ObjectiveTo investigate the role of the anti-podocyte antibody in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy(MN).Methods Thirty-six frozen section slice from biopsies of normal kidney were randomly divided into 3 groups:A,B and C groups(n=12,respectively),then,serum of MN and IgA nephropothy patients,and normal saline were added by drops to frozen section respectively,then the changes were observed by fluorescence microscope.Twenty-one male New Zealand white rabbits were feed with standard diet for 1 week,then were randomly divided into 3 groups:D,E,F groups (n=7,respectively),and injected with the serum of MN and IgA nephropathy,and normal saline respectively through ear-border vein.24-h urinary protein, serumalbumin, serumcreatinineweredetected. Atweek8afterinjection, the histopathological changes in kidney tissue of rabbits were observed by light microscope,electron microscope and immunofluorescence staining. Results Immunofluorescenee staining displayed IgG deposition in glomerular podocytes in group A,and there was no positive expression in other two groups.The quantitative measurement of 24-h urinary protein increased significantly after injection of MN serum (P＜0.01),meanwhile the serum albumin markedly decreased (P＜0.01).The inmnunofluorescence staining showed that IgG deposited in the glomerulus capillaries wall,which presented spherical particles.Light microscope revealed the thickening of GBM without nailing process formation.Electron microscope showed the podocyte foot processes,subepithelial dense deposits.Such pathological changes were not found in E group and F group.Conclusion There is anti-podocyte antibody in blood of MN patients,which may play a role in the pathogenesis of MN.

A molecularly imprinted film ( MIF) was prepared on the surface plasmon resonance ( SPR) sensor chip for the detection of testosterone. The nanometer imprinted film was synthesized by surface grafting approach. First, the gold sensor chip was modified with an iniferter of benzyl diethyldithiocarbamate to create the “grafting from” polymeric surface. Grafting of the MIF onto the SPR chip was subsequently achieved through ultraviolet light-initiated copolymerization of methacrylic acid ( functional monomer ) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ( crosslinker ) in the presence of testosterone as a model template. The template molecules were then removed to form a MIF with specific recognition sites for testosterone. With this iniferter technique , self-aggregation in the reaction solution phase was avoided and grafting polymerization was confined to the exterior of the chip surface. The grafting process was implemented by in situ monitoring with SPR, which permitted the thickness of the film to be easily and strictly controlled. The chip surface modified with a testosterone-imprinted film was characterized by the methods of polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy ( PM-IRRAS ) and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) . According to the results, testosterone-imprinted film modification of the SPR chip was achieved by the distribution of numerous homogeneous, nanoscale holes on the surface. The testosterone-imprinted film was applied on a SPR sensor chip for the detection of testosterone in the range of 2 . 5 í 10-16 to 2 . 5 í 10-6 mol/L in acetonitrile with the lowest determining concentration of 2. 5 í 10-16 mol/L. Adsorption experiments showed that there were two kinds of binding sites in the MIF, and the linear correlations between the changes in reflectivity and the concentration of testosterone were y=19. 69 + 1. 21x(R2=0. 9913) and y=11. 5 + 0. 45x(R2=0. 9895), respectively. Control experiments utilizing estradiol, estriol, and progesterone as analogues showed impressive selectivity and specificity for testosterone determination. The testosterone-imprinted film reproducibility was evaluated with five cycles of rinsing-rebinding and the RSD was 16 . 8% and 11 . 2% for the SPR angle changes in rinsing and rebinding respectively, demonstrating that the MIF-modified SPR sensor had good reproducibility and repeatability. Finally, the SPR sensor was successfully used to determine testosterone in artificial urine samples with recoveries from 85 . 2% to 92 . 8%.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of fungi and bacteria detected by using blood culture from 2010 to 2013. Methods BacT/Alert 3D blood culture system was used,Then VITEK microbiological analyzer was used to identify the bacteria and perform drug sensitivity test,the results were analyzed using WHONET5.4 software.Results There were 108 positive speci-mens among 1 176 samples,the detection rate was 9.18%.Among 123 isolates,60 strains were gram positive(48.78%),47 strains were gram negative(38.21%),16 strains was fungus(13.01%).The major five kinds of pathogenic bacteria were coagulase nega-tive staphylococcus(CNS,44 strains),Escherichia coli (18 strains),Klebsiella pneumoniae (15 strains),candida albicans (10 strains)and Staphylococcus aureus(7 strains).The detection rate of methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were 72.73%(32/44)in CNS strains and 57.14% (4/7)in Staphylococcus aureus strains,the antibiotic resistance rates of MRSA and MRCNS were significantly higher than that of MSSA and MSCNS,none of Staphylococcus aureus strain was resistant to vancomycin and linezolid.The sensitive rate of Candida albicans to fluconazole,ketoconazole and mi-conazole was high.50% of Escherichia coli strains and 40% percent of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs).The sensitive rate of Enterobacteriaceae to imipenem and meropenem were both 100.00%.The sensitive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone/shubatan,piperacillin/tazobactam were both high.Conclusion CNS is the major kind of bacteria in blood culture.The antibiotic resistance of bacteria is increasing and it is necessary to pay attention to blood cul-ture results in order to guide the clinical use of drugs.

Objectives: To verify the feasibility and safety of the anterior transpedicular screw(ATPS) fixation of the upper thoracic spine (T1-T4) through the radiological anatomy study on the cadaveric specimens. Methods: The upper thoracic spine thin-section CT data of 40 cases were collected from the radiology de-partment′s database(20 males and 20 females, aged from 18 to 68 years, the mean age was 39.7 years). The data of OPW(outer pedicle width), OPH(outer pedicle height), PAL(pedicle axis length), TPA(transverse section angle), SPA(sagittal section angle), DTIP(distance of transverse intersection point) and DSIP(distance of sagittal intersection point) of each pedicle were measured on the transverse and sagittal sections through the axis of each pedicle. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed. 10 upper thoracic spine(C7-T6) specimens of adults(5 males and 5 females, with unknown ages), with no damage to their appearance, the costovertebral joints and paravertebral soft tissue were completely retained. Then simulate surgical operations were done on the cadaveric specimens based on the obtained data. Screws were implanted anteriorly by free hand. After that, the specimens accepted X-ray fluoroscopy and CT scan. At last, the screws were removed, the speci-mens were sawed along the transaction and sagittal section of the screw channel. Then the success rate of the screw placement was evaluated according to Rao′s worn out classification standard of pedicle screws. Results: From T1 to T4, the OPW decreased from 8.14mm to 3.47mm; the OPH increased from 6.89mm to 10.29mm; the TPA decreased from 32.96° to 11.64°; the DTIP increased from 1.80mm to 5.50mm; the SPA increased from 104.95° to 115.74°; the DSIP increased from 5.95 to 8.76mm; the PAL changed irregularly, from 32.95 to 35.96mm. The pedicle diameters of T3 and T4 were too small to implant ATPS, but the ARTPS can be implanted successfully. The diameter of ATPS was about 4.0mm; the length of ATPS was about 35mm. The diameter of ARTPS was about 5.0mm; the length of ARTPS was about 35mm. 80 pedicle screws were implanted anteriorly, according to Rao′s worn out classification standard of pedicle screws, the fine rate was 90%. The internal walls of 7 pedicles were broken by screws of less than 2mm and no compression to the spinal cord. The internal walls of 5 pedicles were broken of 2 to 4mm, 1 at T1, 1 at T3 and 3 at T4, with varying degrees of spinal cord compression. The internal walls of 2 pedicles were broken of greater than 4mm, 1 at T2 and 1 at T4, with serious spinal cord compression. The external wall of 1 pedicle was broken at T2. Conclusions: The ATPS techniques at T1, T2 and the ARTPS techniques at T3, T4 are feasible, but the safety and clinical practice and further research is needed.

Objective To explore the information distribution of PM2.5 periodical paper both in English and Chinese in China.Methods Comprehensive analysis result was made based on the overall output of literature,academic attention trend,literature distribution and growth trend,authority institution and author ranking using high volume database,data mining,clustering analysis and visualization technology.Results There has been a rapid rise in the Chinese PM2.5 periodical paper in recent 5 years,with a sharp rise during the year 2011 to 2013 and the biggest rise in 2012.The periodicals that carry Chinese PM2.5 literature are mainly in the subjects of environment,health,resources.Researching organizations are mainly domestic famous comprehensive universities or research institutions.Core journal lists include those of China science and technology information institute,Peking University,and Chinese academy of science.Research terms mainly include PM2.5 air pollution,haze,particulate matter.Compared to the PM2.5 literature in Chinese,there has been slower development of literature in English in recent 5 years.Research organizations mainly include famous comprehensive universities or research institutions,and most of the literature are embodied in SCI,EI and Medline.Conclusions Some certain achievements have been made towards the PM2.5 research in China and the overall academic level of periodical paper is high,laying solid foundation for having a scientific knowledge of PM2.5 and taking countermeasure for haze.

Objective:To observe clinical,therapeutic effect of Qiankun Capsule on lung cancer and to study on the mechanism.Methods:100 cases of lung cancer were randomly divided into Qiankun Capsule group(capsule group),chemotherapy group and chemotherapy plus capsule group(combination group).Their clinical symptoms,immune indexes,blood picture,life state(assessed with Karnofsky criteria),body weight,and expression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)were compared. Results:The total effective rate of 94.12% in the capsule group and 90.91% in the combination group were significantly higher than 57.58% in the chemotherapy group(P

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of treatment with microsurgery in combination with local injection of type A botulinum toxin for vocal process granuloma. METHOD: 28 patients with vocal process granuloma received endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. The lesion was removed with micro-scissor and CO2 laster under a self-retaining laryngoscope and microscope. The incision and mucous membrane surrounding the wound was closed with 8-0 absorbable suture. 4-point injection of botulinum toxin type A 8-15 u was then performed along the thyroarytenoid muscle and arytenoid muscle of the same side. Postoperative medication was administered based on disease causes. RESULT: All patients experienced vocal cord dyskinesia of the injected side 2-3 days after surgery. At 1 month after the surgery, wound healing was good in all the 28 patients, and the vocal cord movement was limited at the injected side. At 3 months, movement of the bilateral vocal cords was normal, and the vocal cord process mucosa was smooth. Patients were followed up for more than a year, and only one patient had recurrence in 2 months after surgery. The cure rate was 96. 4%. CONCLUSION Combination of laryngeal microsurgery and type A botulinum toxin local injection can shorten the treatment course of vocal process granuloma.
Anesthesia, General ; Botulinum Toxins ; administration & dosage ; Granuloma ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Injections ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; Laryngeal Muscles ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Laryngoscopes ; Larynx ; Microsurgery ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Vocal Cords ; Wound Healing

To reveal the scientific research situation of general hospitals in recent years in　china,the authors retrieved papers included in CBM、CCD and ISI Web of Knowledge,and compared　the production of papers from the general hospital in 15 sub-provincial cities during the period of 2000　-2009.Also the citation frequency of all papers and the average citation frequency were compared.

Objective To establish a scientific evaluation index system for medical service scientific research competitiveness for government assessment.Methods The evaluation indexes and their weights were determined after two rounds Delphi consultation.Results Construct a hierachical index system composed of three groups,namely investment,output and effects,including three first class index,13 second ones and 50 third ones after two rounds Delphi consultation.Conclusions The index system has reasonable structure and comprehensive contents,reflecting the core idea of scientific research competitiveness evaluation.

Objective To probe into the status and development trend of avian influenza,so as to provide reference for further research.Methods The article took the avian influenza literature as the object of study,took Gopubmed as the retrieval and statistical tool,made information analysis of the subjects,time,sources,distribution,authors and literature development trends of avian influenza research.Results The main subjects of avian influenza literature involved influenza in birds and influenza,human.There has been a sharp increase on the literature number of avian influenza in the recent decade with the most in 2006.The United States accounted for the most literature and China ranked the second place.The sources of avian influenza literature were mainly the SCI journals from the United States and European countries.Conclusions Gopubmed can show a vivid picture of the current situation and development trend of avian influenza research.Further improvements are needed both in the quality and quantity of avian influenza research in China