Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has evolved from two-parameter quantitative measurement of peripheral blood lymphocytes to five-or more parameter qualitative evaluation of bone marrow and lymph node in hematopathology.Leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping represents an important addition to histomorphology in the diagnosis,classification and monitoring of hematolymphoid neoplasms.The complexity of five-or more parameter analyses and the interpretation of the data rely on standardization and validation of the instrument,the reagent and the procedure.In addition,clinical flow cytometry laboratories in U.S.A are required to document proficiency testing,sample preparation as well as accuracy,specificity,sensitivity and precision of methodology.CLSI and UCCC recommend that each laboratory should validate its own qualitative and quantitative procedures.This paper introduces the procedures for validation and quality control in a clinical flow cytometry laboratory in the United States.

The current prevalence of myopia has been as high as 27.65%～53.80%among adolescents in Chinese schools.The major reasons are too much near-work activity and lack of outdoor activity for a long time.In order to reduce the prevalence of myopia in Chinese adolescents,we suggest that Chinese students should have 3.5 hours outdoor activity everyday,including 30 minutes travel between home and school,1 hour outdoor activity between classes,1 hour outdoor sport class at school,and 1 hour outdoor activity after school.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. They play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling and gene transcription,and that aberrant chromatin remodeling and transcriptional dysregulation are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have suggested that histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) can target diverse pathophysiologies of ischemic stroke,not only reduce neuronal damage and infarct volume,but also promote the neuronal plasticity and functional recovery after ischemia. This article mainly reviews the neuroprotective mechanisms of HDACIs in ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the correlation factor of diabetic foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods To analyse the clinical manifestations and biochemical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(diabetic foot ulcer 41,no foot ulcer 72).Results The cause of twenty patients was lack of the knowledge of foot care.Smoking and age were significantly correlated with diabetic foot(r=0.256,P

Objective To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)and rehabilitation intervention on upper limb Brunnstrom stages and ADL performance of stroke patients. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 30 patients were allocated to either an experimental group (n=15) that received BTXA injection into muscles of the affected arm or to a controlled group (n=15). All patients' Brunnstrom stage and MAS stage were ≥gradeⅡ. All the patients were treated with rehabilitative techniques. The intervention was applied for 3 months. All were evaluated for the severity of spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS),the level of impairment (Brunnstrom assessment and Fugl-Meyer upper limb test) and disability(Functional Independence Measure,FIM) before and after 1 week, 1,2,3 months of treatment. Results Patients who received BTXA had significant reduction of muscle tone (P

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and nursing methods of bilevel positive air-way pressure(BiPAP)ventilation in patients with neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE).Methods Totally 11 NPE patients from January 2004 to December 2007 were enrolled.Ventilation support adopted specific invasive BiPAP mode of Puritan-Bennett840.Aiway pressure release ventilation(APRV)tactics was ap- plied in this mode.The blood oxygen saturation rote(SpO2),acidity-alkalinity(pH),arterial oxygen pres-sure(PaO2),arterial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO2)were analyzed and compared between synchronized intemittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV)mede2 h and 24 h after BiPAP ventilation.Results Among,arterial blood gas analysis of 11 patients,SpO2 and PaO2 were obviously ameliorated after BiPAP ventilation compared with SIMV ventilation.No side-effect occurred.Conclusions The application of invasive Bi- PAP ventilation support in NPE patients proved to be a fast and effective method.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance status quo of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbap-enemase gene carrying in Xi′an area for guiding the clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs.Methods 151 strains of imipenem-re-sistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in 4 hospitals from August 2012 to July 2013 were continuously col-lected.Then the drug resistance characteristics of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by the antimicrobi-al drug sensitivity test.The PCR technique was adopted to detect the carrying situation of carbapenemase drug-resistance genes in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results Totally isolated 151 strains of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were mainly distributed in the neurosurgery ICU (37.1%),neurology ICU (27.1%)and the burn department (19.9%);the detec-ted strains were sensitive to polymyxin B and resistant to other 9 kinds of antibacterial drugs in different degrees;94 strains carried VIM gene,32 strains carried IMP gene,5 strains carried SPM gene and 3 strains carried SIM gene.Conclusion The multidrug re-sistance and pan-drug resistance phenomenon of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is serious,its cause might be related with the carbapenemases-producing drug resistant gene expression,the drug resistance genes are dominated by VIM and IMP.Clinic should strengthen the bacterial drug resistance monitoring and use antibacterial drugs rationally and effectively for preventing the spreading of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

BACKGROUND:To maintain the long-term effect of ful crown largely depends on the health of periodontal tissues. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of CAD/CAM zirconia al-ceramic crown restoration on the state of periodontal health. METHODS:Sixty-four abutments of 55 patients were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group included 32 abutments of 29 patients which would be restored by CAD/CAM zirconia al-ceramic crowns;the control ed group included 32 abutments of 26 patients which would be restored by Ni-Cr al oy porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. The volume of gingival crevicular fluid and the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the two groups were examined at the pre-restoration and post-restoration stages. Meanwhile, periodontal clinical indicators, including sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, plaque index and attachment loss were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No difference in various indexes was found in the experimental group before and after restoration (P>0.05). At 12 months after restoration, in the control group, the volume of gingival crevicular fluid, the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and plaque index were al increased (P>0.05);meanwhile, these indexes in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Experimental findings suggest that the CAD/CAM zirconia al-ceramic crown restoration is more favorable to the health of periodontal tissues.

The relationship between medical practitioners and padtients always changes with time and this shift becomes quite striking nowadays.The characteristics and underlying reasons of this trend are expounded from such aspects as the changes in medical service system,the alteration in definitions of medical practitioners and patients, the advent of market economy.It is precondition and guarantee of handling the relationship properly to consummate relevant laws and codes,establish medical insurance institution,classify hospitals and set moral restraint for both medical practitioners and patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) and the rational use of Durogesic in in-patients METHODS:37 in-patients treated with Durogesic in Department of Oncology in our hospital were prospectively observed,and its analgesic efficacy and incidence,severity and the outcome of ADRs were evaluated RESULTS:The alleviating effect of Durogesic on carcinomatous pain was 100% Of 37 patients,ADRs were found in 4 cases with a ADR rate of 10 8% CONCLUSION:Durogesic is effective in clinical use,but attention should be paid to monitoring ADRs and avoiding irrational use of drug