Dendritic cells (DCs)can capture HIV from the mucosal site and carry it to the draining lymph nodes to promote CD4 + T cell infection.DC-SIGN(CD209)plays a vital role during this process. Heroin,methamphetamine and cocaine are the most abused drugs used by drug abusers,which can increase the opportunities of HIV infection.Drugs acting on the corresponding receptors activate the downstream signaling pathway and regulate the expression of DC-SIGN on the surface of DCs,weakening the inhibited effects of immune cells on HIV and promoting HIV infection in many aspects.Given the multiplex effects of drugs on immune function,this article reviews the relationship between abused drugs,DCs and HIV infection,particularly in the signal pathway on immune modulation.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors of respiratory tract infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and its resistance to common antibiotics so as to guide clinical prevention and treatment.METHODS Thirty two patients of respiratory tract infection by S.maltophilia were examined.RESULTS Among them,the ratio of susceptivity of S.maltophilia to compound sulfamethoxazole was 87.5%,to levofloxacin was 78.1%,and to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid was 81.2%,but the ratio of resistance of S.maltophilia to imipenem was 100.0%,and it was also high to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins.CONCLUSIONS The old age,serious underlying diseases,many kinds of antibiotics used,infection in hospital and the use of glucocorticoids are the main risk factors of the respiratory tract infection by multiresistant S.maltophilia.

0.05).Conclusion:The combination of TCM with western medicine was superior to simple western medicine in treating multiple sclerosis.Regulation of cytokines(TNF-? and IL-12 p40) in plasm may be partial reasons for the clinical effects of treatment based on syndrome differentiation.

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), activated by auto-phosphorylation at the presence of calcium and calmodulin, is widely distributed in eukaryotes. CaMKs are important mediators of calcium signal in eukaryotes. Recent researches have suggested that CaMKⅡ is involved in the regulation of meiotic cell cycle of oocytes. It plays functional roles in meiotic maturation, polar body extrusion, fertilization and egg activation. As one of the down-stream signaling molecules of calcium, CaMKⅡ facilitates the inactivation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and cytostatic factor (CSF) following fertilization, as well as the spindle microtubule organization and centrosome duplication. Although the functions of CaMKⅡ in oocyte meiosis are versatile and essential, the present results are primarily obtained from low vertebrates and mouse. In future studies, the function and regulation of this kinase in other mammals should be stressed.

Objective To study the relevant factors and prevention of X-ray missed diagnosis in rib fracture.Methods 28 cases of rib fracture in the X-ray missed diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. The relevant factors and preventive question of X-ray missed diagnosis were explored.Results Careless reading of film(n=3),wrong position of taking film(n=7),film of low quality(n=4),image of rib fracture concealed by other image (n=11) and improper time of taking film(n=3) were found as the cause of missed diagnosis.Conclusions The X-ray examination of chest is the most practical method in diagnosing rib fracture. The choice of position in taking film,quality assurance of film,the right time in taking film and carefulness in reading film may affect the diagnosis of rib fracture.

Objective To observe the effect of gene therapy for Parkinson disease by triple transduction with dopamine-biosynthesizing enzyme genes. Methods We constructed high titer purified adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing cDNAs encoding human tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH) respectively. AAV-TH, AAV-AADC and AAV-GCH were stereotaxically injected into the denervated striatum of Parkinsonian rat; the expression of TH, AADC or GCH was assayed by using immunohistochemical staining; the rotational behavior was assayed for 1 year.Results The immunohistochemical staining and behavioral testing showed that all of TH, AADC and GCH were expressed stably in the striatum, and the rats treated with AAV-TH, AAV-AADC and AAV-GCH showed more remarkable decrease in rotation rate persisted for at least 1 year, than those treated with AAV-TH and AAV-AADC(P

Objective:To study the immunomodulatory effect of extracts from Chinese marine algae, methanol extracts of thirty-nine species were assayed.Methods:The proliferation of T,B lymphocyte and cytotoxic was measured by MTT assay.Results:Among the methanol extracts of algae, 16 showed well concentration-dependent immunomodulatory effects, 6 have exhibited fine dual-immunomodulatory effects at the doses of 1-100 ?g/ml.Conclusion:These results suggest Chinese algae have different immunomodulatory effects and merit further investigation.

Purpose:To study the relationship between expression of TGF-?_(1) and invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer.Methods:ELISA was used to examine TGF-?_(1) in serum of patients with bladder cancer.Results:Compared to the control group,TGF-?_(1) level in patients serum was higher(P

Objective To observe the immunohistochemical expression of lymphocyte subpopulationin in brain and spinal cord tissue,and explore the mechanism of Zuogui wan and Yougui wan on rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods Lewis rats were immunized with the myelin basic protein(MBP).120 rats were grouping randomly into normal group,EAE group,prednisone group,Zuoguiwan group and Youguiwan group after post immunization(PI).Rats in normal group and EAE group were administered normal soline,each 3 mL/d.Rats in prednisone group were administered suspension of prednisone after developed clinical signs,each 5 mg/kg.Rats in Zuoguiwan group were administered suspension of Zuoguiwan,each 2 g/kg,and rats in Youguiwan group were administered suspension of Youguiwan,each 3 g/kg.On 15th and 27th day after PI,rats were killed and the immunohistochemical staining was performed on the sections of brain and spinal cord.Results On 15th and 27th day after PI,the expression of CD4+ in brain and spinal cord tissue of EAE group were significantly higher than that in normal group(P

Objective To construct pcDNA 3.1(+)/HPV 18 E 6 fusion gene and a single-codon mutation pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F49R or pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F127R fusion gene in eukaryotic expression vector and study the effects on proliferation and apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cell line Hela. Method HPV 18 E6 gene sequence and the single-point mutation HPV 18 E6 F49R or HPV 18 E6 F127R were amplified from total RNA of Hela cell line by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction ( RT- PCR), then the gene sequences were respectively inserted into pcDNA 3.1(+) vector to reconstruct recombinant plasmids which were transfected transiently into Hela cells. MTT and RT-PCR were used to test the expression levels of HPV 18 E6 and the growth of HeLa cells after transfected about 48 h. The proliferation and apoptosis of Hela cells were detected respectively by cell counting and AO/EB fluorescent vital staining. Results The pcDNA 3.1(+)/HPV 18 E6, pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F49R and pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F127R eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed. The gene of HPV 18 E6 was discriminably detected in the HeLa cells which were transfected with the recombinant plasmids. After several days, the proliferation of Hela cells transfected with pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F49R or pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F127R plasmid were obviously inhibited and the apoptotic rates were significantly increased, then the proliferation of cells transfected with pcDNA(+)/HPV 18 E6 was rather increased slightly, and we could observe the phenomena of early apoptosis and the formation of thekaryopyknosis by fluorescent microscope in the cells transfected with pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F49R or pcDNA 3.1(+)/E6 F127R. Conclusion The eukaryotic expressing vectors encoding HPV 18 E6 F49R and HPV 18 E6 F127R provide fundamental basis for the further study on HPV 18 E6 mechanism as well as prevention and treatment of uterine cancer.