objective To characterize the expressiou of c-fos and c-jun in traumatic brain injury combined with tibial fracture in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty male SD rats were randomized into equal 2 groups (n =60).Models of traumatic brain injury combined with tibial fracture were established in the experimental group while models of simple tibial fracture in the control group.After animal cerebral cortex and tissues of fracture proximal ends were sampled,qPCR techniques were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of c-fos and c-jun at 6 time points of 1 h,3 h,5 h,1 w,3 wand4w (n=10) in both experimental and control groups.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the expression levels of c-jun or c-fos gene in the cerebral cortex or tibial samples at 1 h,3 h,5 h,1 w,3 w or 4 weeks after fracture (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of c-fos in the cerebral cortex peaked at 1 h in both groups (8.98 ± 3.06 & 8.48 ± 1.74),showing significant differences between the peak values and the low levels at other time points (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-jun in the cerebral cortex peaked at 4 w in both groups (3.94 ±0.59 & 3.91 ±0.41),showiug significant differences from other time points (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-fos in the tibial samples peaked at 1 w in both groups (1.99 ±0.27 & 1.94 ±0.27) and that of c-jun did too at 1 w in both groups (3.95 ±0.41 & 3.86 ±0.43),showing significant differences from other time points (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high expression levels of c-fos and c-jun in the brain tissue may not be associated with the high expression levels of c-fos and c-jun in the fracture region.

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of HIV infection in hospitalized patients and the prevention measures.METHODS The prevalence of HIV infection of the hospitalized patients in our General Hospital from Jan 2005 to Jun 2009 was investigated retrospectively.The time,population and endemic distribution of the HIV infected patients were analyzed.RESULTS Forty-eight HIV infected patients(19 HIV patients),were screened out from 271 955 hospitalized patients from Jan 2005 to Jun 2009 with year by year increasing.Most of HIV infected patients(62.5%) came from Beijing,Henan and Hebei provinces.Some sporadic patients came from other areas.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HIV infected patients among hospitalized patients in our hospital is increasing in recent years.The prevention measures in diagnosis and therapy process for these patients should be strengthened to reduce hospital infection.

From visual teaching aids,experiment phenomenon,imagination,clinical cases and the aspects such as daily life phenomenon and computer supplementary teaching,this article has discussed the application of“Image-thinking” in biochemistry teaching,and from the angle of medical educational reform,it has also discussed the importance of its raising the teaching effect.

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of statins improving endothelial function via observing the effect of a high single dose atorvastatin on endothelial dysfunction and peripheral blood leucocyte Rho kinase activity in patients with unstable angina (UA). Methods: A total of 78 consecutive UA patients admitted in our hospital from 2012-08 to 2014-02 were enrolled. The patients received a single dose of atorvastatin 80 mg on the day of admission. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of brachial artery was examined by high-resolution ultrasound at before and 12 hours after medication. Protein expression of phospho-speciifc Thr853-MYPT1 (p-MYPT1Thr853) and MYPT1 was measured by Western blot analysis; peripheral blood leukocyte Rho kinase activity was assayed by the proportion of phospho-Thr853 in myosin binding subunit of light chain phosphatase (MYPT1). Results: Compared to prior medication, with atorvastatin 80 mg for 12 hours, FMD was increased 28.15% as (6.50 ±1.68) % vs (8.33 ± 1.93) %,P<0.001 and peripheral blood leucocyte Rho kinase activity was decreased 32.78% as (58.91 ± 5.22) % vs (39.6 ± 3.85 ) %,P=0.002. Conclusion: High dose atorvastatin could rapidly improve vascular endothelial dysfunction in UA patients. inhibiting of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway may involve in the effect of statins improving endothelial function.

Biochemistry is a very practice-oriented courses,but the experiment has high cost,long cycle characteristics,and thus help ease the creation of virtual laboratory experiments and the conflict between teaching resources and the demand.We rely on our campus network to build a virtual biochemistry laboratory,with a view to promoting the biochemistry course construction and reforming the teaching methods

BACKGROUND: There are pressure sensors in carotid-sinus, which are very sensitive to blood pressure regulated by ions and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. But it is yet not very clear how different ions regulate the blood pressure through pressure sensors in carotidsinus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different ions at various concentrations outside the carotid-sinus.DESIGN: Self-control experiment.SETTING: Preclinical Experiment Center, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was accomplished in the Preclinical Experiment Center, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from December 2000 to June 2001. Totally 18 New Zealand pure strain rabbits were provided by the Aninal Experimenting Center of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. They were standard grade Ⅱ, of either gender and body mass was (2.0±0.2) kg.METHODS: The rabbits were divided into Na+, K+ and Ca2+ groups according to random numbers, and each group consisted of 6 rabbits. After anaesthesia, tracheal intubatton was performed on the rabbit, and bilateral carotid arteries were separated with carotid-sinus separated on one side and vessel intubatton performed in the other side for blood pressure measurement. Then various concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions were added outside the carotid-sinus with the pipette to make the carotid-sinus completed immersed in the ion solutions. The basal blood pressure and the peak value after ions addition were recorded respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The basal blood pressure and the peak value after ions addition.RESULTS: After Na+ (0.15, 1.5 mol/L) was added the blood pressure was(97±12), (83±17) mm Hg. It was decreased significantly compared with the basal value (106±14), (105±12) mm Hg (t=2.946, P ＜ 0.05). K+ (0.4 mol/L)decreased the blood pressure significantly [(106±12), (64±13) mm Hg, (t=13.496, P ＜ 0.01)], but other concentrations of K+ were not effective. Ca2+(0.07 mol/L) increased the blood pressure to (113±16) mm Hg compared with the basal value (103±12) mm Hg (t=-3.627, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Na+, K+ and Ca2+ regulate the blood pressure by acting on the carotid-sinus directly. High concentrations of Na+ and K+ possess the effect of decreasing the blood pressure, while high concentrations of Ca2+increases it, which may be an important mechanism of blood pressure regulation.