Objective To investigate effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)treatment on pulmonary function, frequency of asthmatic attack, and quality of life in patients of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) accompanying with asthma. Methods Twenty-three patients of OSAS accompanying with mild-to-moderate asthma were studied. They were divided into two groups, gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) group ( n = 9 ) and non-GER group ( n = 14 ), based GER questionnaire score equal to or greater than 12, or less than 12. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), Epworth sleepy score (ESS), quality of life for obstructive sleep apnea (QOLAp) score, quality of life for asthma (QOLAs) score and polysomnography (PSG) were measured for all the patients before and after four-week CPAP, respectively. Results No significant difference in PFTs was revealed before and after four-week CPAP between the two groups. However, there was significant difference in scores of QOLAp, ESS and QOLAs before and after four-week CPAP treatment, ( 12. 8 ± 2. 8 ) and (4. 6 ± 0. 9), ( 5. 1 ± 0. 7 ) and (6.3 ±0.6), and (4. 1 ±0.5) and (6.3 ±0.5) in GER group, and (13.0 ±2.9) and (4.6 ± 1.1),(4.7±0.5) and (5.6±0.6), and (3.6±0.3) and (5.8 ±0.6) in non-GER group, respectively (P＜0. 01 or 0. 05). Frequencies of asthmatic attack and nocturnal asthmatic attack reduced to ( 1.7 ± 1.1 )episodes per week and (0. 7 ± 0. 3) episodes per week after four-week treatment from (2. 9 ± 2. 0) episodes per week and ( 1.4 ± 0. 8) episodes per week before treatment ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) in GER group, but no significant difference was found before and after treatment in non-GER group. Scores of QOLAs increased more significantly in GER group than that in non-GER group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CPAP treatment can significantly improve quality of life, rather than pulmonary function, in patients of OSAS accompanying with asthma, especially in those with GER symptoms.

Objective To assess the impact of preoperative ureteral stenting on outcome of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy . Methods The clinic data of flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy were analyzed retrospectively .All 52 eligible patients were divided into three group :goup A(no preoperative ureteral stenting );group B (preoperative ureteral stenting for 3-10 days);group C(preopera‐tive ureteral stenting for two weeks or more ) .The application of ureteral access sheath ,operation time ,stone free rates ,hospital stays ,complications were compared among the three groups .Results There were no significant differences in aging ,gender ,stone size , distribution ,average hospitalization days ,postoperative complications among the three groups (P>0 .05) .There were significantly differ‐ences between group A and group B ,group C(P<0 .05) ,and there were no difference between group B and group C (P>0 .05) on the suc‐cess rate of indwelling ureteral access sheath ,average operation time ,stone free rate .Conclusion Preoperative ureteral stenting could en‐hance the success rate of indwelling ureteral access sheath ,shorten the operation time ,improve the stone free rate .There was similar out‐come of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy between preoperative ureteral stenting for 3-10 days and two weeks or more .

Objective: To investigate the infection state of hepatitis C virus genotype 6a in China.Methods: Three(95,126,150)HCV genotype 6a serum samples were identified by digesting 5′NCR with compound enzyme method.Then,HCV 5′NCR and NS5B fragments were amplified from these samples by RT-PCR assay and sequenced.The phylogenetic trees of the samples were analyzed and compared with 24 HCV complete gene sequences from GenBank.Results: The sequencing reports on 5′NCR showed "CA" bases in 3 serum samples(95,126,150) were inserted into-145 site,and the sequences of 3 serum samples had the highest homology with sequence Y12083(0.934,0.930,and 0.926,respectively).The results of the phylogenetic trees suggested these 3 serum samples belonged to HCV genotype 6a.The sequencing reports on NS5B showed the 3 serum samples also had the highest homology with HC-J4(0.934,0.930,and 0.926,respectively),and the results of the phylogenetic trees suggested these 3 serum samples belonged to HCV genotype 1b.To exclude the influence of amplification efficiency of primers,NS5B fragments were amplified by HCV genotype 6a specific primers and no amplification products appeared.Conclusion: There are different results of HCV genotype by analyzing 5′NCR and NS5B in 3 samples infected with HCV genotype 6a.It may be related with gene recombination.It suggests HCV genotype should be analyzed on more than two regions.

Aim To investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular morphine postconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart and the mechanism of the central nervous system opioid receptor.Methods Forty-two Sprague-Dawley Rats were established intracerebroventricular catheter placement and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models and randomly assigned to 7 groups:Sham group(Sham),control group(CON),intravenous control group(VCON),morphine postconditioning group(POC),intracereborventricular morphine postconditioning group(MOC).According to the dosage of intracerebroventricular morphine(3 ?g?kg-1,0.3 ?g?kg-1,0.03 ?g?kg-1),MOC group was assigned to three groups :MOC 1,MOC 2,MOC 3.Infarct size(IS),a percentage of the area at risk(AAR) was determined by triphenyltetrazolium(TTC) staining.c-fos expression in nucleus of tractus solitarius was determined by immunohistochemical method and Cardiac TroponinI(cTnI) of serum was observed at 120 min of reperfusion.Results Compared with control group,IS,IS/AAR and cTnI were significantly reduced in POC and MOC groups(P0.05).c-fos expression in nucleus of tractus solitarius were significantly reduced in MOC 2,POC(P

Objective To compare the effect and safety of digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy and per-cutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi. Methods Clinic data of 105 cases with kidney stones were analyzed retrospectively, including 53 cases with digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (group A) and 52 with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (group B). The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, stone-free rate, complications, average hospitalization time were compared. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, stone size, stone surface area, average operative time, stone-free rate and complications between two groups. Significant differences were found between group A and group B in terms of intraoperative blood loss and average hospitalization time. Conclusions Digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy has similar effect as minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of kidney stones about 20 mm in terms of average operative time, stone-free rate, and complications, but excels minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in intraopera-tive blood loss and average hospitalization time. Digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy can be the first choice for the treatment of kidney stones about 20 mm.

Objective To observe the response of tumor patient’s peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset following CT guided per-cutaneous argon-helium cryoablation.Methods 122 patients with advanced of hepatocarcinoma or renal cell carcinoma undergone CT guided percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation.The percentage of peripheral blood CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD8 + T-lymphocyte subset and the proportion of CD4 +/CD8 + T-lymphocyte were monitored at 2 h before and 20 h after the cryoablation respectively.Results The percentage of peripheral blood CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD3+ ,CD8+ T-lymphocyte were significantly increased after cryoablation,(measured by matched t-test,P<0.05).The ratio of CD4 +/CD8+ T-lymphocyte cells had an increase of 0.130(P =0.069).Conclusion The percentage of blood T-lymphocyte subset in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma is increased significantly,when they are treated by using CT guided percutaneous cryoablation.The patient's tumor specific immunity is enhanced by CT guided percutaneous cryoablation.

Objective To assess the treatment outcomes of anterior segment optical coherence tomography(OCT) assisted excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for fungal corneal ulcer.Methods Twenty-four patients (24 eyes) suffered from fungal corneal keratitis were collected by a retrospecive chart review with at least 6 months of follow-up data available.All corneal ulcer depth did not exceed 1/3 corneal thickness and were resistant to local and systemic medication therapy for at least 1 week.Patients were divided into 2 groups.14 patients with 14 eyes were taken PTK and 10 patients with 10 eyes were treated with lamellar keratectomy.Follow-up time was at least 6 months.Visual acuities,corneal thickness,confocal microscope,healing of the epithelial defect and inflammation and complications were recorded.Results The postoperative visual acuity in two groups were significantly improved,visual acuity of PTK treatment group improved significantly better than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Healing time of PTK treatment group (19.43 ± 5.68) days was shorter than that of the control group (34.40 ± 5.38) days,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the residual central corneal thickness between the PTK treatment group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Residual mycelium after operation in the treatment group was significantly decreased than that of control group.Healing time of epithelial in PTK treatment group (4.0 ± 1.1) days was shorter than that of the control group (6.20 ± 1.39) days,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no corneal dilation in two groups.No recurrence in PTK treatment group was occurred.3 cases in control group had recurrence after 6 months,drug control was effective in 1 case,and other 2 cases undertook corneal transplantation.Conclusion Anterior segment OCT assisted PTK for corneal ulcer can effectively clear the lesion,accelerate epithelial healing,provide a new choice for the treatment of early superficial fungal corneal ulcer.

Objective To assess the safety and feasibility of CT-guided percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation in the treatment of adrenal tumors.Methods 1 7 patients with adrenal tumors were treated with CT-guided percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation. Three of these patients were retreated second cryoablation three months later due to the lager tumor diameters.Percutaneous tran-scatheter arterial embolization was performed in four patients because of rich blood supply before cryoablation.Continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring was performed in eight pheochromocytoma patients.Results Technical success was achieved in all pa-tients.There were no serious complications.Eight pheochromocytoma patients experienced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure when compared with the basic values (P <0.05).There were no enhancement on enhanced CT and/or up-take on FDG PET-CT in the ablated zones during the follow-up period (3-24months).Conclusion It is safety and efficacy of CT-guided percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation for adrenal tumor.It might be initial treatment of choice for the patients who were not suitable for resection.