The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) provides a safe,painless,and durable intravenous pathway for the treatment of cancer patients.However,risk of intravascular catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) exists during the catheter indwelling period.In this review,the definition,diagnostic criteria,characteristic of pathogens,and risk factors of CRBSI in tumor departments are analyzed and some effective prevention and nursing strategies are postulated.

Objective To explore the effects of alcohol on NO concentration in plasma and activity of ATP enzyme in erythrocytes of rabbits. Methods 32 rabbits were divided into groups and treated with alcohol, injected intravenously, at the doses of 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg, 15 minutes after treatment, the blood samples were collected and NO concentration in plasma, activity of ATP enzyme in erythrocytes were determined. Results NO concentration in plasma of rabbits significantly decreased in 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg groups, but increased in 1.5 g/kg group (P

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the lipid control success rate among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Questionnaire and clinical data reviews were conducted to investigate the general information,disease characteristics and patients controlling blood lipid and by blood biochemical tests were done to detect the lipid levels.The relationships between lipid control success rate and general information,disease characteristics and patients' behaviors were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results The blood lipid success rate was only 67.09％ in patients with CHD combined dyslipidemia.The education level,cardiovascular disease risk grading,complications,body mass index,medication compliance and dietary evaluation were the main factors influencing the patients' success in blood lipid control.Conclusion The lipid control success rate can be raised by taking measurements to help patients with CHD and dyslipidemia control weight and increase medication compliance and dietary behavior.

Objective To investigate pathological changes of lens epithelium cells (LECs) and expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3),alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),and fibronectin (Fn) in lens epithelial cells of experimental diabetic cataract rats,and to evaluate the roles of MMP-3,α-SMA,and Fn in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract.Methods A total of 105 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats without lens diseases was randomly divided into normal control (n =45) and diabetic model (n =60) groups.Diabetic model rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg),and those in the normal control group received injection with 0.1 mmol/L citric acid buffer solution of the same volume.The diabetic models were affirmed upon a fasting blood ≥ 16.65 mmol/L at the 3rd days after the injection.Once a week,the changes of blood glucose and body weight were monitored and the progression of cataract formation in both lenses of all rats was recorded with slit lamp observation.At end of 4 weeks,8 weeks,and 12 weeks after STZ injection,lenses were isolated and embedded in paraffin.The LECs histopathology was examined with HE staining.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect expressions of MMP-3,α-SMA,and Fn in normal and diabetic LECs.The related comparisons and statistic analysis were carried out.Results The lenses of control group were always completely transparent throughout the period of experiment with 31.48％,77.78％,and 100％ of lenses in diabetic model group swelling at 4th,8th,and 12th week,respectively.Under the light microscopic level,it has been showed that lens epithelium cells,which was occurred aggregate plaque and arranged in many layers,presented some morphologic characteristics of fibroblasts by HE staining.In control group LECs regularly,MMP-3,α-SMA,and Fn did not express equally;MMP-3,α-SMA,and Fn expressions increased obviously highly,difference had statistical significance compared to diabetic cataract group LECs (P ＜ 0.01).With the development of course of disease,the differences in expression of MMP-3,α-SMA,and Fn were significant between the diabetic cataract LECs and the control group (P ＜ 0.01).During the progression of diabetic cataract,the expression of Fn was positively correlated with that of α-SMA and MMP-3 (r =0.994,P ＜ 0.01;r =0.993,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The diabetic cataract liyingbody animal model was established successfully,which has laid down necessary basis to expound the morbidity mechanism of diabetic cataract.In the lens of diabetic cataract group,the expressions of α-SMA,MMP-3,and Fn were significantly increased.They participated in the occurrence and development of diabetic cataract.The expression of Fn was positively correlated with α-SMA and MMP-3.The lens epithelium cells which took on elongated aspect like fibroblast cells appeared epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT),which mediated the occurrence and development of LECs fibrosis.

Objective To determine whether the fixation method of electrode of the improved pediatric video electroencephalogram (VEEG) is better than the traditional fixation method. Methods A total of 746 children patients who needed VEEG monitoring were divided into the experimental group and the control group with random digit table with 373 patients in each group. Improved fixation method and traditional fixation method of electrode were adopted during VEEG monitoring in the experimental group and the control group. The advantage and disadvantage of the two fixation method were compared through evaluation of skin injury of scalp and deltoideus triangularis, electrode loss and electrode breakage. Results The incidence of skin injury of scalp and deltoideus triangularis, electrode loss and electrode breakage in the experimental group were 7, 0, 29, and 12, which were less than 29, 6, 71, and 37 of the control group, the differences were of statistical significance (χ2=14.126, 20.371, 13.652, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions Improved electrode fixation method during pediatric VEEG can avoid skin injury of scalp and deltoideus triangularis, reduce electrode loss and electrode breakage, besides, it also can reduce medical cost and discomfort of children. The modified electrode fixation method proved to be superior to the traditional method and it is worth popularization and application.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts under inducing condition that Zouguiwan and Youguiwan coordinate inducers, but the mechanism remains to be discussed. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan on transforming growth factorβ1 and its signal transduction protein Smad2/3 message expression during the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:A whole bone marrow adherence method was adopted to isolate and cultivate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats. The cellcultivation was processed in five groups:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were respectively cultured with blank serum, serum containing Zouguiwan, serum containing Youguiwan, positive serum containing progynova+inducer (dexamethasone, vitamin C, andβ-glycerophosphate), and inducer. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of type I col agen. The immunohistochemical assay was utilized to test transforming growth factorβ1 and Smad2/3 expression in the osteoblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It was apparently more significant for serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan on type I col agen, transforming growth factorβ1 and Smad2/3 expression, compared with blank serum group and inducer group (P<0.05);moreover, serum containing Zuoguiwan was better than serum containing Youguiwan (P<0.05). Both of serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan are able to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, Zuoguiwan is much more effective indicating that this method of traditional Chinese medicine about nourishing kidneys can be better to promote osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Aim To investigate the effects of polyI:C on angiogenesis in mouse prostate carcinoma and its mechanisms.Methods Prostate carcinoma bearing mice were randomly divided into two groups according to tumor volume:contrl group and polyI:C group.After seven times′treatment,the mice were sacrificed.The content of NO in tumor was measured by nitric oxide assay kit.Tumor tissues were partly performed hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe morphological changes and distribution of vasa.Immunohisto chemical staining was used to observe the expression of VEGF,eNOS and AQP1.Results The content of NO in polyI:C group and the control was(1.22?0.77)?mol and(8.73?5.34)?mol respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups(P

Objectives: To detect the expressions of mTOR and HIF-1?and their relationship with angiogenesis in gastric carcinomas. Methods: The expressions of mTOR and HIF-1?in gastric carcinomas tissues(n=70)and normal tissues(n=45)were measured by immunohistochemistry staining.CD34 immunostaining was used to measure the microvascular density(MVD).Results: The rates of the mTOR and HIF-1? positive expression were 51.4% and 67.1% respectively. MVD value of gastric cancer tissues was much higher than that of normal tissues(t=4.358, P

Homoacetogens are a group of microorganisms with application potential to produce chemicals and biofuels by the bioconversion of synthesis gas. In this study, we collected waste activated sludge samples to screen homoacetogens by Hungate anaerobic technique, and studied the effect of pH on acetate and alcohol production from H2/CO2 gas. The mixed culture contained Clostridium ljungdahlii, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Bacillus cereus. Acetate concentration achieved 31.69 mmol/L when the initial pH was 7. The mixed culture containing homoacetogen could converting H2/CO2 to acetate, which provides an efficient microbial resource for the bioconversion of synthesis gas.
Acetates ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; classification ; Biofuels ; Carbon Dioxide ; Hydrogen ; Sewage ; microbiology

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of point-of-care testing (POCT) for blood glucose monitoring in critically ill patients.Methods Two hundred and forty critically ill patients,of both sexes,aged 20-88 yr,with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score of 1-45,were enrolled.The venous,arterial and capillary blood samples were collected to determine the real-time blood glucose level using glucose oxidase (GOD) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) methods.The blood glucose level measured by central laboratory hexokinase method simultaneously was served as standard level.Error Grid analysis (EGA) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to determine accuracy and consistency,respectively.The accuracy of real-time blood glucose levels within the consistent limits was evaluated.Results 1.The results of EGA showed that 98.7 ％,98.3 ％,98.3 ％(GDH method) and 96.2％,96.6％,96.7％ (GOD method) of the difference between venous,arterial and capillary blood glucose levels measured and the standard level were located in the A and B zones,respectively,and 1.2％,1.7％,1.7％ (GDH method) and 2.9％,3.3％,3.3％ (GOD method) in the D zone.0.8％ (GOD method) of the difference between venous blood glucose levels and the standard level were located in the C zone.2.Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference between the standard level and glucose level measured in blood samples from the vein,artery and capillary.was-0.1,-0.3,-0.2 mmol/L (GDH method) and-0.9,-1.0,-0.9 mmol/L (GOD method),respectively,and the incidence beyond the upper and lower limits of consistency zone was 4.5 ％,6.7 ％,6.6 ％ (GDH method) and 4.6 ％,5.0 ％,7.1％ (GOD method),respectively.The accuracy of venous,arterial and capillary blood glucose levels within the consistent limits was 94.3 ％,92.1％,93.7％ (GOD method) and 96.6％,95.1％,95.5％ (GDH method),respetively.Conclusion The accuracy of POCT for blood glucose monitored by GOD and GDH methods is good in critically ill patients,but it is possible to overestimate the patient's real glucose level.