Objective To observe the influence of heating method (or temperature control strategy) on the concentration of main active components in extracts from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Methods Common chromatographic peak area and the contents of Salvianolic acid B in three kinds of extracts obtained by 3 kinds of heating methods were compared. Results With the content of extracts extracted by the first heating method as the baseline, content of salvianolic acid B in extracts extracted by the second heating method was decreased 21.73 percent and that by the third method decreased 55.44 percent. Conclusion Quality of Salvianolic acid extracts can be affected greatly by temperature range and temperature control strategy. It is important to strictly control the heating method for the exaction of heat- sensitive active compounds from Chinese herbs.

Objective To study the feasibility of chelating resins A and B removing heavy metals from the extracts of Radix Isatidis.Methods Heavy-metal Removal experiment was performed on automatic control platform in industry mode.With dry ointment yield,comparability of HPLC and removal rate of heavy metals as the indexes,the effects of two kinds of Chelating resins in removing heavy metal were compared.Results After finishing heavy metal removal step,the loss rate of the dry-extract was lower than 7 %,and the heavy metal contents in dry-extract were lower than national limits.HPLC similarity of the extracts before and after removing heavy metals by resin A was higher than 0.97,but that by resin B was very low.Conclusion Chelating resin A is suitable for removing heavy metals from extracts of Radix Isatidis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate influential factors of standardization of clinical research on therapeutic efficacy of Yao-tongning capsules,and to provide direction for reasonable and standard development of clinical research. METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,RCTs about Yaotongning capsules in the treatment of related disease were collected. After data extraction and quality evaluation,Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. The effects of the di-alectical situation,treatment course and route of administration on the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules were compared;based on this,the concepts of index evidence-based value which reflected clinical standardization were put for-ward,and its effects on Yaotongning capsules were investigated. RESULTS:A total of 71 RCTs were included,involving 11009 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules was better than that of other drugs in dialecti-cal case(P=0.02),while therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules was inferior to that of other drugs in non-dialectical case(P<0.01);therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules was inferior to that of other drugs when treatment course was shorter than 30 days(P<0.05),while treatment course was longer than 30 days,there was no difference in therapeutic efficacy between Yaotongn-ing capsules and other drugs(P=0.99). When did not take medicine according to the instruction,therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongn-ing capsule was inferior to that of other drugs(P<0.05);when taking medicine according to the instruction,there was no differ-ence in therapeutic efficacy between Yaotongning capsules and other drugs(P=0.94). When evidence-based value was ≥5,thera-peutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules was better than that of other drugs(P=0.03);when evidence-based value was equal to 4, there was no difference in therapeutic efficacy between Yaotongning capsules and other drugs(P=0.56);when evidence-based val-ue was ≤3,therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules was inferior to that of other drugs(P<0.05),with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:It is an important guarantee of playing therapeutic efficacy of Yaotongning capsules to regularly use drugs strictly according to the principle of dialectical treatment,and take drugs according to treatment course and instructions. Clinical trials should be standardized strictly in accordance with the instructions,so as to provide objective and fair clinical findings.

Objective: To optimize extraction conditions to completely separate ginkgolic acids off ginkgolic flavonone glycosides and terpene lactones. Methods: A liquid liquid equilibrium model was used to simulate extracting process of active components in ginkgo biloba leaves. Results of calculation and experiment were compared to value the extraction system, and the best extracting condition was established. Results: when pH=2.5, extractant consists of 20% ethanol water solution and cyclo hexane, the best extraction efficient can be obtained. Conclusion: There is a great difference between theoretical simulating distribution ratio and experiment value in order of magnitude. However, their relative relationship is consistent.

Objective:To study the effect of the extracting time and solvent on the concentration of main active components in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge, and to provide basic data and theoretical guide to GEP(general extraction practice). Methods: Salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone ⅡA were extracted by 90% alcohol and water respectively from Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge and their contents were etermined by means of HPLC at regular intervals. Results: Extracting time and solvent were significant factors in the prcess of concentrating Salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone ⅡA from extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge. Conclusion: Water is suitable for extracting Salvianolic acids, the extracting time is 40～50 minutes; alcohol is suitable for extracting Tanshinones, the extracting time is 20～30 minutes.

AIM: To Structure a series of diversifying combination of ginsenoside in order to provide the different samples for the pharmacological and pharmacodynamics experiments. METHODS: UNIFAC group contribution method is used for simulating the liquid liquid extraction, the proper extractants are chosen to carry out the experiments, and then the contents of the ginsenosides obtained with different extractants are detected through HPLC. RESULTS: The contents of the main ginsenoside varied with the change of the extractants' ratio, as a result a series of diversifying combination of ginsenoside are constructured. Within the ginsenoside which has greater amount, ginsenoside Rb 1 can be easily separated from Re, while Rd is hard to be separated, the experimental data were accordant to the theoretical prediction. CONCLUSION: Theoretical calculation combined with the optimizing of the extractants can structure a series of distinguished ginsenoside.

Objective To explore the principle of diagnosis and treatment of intermittent claudication caused by lumbar spine disease combined with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans. Method Eighteen cases of patients with intermittent claudication caused by lumbar spine disease combined with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans, using MRI and MRA, to determine the main reason due to of disease, to take the treatment for the cause. Results The patients were followed up for 7 to 24 months, average (16.0 ± 4.7) months. Assessed according to the modified MacNab criteria of clinical efficacy, excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases, general in 3 cases,satisfactory rate was 83.3%(15/18). Intermittent claudication were improved with all patients, walking distance of more than 1000 meters, relief rate was 100%. Postoperative ankle brachial score(0.90±0.54 ) was obviously increased compared with preoperative average(0.58±0.36), there was significant statistical difference(P<0.01). All cases were not amputee due to circulation disturbance. Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment of intermittent claudication caused by lumbar spine disease combined lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans,it is necessary to collect a history of serious and careful investigation,combined with imaging, can accurately determine the responsibility of lesions, target to give the appropriate treatment, can get a good effect

BACKGROUND:Currently, there are large numbers of studies related to the association between colagen type I alpha1 (COL1A1) Sp1 polymorphism and bone mineral density and fracture risk, but the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism on bone mineral density and fracture by using the Meta-analysis. METHODS:We comprehensively searched the eligible studies for the present meta-analysis through MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE databases. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of Sp1 polymorphisms for bone mineral density and fracture risk were obtained, with attention to study quality and publication bias. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria, among which, 22 studies evaluated the Sp1 polymorphism and fracture risk. Significant associations were found in five genetic models. In the stratified analysis by region, the same results were found in the Europeans but not Americans and Asians. Thirteen studies evaluated the Sp1 polymorphism and low bone mineral density risk. A similar result was obtained. However, the analysis of bone mineral density data showed an increased relation between Sp1 polymorphism and low bone mineral density in Europeans and Americans but not in Asians. Overal, the current meta-analysis concludes that the COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism is associated with low bone mineral density and fracture risk, especialy in Europeans. However, susceptibility to them varies markedly among populations from different regions.

Objective To explore the impact of cardio cerebral vascular diseases (CVD) on life expectancy among residents in Shandong Province,develop effective preventive measures for the high-risk population and provide guidance for the health care resource allocation.Methods Based on the death monitoring data of the disease in Shandong Province in 2012,we calculated the crude mortality and standardized the mortality rate of the disease.We designed life tables with all causes of death and with eliminating causes of CVD death and analysed life expectancy with and without them examined.Results In 2012,crude mortality rate of CVD was 320.16/100 000 (SMR 252.85/100 000) in Shandong Province.The death rate of CVD was of 46.30％ of all deaths reported by monitoring system.The mortality rate of CVD in male and female were 332.99/100 000 and 307.02/100 000,respectively.The mortality rate of CVD in rural and urban areas were 341.84/100 000 and 267.28/100 000,respectively.The mortality of CVD increased with age and growed rapidly after the age of 60.Life expectancy of urban and rural areas was 79.20 years and 78.14 years,respectively.After eliminating causes of CVD death,life expectancy for eliminating causes of CVD death in urban and rural areas increased 8.51 years and 10.02 years,respectively.Life expectancy for eliminating causes of CVD death in male and female increased 8.02 years and 11.10 years,respectively.Conclusions Life expectancy of urban and rural areas,the male and female for eliminating causes of CVD death than that of all causes of death were greatly extended.Reducing the death caused by CVD to increase health life expectancy have important public health significance.

BACKGROUND:Several studies have attempted to apply mouse nerve growth factor to local lesions of peripheral nerve and found that local injection of mouse nerve growth factor can promote nerve recovery, which is superior to systematic application. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effects of gelatin sponge infiltrated by mouse nerve growth factor in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS:Thirty-six patients with single peripheral nerve injury, including 16 males and 20 females, aged 18-48 years, were randomly divided into two groups: 18 patients in case group underwent debridement and neuroanastomosis, and then the injured nerve was wrapped by gelatin sponge which was infiltrated by mouse nerve growth factor and folowed by plaster fixation, anti-inflammatory therapy, neurotrophy and circulation improvement therapy; the other 18 patients in control group were treated only with debridement and neuroanastomosis and other conventional therapies. At 4 weeks after treatment, electrophysiological examination was performed. In addition, sensory and motor function of the distal end of injured nerve was evaluated at 6 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential showed that the recovery rate was 78% (n=14) and 83% (n=15) respectively in the case group, while 57% (n=10) and 66% (n=12) in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 94.4% (n=17) in the case group and 83.3% (n=15) in the control group, which were statisticaly better in the case group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that it is significantly effective to treat peripheral nerve injury by gelatin sponge infiltrated by mouse nerve growth factor that has good biocompatibility.