Objective To analyze the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis.Methods Eighty-six patients with T2DM were selected.The patients were divided into T2DM complicated with osteoporosis group and simple T2DM group according to the BMD value.The fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and course of disease were compared between the 2 groups,and the correlation was analyzed between the indexes and BMD.Ninety-three health examination people were selected as health control group.Results The rate of osteoporosis in health examination people was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients [28.0％(26/93) vs.59.3％(51/86)],there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).There were statistical differences in HbA1c,FINS,BMD,course of disease between T2DM complicated with osteoporosis group (51 cases) and simple T2DM group (35 cases) [(8.57 ± 2.59)％vs.(7.26 ±1.68)％,(13.21 ±4.73) μU/L vs.(17.54 ±5.91) μU/L,(0.764 ±0.130) g/cm2 vs.(0.993 ± 0.123) g/cm2,(11.4 ± 6.4) years vs.(8.6 ± 4.7) years,P ＜ 0.05].The BMD in patients with T2DM was negatively correlated with course of disease,HbA1c,FINS (r =-0.306,-0.185,-0.269; P ＜ 0.05 or ＜0.01),there was no correlation between BMD with FBG (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The poor long-term blood glucose control,low insulin level,long course of disease are the risk factors for T2DM complicated with osteoporosis.

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death,is a normal process contributing to tissue tumor during development and in the adult.During development apoptosis is involved in tissue homeostasis and eliminating nonfunctional,superfluous or harmful cells.It is an active process controlled by some gene and factors such as caspases, bcl-2, Fas/FasL and NO.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from progressive destruction of insulin-producing ?-cells in the pancreas.The relationship between apoptosis with its modulation and type 1 diabetes mellitus was reviwed.

The association between autoimmunity and lymphoma is bidirectional: patients with autoimmune disorders have an increased risk of developing malignant lymphoma, and autoimmune symptoms occur in the context of malignant lymphoma much more often. The epidemic features, clinical characteristics,and biologic mechanisms that underlie this association have been investigated in many studies, and this review is focused on recent progresses in this area.

Objective: To investigate the possible association between the allelic variation of LAPTM4B and the genetic susceptibility of lung cancer. Methods: The genotype of LAPTM4B was analyzed in 134 unrelated healthy adult individuals and 166 patients with lung cancer by utilizing polymerase chain reaction based on special primers. The genotypical distribution of LAPTM4B was analyzed by ? 2 test. Results: The allelic frequencies of the *2 were 40.1% and 28.0% in the lung cancer group and the healthy control group respectively, which was significantly different between the two groups (P 0.002). There was a significant difference in the overall genotypical distribution between the patients and the controls (P0.005). The risk of suffering from lung cancer was increased 1.91 times in the individuals of the *1/2 genotype (95%CI: 1.178-3.110) and 3.26 times in the individuals of the *2/2 genotype of LAPTM4B (95%CI:1.338-7.929) compared with the *1/2 genotype. No association was observed between the genotypical distribution of LAPTM4B and the clinical information on patients of lung cancer such as gender, age, pathological type, differentiation classification of TNM and infection of HBV. Conclusion: This study suggests that the allele *2 of LAPTM4B might be the risk factor of lung cancer, which could be associated with genetic susceptibility of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is closely related to the high incident rate of diabetic heart failure. It is extremely significant to set up the successful dietetic cardiomyopathy model for the study on improving cardiac function.OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of high blood sugar on myocardium by setting up the model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy.DESIGN: Completely randomized design, randomized and controlled study,in which, the experimental animals were taken as the objects.SETTING: Department of endocrinology of a university.METHODS: In the experiment, 99 newly born Wistar male rats were employed, randomized into experiment group (75 rats) and the control group(24 rats). In the control group, abdominal injection was done with sodium citrate buffer and the single abdominal injection was done with strptozocin(STZ)90 mg/kg in the experiment group. Ten weeks later, the glucose tolerance was assayed to determine the set-up of diabetes model. The ultrastructure of myocardium of rats was tested under electronic microscope after being sacrificed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observer whether the myofibrillae and mitochondria of myocardiocytes alter or not in diabetic rats.RESULTS: In the experiment group, the fasting blood sugar[(8.87± 0.76)mmol/L] was slightly higher than that[ (5.88 ± 0. 45)mmol/L] in the control group, the blood sugar 2 hours after meal was remarkably higher than that in the control group and the glucose tolerance was abnormal. Under the electronic microscope, the myofibrillae presented focal degeneration and disarranged order of myofilament; mitochondria of myocardiocytes presented swelling and focal proliferation.CONCLUSION: This model is the satisfactory carrier for the study on diabetes Ⅱ and its myocardiopathy, which lays an experimental foundation for the study on cardiac function of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long-term "market to order" (MTO) training mechanism for pharmaceutical employees,and provide reference for the development of college-level pharmaceutical education.METHODS:The characteristics of MTO training were studied and the difficulties and problems of the training model were analyzed to put forward countermeasures.RESULTS:Cooperation between schools and employers of MTO training model was influenced by social environment factors,and it also was limited by operating risk of employers and two-way choice of employment.CONCLUSION:MTO training is new type of personnel training model based on schools,students and employers.The training model completely demonstrates the role of schools and employer in personnel training.It contributes to improve comprehensive quality of students and resolve disconnection between school education and demands of employer.

The 54th ASH annual meeting should be considered as a revolution for treatment of lymphoma.Keep away from chemotherapy will not be just a dream,it based on the deep understand of lymphoma genesis and quick development of different targeted agents.The typical examples are the dramatic novel agents targeting B cell receptor signaling pathway and microenvironment.There combination,such as R-square regimen,showed unbelievable efficacy in indolent B cell lymphomas and tiny side effects.It is sure that therapy breakthroughs in aggressive B cell lymphomas and T/NK cell lymphomas are in the very near future.

0.05).Meanwhile,the percentage of elongation increased following each recasting(P

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).Methods The clinicopathological data of 75 patients(46 males,29 females;average age 38 years) with IBD confirmed by colonoscopy from March 2010 to March 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.Among the 75 patients,30 were with ulcerative colitis(UC) and 45 were with Crohn's disease (CD).All underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.Enteroscope and CRP examination were performed within 1 week before or after PET/CT imaging.The results of 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with those of located CT and enteroscope (x2,t tests).Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CRP and the SUVmax of lesions presented in IBD.Results (1) 18 F-FDG PET/CT accurately detected 65 patients with IBD,while located CT diagnosed 55 patients with IBD.The diagnostic sensitivities were significantly different:86.7％ (65/75) vs 73.3％ (55/75),x2 =4.167,P＜0.05.(2) Among 65 patients with positive results in 18F-FDG PET/CT,lesions were consistent with those detected by endoscopy in 33 (33/75,44.0％)patients.Results of the 2 methods in 24 patients (24/75,32.0％)were not completely same,those in 8 patients (8/75,10.7％)were totally different.18F-FDG PET/CT detected 145 lesions,while enteroscope only detected 119 lesions.Diffuse high FDG uptake was shown in intestinal wall in 40 of 65 patients,and mild mucosa injury was showed by enteroscope in 18 patients (45.0％,18/40).(3)Fortyeight of 65 patients detected by PET/CT were proven clinically to be in active stage,and the rest were in stable stage.The SUVmax of active stage group (8.31±4.21) was significantly higher than that of the chronic stage group (6.36±3.15;t =2.033,P＜0.05).There was a linear correlation between CRP and SUVmax of patients in active stage(r=0.453,P＜0.01).Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT is helpful to assess the activity of IBD and may serve as a supplementary diagnosing tool to detect the lesions under the epithelium of bowel,which are often false-negative by enteroscope.

Objective To investigate the relationship between miR-411 and breast cancer,and the expression of miR-411 and its effects and mechanism research on proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer.Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR411 in breast cancer cells and tissues.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),clone formation assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effect of miR-411 expression on the proliferation,migration and invasion in breast cancer cells.The effect of miR-411 on growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) expression in breast cancer cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The direct effect of miR-411 target on GRB2 was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay.MTT,clone formation assay and Transwell assay detect the effect of GRB2 expression on the proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells.Detection the effect high expression of miR-411 on GRB2 downstream signaling pathway related molecules expression in breast cancer cell with Western blot.Results The expression of miR-411 in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of miR-411 in breast cancer cells SK-BR-3,BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the negative control group,the transfection of miR-411 mimic inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Targetscan showed that miR-411 could bind to GRB2 3'UTR at position 741-747.Compared with the negative control group,GRB2 3'UTR wild-type plasmid and miR-411 co-transfection reduced the fluorescence activity (P ＜ 0.05).Transfection of siGRB2 significantly reduced the expression of GRB2 protein in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the negative control group,the inhibition of GRB2 expression reduced the proliferation and the number of colony formation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Transwell assay showed that transfection of siGRB2 significantly reduced the number of invasive cells in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions miR-411 is related closely to the occurrence and development of breast cancer,miR-411-GRB2-Ras axis is expected to become a new target for biological treatment of breast cancer.