Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective To explore the impact of the clinical internship model at the on-campus rehabilitation outpatient clinic on the clinical practice abilities and employment intentions of students in the physical therapy program.Methods A total of 60 students from the 2020 cohort of the Rehabilitation Physical Therapy program at Kunming Medical University were selected as research subjects.In the first semester of their sophomore year,they were randomly divided into two groups:the three-phase clinical internship group at the on-campus rehabilitation outpatient clinic(n=30)and the conventional clinical internship group(n=30).The three-phase clinical internship group completed their clinical internship in three phases according to the training objectives at the on-campus rehabilitation outpatient clinic,while the conventional clinical internship group completed their internship according to the requirements of the internship syllabus.At the end of all clinical internships,assessments were conducted using a comprehensive theoretical examination of core professional courses,the Assessment of Physiotherapy Practice(APP),and an employment intention survey to evaluate the outcomes of the internships for both groups.Results After completing all internship tasks,there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of the comprehensive theoretical examination of core professional courses between the two groups(P>0.05).Similarly,there was no statistically significant difference in the total scores of the physiotherapy clinical practice assessment between the two groups(P>0.05).However,in the detailed assessments,the three-phase internship group outperformed the conventional group in professional behavior,communication,and evaluation(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in analysis and planning,intervention,evidence-based practice,and risk management(P>0.05).In the employment intention survey,70%of students in the three-phase internship group expressed a willingness to work in rehabilitation outpatient clinics or clinics,while only 46.6%of the conventional group did so.The comparison of employment intentions between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion The three-phase apprenticeship model of the on-campus rehabilitation clinic not only improves students'clinical practice ability,but also increases their confidence in seeking employment in the rehabilitation clinic,thus broadening the employment pathway for physiotherapy students.

Objective To explore the immediate,long-term,and delayed effects of spiral stabilizing muscle chain technique compared to static distraction and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF)stretching techniques on the flexibility of hip flexors.Methods Ninety subjects were randomly divided intothree groups of 30 each.Group 1 underwent the static stretching of the hip joint.Group 2 received PNF stretching,and Group 3 participated in SPS training.All participants were measured for hip extension angle to assess hip flexor flexibility before training,immediately after the first training session,at the end of 4 weeks of training,and 2 weeks after training cessation.Results Within-group comparisons showed significant increases in hip extension angles after one training session,after 4 weeks of training,and after 2 weeks of cessation compared to pre-training(P＜0.05).Between-group comparisons indicated no statistically significant differences in hip extension angle improvements among the three groups after one training session,after 4 weeks of training,and after 2 weeks of cessation(P＞0.05).Conclusion SPS training,static stretching,and PNF stretching all demonstrate good immediate,long-term,and delayed effects on improving hip extension angles,with consistent stretching outcomes.

Objective To observe the value of 18F-D3FSP PET/CT machine learning(ML)models for evaluating subjective cognitive decline(SCD).Methods Thirty-two SCD patients(SCD group)and 16 healthy volunteers(control group)who received 18F-D3FSP PET/CT were selected from Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline(SILCODE)and divided into training set(n=34)and test set(n=14)at a ratio of 7∶3.Support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF)and logistic regression(LR)models were constructed based on Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and standard uptake value ratio(SUVR)of brain regions being significantly different between groups to evaluate SCD.Then PET/CT data were amplified by format conversion and divided into training set(including 8 775 CT images and 1 833 PET images)and test set(including 2 025 CT images and 423 PET images)at the ratio of 8∶2.VGG16 models were constructed based on CT and PET images to evaluate SCD,respectively.Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of SVM,RF and LR model for evaluating SCD in training set was all 1.000,while was 0.863,0.872 and 1.000 in test set,respectively.LR model was overfitting,and RF model had better performance.The accuracy of VGG16 model for evaluating SCD based on CT and PET images tended to be stable after the 175th and 150th iterations,with the highest accuracy of 67.11％ and 65.35％ in training set,which tended to be stable after the 165th and 145th iterations,with the highest accuracy of 62.43％ and 59.16％ in test set,respectively.Conclusion 18F-D3FSP PET/CT ML models could be used to evaluate SCD.

Objective To assess the application value of mycoplasma pneumonia(MP)real-time fluorescence of RNA simultaneous amplification and testing(SAT)and MP antibody(MP-Ab)in the diagnosis of MP pneumonia(MPP)in children.Methods A total of 242 children with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized at Beijing Haidian Hospital from September 2023 to October 2024 were enrolled as subjects.The children were divided into MPP group(n=193)and non-MPP group(n=49)based on MPP diagnosis.All children underwent simultaneous MP-SAT testing and initial MP-Ab detection within 24h of admission.MP-SAT results were monitored until they turned negative,with retesting for MP-Ab on 5-7d post-hospitalization in negative cases.The study compared diagnostic accuracy between MP-SAT and MP-Ab methods,while analyzing correlations between MP-SAT negative conversion time and clinical cure duration.Results For children with disease duration ≤ 7 days,MP-SAT demonstrated higher sensitivity than MP-Ab,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The concordance between MP-SAT and initial MP-Ab test results was weak(Kappa=0.072),while the consistency between MP-SAT and follow-up MP-Ab test results was moderate(Kappa=0.614,P＜0.00 1).Both the clinical cure time and SAT seroconversion time were shorter with doxycycline treatment compared to azithromycin therapy.Conclusion The results of MP-SAT can be used to evaluate the condition of MPP children and guide the timely discontinuation of antibiotics.

BACKGROUND:Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to the imbalance of mitochondrial autophagy regulation.Previous studies by the research group have shown that lycium barbarum polysaccharide has neuroprotective effects,but whether it can improve the damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced byβ-amyloid protein 1-42 by regulating mitochondrial autophagy is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on SH-SY5Y cells induced by β-amyloid protein 1-42.METHODS:An Alzheimer's disease cell model was established by inducing SH-SY5Y cells with β-amyloid protein 1-42,and then intervening with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide.SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups:control group,β-amyloid protein 1-42 group(20 μmol/L β-amyloid protein 1-42 for 24 hours),and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide group(1 g/L Lycium barbarum polysaccharide was added 1 hour in advance to form a protective effect,and then 20 μmol/L β-amyloid protein 1-42 was added to intervene with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide for 24 hours).CCK8 assay was used to detect cell viability.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1.TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Immunofluorescence and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of synaptic,apoptosis,and mitophagy-related indicators.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the cell viability of the β-amyloid protein 1-42 group decreased(P＜0.05);cell apoptosis rate increased(P＜0.05);mitochondrial membrane potential decreased(P＜0.05);the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase3 increased(P＜0.05);the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of synaptic-related proteins Syn and PSD-95 decreased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins Pink1,LC3A/B,Parkin,and Beclin-1 decreased(P＜0.05);and the expression of P62 increased(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the β-amyloid protein 1-42 group,the cell viability in the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was increased(P＜0.05);the apoptosis rate was decreased(P＜0.05);the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of Bax and Caspase3 were decreased(P＜0.05);the expression of Bcl-2 was increased(P＜0.05);the expressions of Syn and PSD-95 were increased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of Pink1,LC3A/B,Parkin,and Beclin-1 were increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of P62 was decreased(P＜0.05).These findings indicate that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide may inhibit β-amyloid protein 1-42-induced damage to SH-SY5Y cells by regulating mitophagy,reduce cell apoptosis,and increase neuronal synaptic plasticity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of cystatin C(CysC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL), urea nitrogen(UREA), blood creatinine(Scr)and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)in early diabetic nephropathy and their relationship with aging.Methods:A total of 140 diabetic patients aged 60 and above who were admitted to Beijing Hospital from July 2022 to November 2022 and 59 healthy people aged 60 and above who underwent physical examination in Beijing hospital during the same period were selected as the study subjects.In January 2023, 157 healthy people over 20 years old who underwent physical examination in Beijing Hospital were used as another group of research objects to explore the relationship between various indicators and aging.According to the urinary microalbumin/urinary creatinine(UACR)ratio, the patients were divided into three groups: 40 patients with simple diabetes mellitus(DM), 57 patients with early diabetic nephropathy(EDN), and 43 patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN).59 healthy subjects were used as control group(NC group).Serum NGAL, Scr, Cys C, UREA and urinary NGAL were detected, and NGAL was determined by latex immunoturbidimetry.Scr was determined by sarcosine oxidase method.Cys C was determined by immunoturbidimetry.Urease-glutamate dehydrogenase method was used to determine UREA.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of urea alone and combined diagnosis in EDN.The relationship between serum NGAL, Scr, Cys C, UREA and urinary NGAL and gender and aging were analyzed in 157 healthy individuals.Results:Compared to the NC group, serum NGAL, Scr, CysC, and UREA levels were significantly higher in the EDN and DN groups(all P<0.01), and the differences between EDN group, DN group and NC group were statistically significant( P<0.01).The values of these markers increased across the NC, DM, EDN, and DN groups.ROC curve shows: The area under curve(AUC)of serum NGAL, Scr, Cys C, UREA, urine NGAL, combined diagnosis 1 and combined diagnosis 2 were 0.655, 0.760, 0.789, 0.753, 0.628, 0.831, 0.827, respectively.The sensitivity of combined diagnosis 1 and combined diagnosis 2 was higher(63.2% and 66.7%), and the specificity of serum NGAL was higher(96.6%).The AUC values of Cys C, co-diagnosis 1, and co-diagnosis 2 were large and correlated(AUC=0.789, 0.831, 0.827, rs=0.501, 0.573, 0.567), and the diagnostic value of Cys C, co-diagnosis 1, and co-diagnosis 2 for EDN was high(AUC=0.789, 0.831, 0.827, Yoden index=0.442, 0.530, 0.531; sensitivity 56.1%, 63.2%, 66.7%; specificity 88.1%, 89.8%, 86.4%).Healthy individuals over 20 years of age: serum NGAL[(127.5±35.5)μg/L vs.(111.5±32.4)μg/L, P=0.004], Scr[(83.4±11.2)μmol/L versus(63.4±11.0)μmol/L, P<0.001], Cys C[(0.8±0.2)mg/L vs.(0.7±0.2)mg/L, P<0.001], and UREA levels were higher in males than females[(5.1±1.1)mmol/L vs.(4.6±1.1)mmol/ L, P=0.002]; urinary NGAL was higher in females than males[22.0(13.0, 37.8)μg/L vs.15.0(10.0, 30.5)μg/L, P=0.025].Cys C( F=16.582, P<0.001), urinary NGAL levels( F=-3.533, P<0.001)basically increased with age. Conclusions:CysC showed a higher diagnostic value for EDN than UREA, Scr, blood NGAL, and urine NGAL in patients aged 60 and above Combined diagnosis 1 and combined diagnosis 2 have higher value in monitoring the progress of DN.The levels of Cys C and urinary NGAL showed a gradually increasing trend with the increase of age, and the levels of serum NGAL, Scr, Cys C and UREA were higher in males than in females.Urinary NGAL was higher in females than males.

Objective:To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics and survival between Chinese and Western patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) .Methods:Clinical and laboratory data were collected from 1,464 primary adult patients diagnosed with MDS at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital from August 2016 to June 2024. Collected data were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 2,191 patients from the International Working Group for the Prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (IWG-PM) .Results:Chinese patients were significantly younger (median age: 56 years vs. 72 years, P<0.001) and experienced more severe hematopenia ( P<0.001) compared with patients from the IWG-PM. Further, Chinese patients exhibited a higher percentage of isolated del (20q), +8, and complex karyotypes as well as a lower percentage of normal karyotypes, del (5q), and -Y ( P<0.001). Higher U2AF1, NRAS, and NPM1 mutation rates and lower ASXL1, SF3B1, and RUNX1 mutation rates were observed in Chinese patients than in participants from the IWG-PM ( P<0.05). No significant difference in overall survival (OS) was found between the two groups (median OS: 48 [95% CI: 40 - 56]months, vs. 45[95% CI: 40 - 49] months; P=0.449). Among participants aged ≤45 years, Chinese patients demonstrated more trisomy 8 ( P=0.070) and U2AF1 mutation ( P<0.001) and higher 4-year OS rate compared with those from the IWG-PM (75.5% vs. 62.1%, P=0.001). Among participants aged ≥70 years, Chinese patients exhibited more complex karyotypes but fewer del (5q) as well as more NPM1 but less SF3B1 and TET2 compared with those from the IWG-PM ( P<0.05). Chinese patients demonstrated shorter survival (median OS: 20 [95% CI: 13 - 27] months vs. 37 [95% CI: 32 - 42] months, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Chinese and Western MDS patients differ in age of onset, clinical features, and cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities, with significant differences persisting in age-matched groups. Although the OS is similar, disparities exist in survival for younger and older patients between the two populations.