Objective To investigate the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolism or carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Type 2 diabetic(T2DM). Methods According to the liver B-ultrasonography, a total of 321 T2DM patients were divided into two groups, with or without NAFLD. Metabolic indexes such as BMI, BP, blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid ( UA ), insulin, C-peptipe,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) between the two groups were compared, and the relationships between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the above indexes were analyzed. Furthermore,the CIMT of the two groups were compared, and the relationships between NAFLD, ALT and CIMT were investigated by correlation and regression analysis. Results Compared with the group without NAFLD, the patients with NAFLD had higher level of BMI, triglyceride ( TG ), UA, fasting blood glucose ( FBG ), fasting insulin ( FIns ), fasting C peptide (FCP) ,HOMA-IR,and lower level of high density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) significantly; BMI ( OR = 1.25, P ＜0. 001 ), TG ( OR = 1.74, P = 0. 008 ) and HOMA-IR ( OR = 2. 33, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of NAFLD while H DL-C was independent protective factor; ALT was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0. 255, P ＜0. 001 ) ,TG(r =0. 156,P ＜0. 018) ,UA(r =0. 239,P ＜0. 001 ) ,FIns(r =0. 213,P =0. 001) ,FCP(r =0. 199,P ＜0. 003), HOMA-IR ( r = 0. 247, P ＜ 0. 001 ) and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r = - 0. 199, P =0. 002) ,and BMI (β =0. 456,P =0. 048) ,UA (β =0. 021 ,P =0. 025) and HOMA-IR(β =3.634 ,P =0. 004)were independent associated facrors. The difference of CIMT between the two groups didn't reach statistical significance, while mutiple regression analysis revealed that ALT was independently associated with CIMT(β =0. 002,P = 0. 013). Conclusion T2DM patients with NAFLD show more serious disorder of metabolism and insulin resistance. ALT is an independent risk factor of CIMT in T2DM patients.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-apoptotic effects of Tangnaikang (TNK) on islet β cells in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats.Six male fa/+ ZDF rats were took as the control group,while other thirty male fa/fa ZDF rats were divided into five groups at random:the model group,the metformin group,the high-,mediumand low-dose TNK groups,depending on their body weight and random blood glucose.Prior to the administration,fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were measured by drawing blood with inner canthusl.Materials were prepared when administered for six weeks.Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were detected again.When the sections of the rat pancreatic tissue were embedded,the morphological changes of the islet were observed via HE staining,and the apoptosis of islet β cell were observed using TUNEL.Positive expression of Caspase-3,the transduction enzyme of cell death signal,was tested by immunohistochemical method.It was found that the fasting blood glucose of the (fa/fa) ZDF rats in the high-,medium-and low-dose TNK group was significantly improved after administration (P ＜ 0.01).The serum insulin of rats in the high-,medium-and low-dose TNK group arised compared with the model group,while the high-and low-dose TNK group showed differences in a statistical sense.Compared with the model group,the HOMA-IR of all the treatment group decreased,while significant difference was presented between the high-dose TNK group and the metformin group.HE staining showed that the morphology of the islet β cell of the rats in all the treatment group was improved.The results of TUNEL showed significantly apoptotic changes on islet β cell of the fa/fa ZDF rats.Compared with the model group,the positive expression of TUNEL in the metformin group and the high-dose TNK group were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05).The result of immunohistochemistry method showed that the protein levels of Caspase-3 in the metformin group and the high-dose TNK group decreased (P ＜ 0.05).In conclusion,it was demonstrated that TNK effectively reduced the apoptosis of islet β cells in fa/fa ZDF rats,which presented a protective effect.

Objective To investigate the medicated side warm nest pot combined with letrozole in the treatment of multiple bursal ovarian syndrome (PCOS) superiority of the clinical treatment of kidney deficiency syndrome in ovulation dysfunction infertility,provide the basis for clinical treatment. Methods 78 cases of infertile patients(randomly selected from January 2014 to June 2015 hospitalized in Hainan Medical University Hospital) due to kidney deficiency syndrome in patientswith ovulatory dysfunction resulting from PCOS. 39 cases in the control group received oral letrozole only. 39 cases in experimental group took oral warm nest pot combined with letrozole,continuous treatment for four menstruation cycle. Adverse reactions,ovulation rate,pregnancy rate and safety index of the two groups before and after treatment of menstruation were observed and recorded. Results The effective rate of the control group was 74.36%,and the effective rate of the experimental group was 87.18%. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The ovulation rate of the control group was 47.71%,which was lower than that of the experimental group (79.07%),and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate in the control group was 12.82%,while that in the experimental group was 33.33%,and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Patient′s irregular menstruation improved in the two groups , while the experimental group did better than the control group. Conclusion Effect of warm nest pot combined with letrozole on kidney deficiency syndrome of ovulation dysfunction in PCOS is remarkable ,with little side effects.

Objective To investigate the precision, trueness, and accuracy of self-developed detection system in clinical chemistry.Methods This was a methodological evaluation.Take serum creatine kinase( CK) for instance, 6 serum sampleswith different leves ( on the upper or lower limit of the reference range or close to the medicine decide levels ( MDLs) , were collected for within-run precision( repeatability) and within-laboratory precision ( intermediate precision ) experiments.5 proficiency testing ( PT ) samples, 5 samples assigned value by reference method, and 40 fresh-frozen serums were measured and compared with reference method for trueness verification.Drawing method evaluation decision chart, calculating total errors and sigma level evaluation experiment based on the CV, bias, and allowed total errors(TEa)were used to evaluate the accuracy performance.The precision, trueness, and accuracy were compared with the quality indicators.Results The within-run precision and within-laboratory precision were less than the highest requirement of Chinese industrial standard.The mean bias was -8.96%, didn′t reachthe required standard (5.5%).After taking corrective actions, all samples but one ( -5.8%) met the required standard. Compared with the reference method, the mean bias on the MDLs was less than TEa.The performance points of the method evaluation decision chart indicated excellence performance.The total errors on MDLs were 14.2%, 10.4% and 7.6%, less than 15%.The sigma levels on MDLs were 5.9, 7.5 and 15, also achieved excellent level. Conclusions The precision, trueness, and accuracy performance of CK measured by self-developed detection system achieved excellent level of the Chinese industry standard, and the same results were found from different evaluation methods.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intelligence characteristics and relativity with motor development of children with spastic diplegia.MethodsIntelligence and motor development of 46 children with spastic diplegia were tested by Wechsler Intelligence Scale and Motor Development Milestone (MDM), to find out difference of intelligence between the children with diplegia and the normal control group.ResultsIntelligence quotient (IQ) of children with spastic diplegia was lower significantly than the normal control, specially performance IQ (PIQ). PIQ was related with motor development. The more delayed motor development was, the more lower PIQ was. Subtest scores of animal egg, puzzle, block design and picture generalization were lower in spastic diplegic children with normal IQ than that of the normal control group, while vocabulary IQ (VIQ) was not different.ConclusionThe intelligence structure of children with spastic diplegia is imbalanced and PIQ of those children is significantly lower than the normal children, which is related to hands-eyes correspond, sight-motor correspond and speed, and space-sight ability.

Objective To study the rhythmic changes of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in pre-eclampsia(PE)patients and come up with coping strategies. Method The levels and circadian variations of blood pressures in 240 pre-eclampsia patients were monitored and observed with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results Among the 240 PE cases,121 were diagnosed as mild PE and 119 as severe PE.There were significant differences in the average of 24 h circadian variation,the average of date time variation,decreased blood pressure at night time between the two groups(all P<0.05). Conclusion Through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,nurses can monitor the rhythmic changes of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure,make reasonable arrangements for the treatment and care operations,reduce the factors that induce eclampsia and ensure the safety of mother and baby .

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods VTQ was prospectively performed in 181 patients with chronic hepatitis B and a shear wave velocity (Vs) indirectly reflecting liver stiffness was obtained for each patient.With the gold standards of fibrotic stages and inflammation grades,the relationship between Vs,fibrotic stages and inflammation grades was evaluated.Results A relatively high correlation existed between Vs and liver fibrotic stages (r ＝ 0.812,P ＜ 0.001).Significant differences existed among groups with different fibrotic stages except for groups SO vs.S1 and S1 vs.S2 (P ＜ 0.05).The areas under the ROC curve were 0.971,0.96l,0.969 and 0.908 for Vs predicting S≥S1,S≥S2,S≥S3 and S =S4 fibrosis respectively.Moderate correlation existed between Vs and inflammation grades (r =0.476,P =0.000).Conclusion Capable of staging liver fibrosis and preliminarily grading inflammation,VTQ is helpful for the early diagnosis of liver fibrosis and assessment of therapeutic follow-up and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic characteristics of internal jugular vein(IJV) valve insufficiency and reflux.Methods 40 healthy volunteers' bilateral IJVs were study subjects.The inner diameter,valve morphological feature,reflux distance and hemodynamic parameters in IJV were detected by color Doppler ultrasound (CDU),the contrast agents transvalvular regurgitation in IJV was monitored by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) (with low mechanical index,MI 0.10),then analyse the results of two methods.Results Of 80 investigated IJVs,1 vein was excluded due to absence of its left valve,so 79 veins were evaluated in the study.The IJV's inner diameter on the right side was larger than on the left side,but there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The detection rate of IJV valve insufficiency was 31.6％ (25/79),which was higher on the right than that on the left,but without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The detection rate of IJV valve insufficiency was significantly higher in the group of greater than or equal to 50 years old than that in less than 50 years old(P ＜0.05).The reflux distance in IJV displayed by CDU was associated with IJV valve's function.Compaired with sufficient valves,the reflux duration time in insufficient valves during quiet respiration showed no significant difference (P ＞0.05).During Valsalvalike manoeuvres and quiet respiration,the reflux duration time in sufficient valves showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The reflux duration time in insufficient valves during Valsalva-like manoeuvres showed significantly higher than that during quiet respiration (P ＜0.01).Compaired with sufficient valves,the peak flow velocity of reflux flow in insufficient valves was significantly prolonged during quiet respiration and Valsalva-like manoeuvres (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01,respectively).Conclusions The incidence rate of IJV valve insufficiency and reflux is high in healthy individuals.During quiet respiration and/or Valsalva-like manoeuvres,detecting the reflux distance,reflux duration time and peak flow velocity of reflux flow by CDU are valuable in evaluating IJV valve insufficiency and the degree of IJV reflux.

Background and purpose: Natural killer/T cell lymphoma in poor effects, the production of multidrug resistance is one of the reasons to reduce the chemotherapy effect or failure. This study aimed to discuss the multidrug resistance associated protein 4 (ABCC4/MRP4) gene and multidrug resistance associated protein 5 (ABCC5/MRP5) gene expression in NK/T cell lymphoma SNK-6, YTS cell lines and NK/T cell lymphoma tissues, and the relationship between the level of ABCC4/MRP4, ABCC5/MRP5 gene expression and the clinical efifcacy. Methods:Real-time lfuorescence quantitative PCR (Real time-PCR) and immunohistochemical method (IHC) were used to detect the ABCC4/MRP4, ABCC5/MRP5 gene and protein expression. Results:Compared with the normal NK cells, ABCC4/MRP4 and ABCC5/MRP5 gene in SNK-6, YTS cell lines were highly expressed (P<0.05); Compared with rhinitis tissues, the expression of ABCC4/MRP4, ABCC5/MRP5 gene was higher in the NK/T cell lymphoma tissues (P<0.05);The expression level of ABCC4/MRP4 and ABCC5/MRP5 gene was negative correlation with clinical efifcacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of ABCC4/MRP4 and ABCC5/MRP5 gene affects the of clinical efifcacy of NK/T cell lymphoma.

ObjectiveTo evaluate analytical performance of NT-proBNP on Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay system.MethodsThe precision,accuracy,limit of blank ( LoB ),limit of detection (LoD),functional sensitivity (FS),analytical measure range (AMR),maximal dilution rate,clinical reportable range(CRR) and the analytical anti-interference ability of NT-proBNP were evaluated according to EP documents issued by CLSI and related references.The analytical performance data were compared to quality standards declared by the manusfacturers.According to CLSI C28-A2,80 healthy volunteers,aged from 18 to 74, were chosen and divided into 4 groups on average for biological reference intervals verification.Results The within-run CV and total CV were 1.1％ -2.2％and 1.5％ -2.9％ respectively.The deviations from controls distributed by National Center for Clinical Laboratory and affiliated calibrators were 2.7％ -5.9％ and 2.7％ -7.5％,respectively.The results of LoB,LoD and FS were 2.5,7.8 and 8.8 pg/ml,respectively.AMR was 8 -35 126 pg/ml,and the most suitable dilution rate was 1∶ 2,so the CRR was 9 -70 252 pg/ml.428 μmol/L bilirubin,2 g/L haematoglobin and 2 200 FIU chyle didn't interfere with the NT-proBNP assay.Moreover,almost all the data from different age groups were in the range of biological reference intervals declared by the manusfacturers, except one test data (167 pg/ml).Conclusions The analyticalperformance of NT-proBNP analyzed on Roche Cobas E601electrochemiluminescence immunoassay systemisconsistentwiththestandarlswhichmanufacturershas proclaimed.The establishment of LoD,FS,maximal dilution and CRR for NT-proBNP assay could provide the quality assurance for clinical use and the biological reference intervals declared by manusfacturers could meet the clinical needs.