OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and management of anti-HIV drugs,and to provide ref-erence basis for occupational exposure to develop free drug policy. METHODS:Using retrospective study method,according to DDD calculation method recommended by WHO,consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS:The consumption sum of anti-HIV drugs increased firstly and decreased later, increasing from 512112 yuan in 2011 to 650854 yuan in 2012,decreasing to 496473 yuan in 2014. DDDs of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 decreased from 35932 in 2011,to 16363 in 2014,showing decreasing tendency. The consumption sum of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors during 2012-2014 took up the first place,and DDDs of nucleotide reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors took up the first place in 2011,2013,2014. DDDs of Zidovudine tablets took up the first place in 2013,2014, and that of Tangcao tablets took up top 3 places during 2011-2014. DDC of Tenofour disoproxil fumarate tablets,Zidovudine and la-mivudine tablets,Emtricitabine and tenofovir tablets,Lopinavir and ritonavir tablets were in high level,being more than 46 yuan. DDC of Zidovudine tablets,Stavadine tablets and Nevirapine tablets were in low level,being lower than 6 yuan. B/A of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets,Stavudine tablets and Efavirenz tablets ranged 0.5-1.5 in 4 years and B/A of Tangcao tablets was equal to 1,showing good synchronism of social and economical benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical application of anti-HIV drugs in our center is rational basically,and the use of drug is basically consistent with the occupational exposure prevention. The use of TCM preparation is basically in line with the requirements of drug use in the clinic.

Object To compare the content in corilagin of Phyllanthus urinaria L. harvested from ten different regions of China in different months. Methods The content of corilagin was determined by UV spectrophotometry, detective wavelength is 270 nm. Results The content of corilagin in P. urinaria from Hainan and Guizhou province was the lowest, 0 58%. The highest content was given by the plant from Xi'an zone, Shanxi province, 1 78%. The best harvest time is in August and September, content of corilagin is 1 24%. Conclusion The difference of the corilagin contents in P urinaria . harvested from different regions and in different harvest time in the same region is great.

Plasma homocystein (Hcy) level and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism were investigated in 50 normal subjects, 32 cases of hypothyroidism and 48 cases of hyperthyroidism. As compared with normal group, plasma Hcy level was increased in hypothyroidism group (P

Objective To compare the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice immunized by recombinant plasmids PeDNA3.1-M-NS1 and pcDNA3.1-N-NS1.Methods Dengue type 2 virus(DENV2)NS1 gene were constructed two partial sequences(1-413 bp)of the pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic plasmids and pET28a(+)plasmid for prokaryotic expression,identification,purification and quantification.The BALB/c mice were immunized by pcDNA3.1-M-NS1,pcDNA3.1-N-NS1 recombinant plasmids with adjuvant.Each animal received a primary inoculation and two boosts at 1-week intervals.Then the blood samples of BALB/c mice were collected from different experiment groups at day 7,14,28 and 56,respectively after first immunization.The specific IgM/IgG antibodies for NS1 protein in serum were confirmed by indirect ELISA.And then the activities of the specific protective antibody were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition(CPEI).Results Construction of the pET28a(+)-NS1 m/pET28a(+)-NS1n prokaryotic expression plasmid,SDS-PAGE analysis showed that,NS1 gene partial sequence was expressed,both the relative molecular weight of about 22.3×103:Western blot showed that the protein can bind anti-His tag monoclonal antibody;byNi affinity chromatographywith apurity of 92% protein,on the C6/36 cell toxicity,and can be used ELASA detection.The results showed that the levels of specific IgM/IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody activities were increased in pcDNA3.1-M-NS1 booster immunization group than other groups.The result had been observed longer duration of antibody level in peDNA3.1-M-NS1 booster immunization group.Conclusion Humoral immune response were significantly different between pcDNA3.1-M-NS1 and pcDNA3.1-N-NS1 recombinant plasmid immunized mice groups.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts under inducing condition that Zouguiwan and Youguiwan coordinate inducers, but the mechanism remains to be discussed. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan on transforming growth factorβ1 and its signal transduction protein Smad2/3 message expression during the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:A whole bone marrow adherence method was adopted to isolate and cultivate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats. The cellcultivation was processed in five groups:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were respectively cultured with blank serum, serum containing Zouguiwan, serum containing Youguiwan, positive serum containing progynova+inducer (dexamethasone, vitamin C, andβ-glycerophosphate), and inducer. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of type I col agen. The immunohistochemical assay was utilized to test transforming growth factorβ1 and Smad2/3 expression in the osteoblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It was apparently more significant for serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan on type I col agen, transforming growth factorβ1 and Smad2/3 expression, compared with blank serum group and inducer group (P<0.05);moreover, serum containing Zuoguiwan was better than serum containing Youguiwan (P<0.05). Both of serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan are able to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, Zuoguiwan is much more effective indicating that this method of traditional Chinese medicine about nourishing kidneys can be better to promote osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that liver cels can synthesize insulin after giving pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) gene. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody can inhibit the immune reaction of insulin-producing liver cels, but the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of interleukin-10 gene on liver cels and liver PDX1 expression in nonobese diabetic mice after interfered by adenovirus vector-mediated murine interleukin-10 and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. METHOD:Forty nonobese diabetic female mice aged 3-5 weeks were randomly divided into anti-CD20, anti-CD20 + interleukin-10, interleukin, and control groups. Mice in each group were respectively injected with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody + adenovirus vector-mediated murine interleukin-10, adenovirus vector-mediated murine interleukin-10 and normal saline on days 1, 8, 15 and 21via tail vein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 12 weeks, the blood glucose level of mice treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and/or interleukin-10 was significantly reduced compared with the control group, while the insulin, interleukin-10 and CD20 expression levels in the serum and liver were significantly increased, the liver PDX1 expression was also upregulated. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with interleukin-10 had more obvious effects than the single use. No matter the combined intervention or single use, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-10 show no impact on the inflammation of liver cels. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and/or interleukin-10 increases PDX1 expression in nonobese diabetic mice.

Objective:To analyze influencing factors for sarcopenia in people of advanced age, in order to provide insight and evidence for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in people belonging to this age group.Methods:Data from 167 people of advanced age seeking care at our department from December 2014 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, subjects were divided into the sarcopenia group( n=46, 27.5%)and the non-sarcopenia group( n=121). Differences in body composition, energy intake, quantities and proportions of three major nutrients were analyzed between males and females.Related influencing factors for sarcopenia were analyzed by using multiple linear regression. Results:Compared with the non-sarcopenia group, the sarcopenia group had lower body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fat mass, total energy intake and protein( P<0.05)but higher age and fat intake( P<0.05). Values for grip strength, muscle mass, index of skeletal muscle, adjusted muscle mass by body mass index, total energy intake, carbohydrates, fat and protein were lower and the percentage of body fat was higher in females than in males( P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient intake of protein( β=-0.290, OR=0.748, 95% CI: 0.569-0.984, P<0.05), reduction of body fat mass( β=-2.673, OR=0.069, 95% CI: 0.010-0.488, P<0.05)and excessive visceral fat accumulation( β=0.739, OR=2.094, 95% CI: 1.219-3.597, P<0.01)were correlated with sarcopenia in people of advanced age. Conclusions:The occurrence of sarcopenia is higher in people of advanced age and is related to insufficient intake of protein, reduction of body fat mass and excessive visceral fat accumulation.Individualized nutrition evaluation and support should be carried out as early as possible for people in this age group.

Objective:To investigate the muscular quality and its related influencing factors in elderly with sarcopenic obesity.Methods:The internalized 696 elderly subjects meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into four groups including the sarcopenic obesity(n=55), sarcopenia(n=8), simple obesity(n=481)and normal control(n=152)groups.The intergroup difference was retrospectively analyzed in the parameters of body composition, dietary intake of total energy and three major nutrients and their proportions.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the occurrence of sarcopenic obesity in the elderly.Results:The sarcopenic obesity group versus normal control group showed a higher level or value in age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fat mass, percentage of body fat, visceral fat area, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate( P<0.01 or 0.05), and showed a lower level or value in grip strength, skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle index, muscle quality(grip strength/limb skeletal muscle), intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein, body weight-adjusted intake of energy and protein, as well as ideal body weight-adjusted intake of energy and protein( P<0.01). The detection rate of sarcopenic obesity was 7.90%(n=55), including 7.60% in males(n=48)and 11.48% in females(n=7 cases). The detection rate of sarcopenic obesity was increased along with increasing age with 0.07%(2/287)in 60-69 years old group, 4.94%(12/243)in 70-79 years old group, and 24.70%(41/166)in ≥80 years old group( χ2=87.76, P<0.01). Taking the median point of grip strength/limb skeletal muscle volume as the cutoff point, the decrease rate of muscle quality was 12.36%(86/696)in total elderly subjects, 2.63%(4/152)in the control group, 11.64%(86/635)in the obesity group, 37.5%(3/8)in the sarcopenia group and 41.82%(23/55)in the sarcopenic obesity group, with an increasing trend of the decrease of muscle quality, which had significant differences( χ2=62.25, P<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that aging, excessive visceral fat area, insufficient protein intake and decreased basal metabolism were the independent risk factors for sarcopenic obesity in elderly people( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of decrease of muscle quality is higher in the elderly with sarcopenic obesity than other elderly groups.Sarcopenic obesity is correlated with aging, insufficient intake of protein, decreased basal metabolism and excessive visceral fat accumulation.Individual evaluation and support is necessary in elderly people with sarcopenic obesity.

OBJECTIVE To prevent nosocomial infection and increase the safety of blood supply so as to evaluate the feasibility of routine detections in screening blood donations for HBV DNA and HBV markers. METHODS(Three hundred blood) donors and 346 cases were detected by ELISA for HBV markers,and then performed by LightCycler for HBV DNA. RESULTS One(1.6%) of 62 negative samples of HBV markers in 346 cases was positive for HBV DNA.Out of 300 qualified donors in screening tests,six(2%) were positive for HBV DNA.And two(0.9%) of 222 negative samples of HBV markers were positive for HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that there are HBV infections with negative hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) in population of Qingdao area and that incorporating fluorescence quantitative PCR into ELISA in screening blood donations for HBV infection will further increase the safety of blood supply and prevent nosocomial infections.

OBJECTIVE To study the current infection control issues and discuss protocols of nosocomial infection management. METHODS Based on the characteristics and progresses of domestic and international nosocomial infection management,we analyzed the existing problems and countermeasures of some key issues. RESULTS Enhancing nosocomial infection objective-surveillance,the personnel construction,information technology,etc are the chief methods to improve the quality of nosocomial infection control. CONCLUSIONS Adopting some new measures to strengthen the nosocomial infection management is essential and important to the security of medical treatment.