AIM: To investigate the effect of injection stauntoniae ( IS) on inflammatory pain responses in mice.METHODS:The carrageenan test was used to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of IS .Except for control group, the mice in other groups received an injection of λ-carrageenan solution (1%, 50 μL) into the plantar region of the left hind paws , followed by a subcutaneous injection of IS at doses of 12.5%, 50%and 100%or equal vol-ume of 0.9%NaCl.Both paw edema and hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation were measured 4 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the injection of λ-carrageenan solution.The lumbar-5 (L5) dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of the mice were taken to inves-tigate the cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX-2) expression by immunohistochemical staining .RESULTS:Subcutaneous injection of IS potently inhibited paw edema and hyperalgesia induced by λ-carrageenan in the mice accompanied with the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in L 5 DRGs.CONCLUSION:IS exerts the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the in-flammatory responses by inhibiting the protein expression of COX-2 in DRGs.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and drug combined with endoscopic treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB).Methods:From January 2012 to December 2013, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, the data of 147 patients with liver cirrhosis and EGVB undergoing TIPS or drug combined with endoscopic treatment were retrospectively collected, with 87 cases in TIPS treatment group and 60 in drug combined with endoscopic treatment group.The 5 years follow-up data were analyzed, and the overall survival rates, rebleeding-free survival rates and hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after treatment of two groups were compared. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Z test, log-rank test and trend test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, initial liver function, coagulation function, liver ascites, previous history of hepatic encephalopathy, blood pressure and preoperative blood transfusion history between the TIPS treatment group and combination of drugs and endoscopy treatment group (all P>0.05). Forty-one patients died within 5 years, of which 20 (48.8%) died of rebleeding and 6 (14.6%) died of hepatic encephalopathy. There were no significant differences in 6-week, 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year overall survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was higher than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (78.4% vs. 63.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.06, P=0.048). The 6-week, 1-year, 2-year, 5-year rebleeding-free survival rates of the TIPS group were 97.7%, 96.5%, 88.9% and 70.9%, respectively, which were all higher than those of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (86.7%, 53.3%, 43.3% and 27.1%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.35, 6.39, 6.26 and 4.80, all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 years after treatment between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was lower than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (67.7% vs. 86.7%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.28, P=0.030). The lower the Child-Pugh classification, the higher the cumulative 5-year survival rate ( χ2=6.75, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rate in patients with the same Child-Pugh classification between the TIPS group and the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of TIPS is better than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment in treating EGVB. Even the long-term risk of hepatic encephalopathy of TIPS is higher, the short-term, middle-term and long-term rebleeding rate are decreased. Patients with Child-Pugh grade C do not need to avoid TIPS when choosing the treatment, the earlier the TIPS used, the better survival benefit will be obtained.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in repairing oxidative nerve cells,and to study the antioxidant capacity of PQQ on the oxidative damage of rats caused by apolexis,as well as the effects on learning and memory abilities of apolexis rats.Methods Oxidative damage of PC12 was induced by H2O2,and the repairing rate of PQQ on oxidative PC12 cells was tested by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay kit.The 18-month-old male SD rats were administered PQQ (0,10,20,40 mg/kg).After 4 weeks,Morris water maze test was used to test the learning and memory ability.After 6 weeks,serum and brain tissue related indicators and antioxidant capacity were recorded.Results The survival rate of PC12 cells increased from 59.1％ to 90.5％ with 200 nmol/L PQQ.Compared with the apolexis model group,the latency of the PQQ group (20,40 mg/kg) was shortened in the Morris water maze experiment,the swimming distance was reduced,pass-through counts were increased,and the first secure platform pass-through was reduced.Meanwhile,the levels of malondialdehyde and lipofuscin in serum and brain tissue of PQQ group decreased,the levels of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase vitality,antioxidant capacity of PQQ group (20,40 mg/kg) were enhanced.Conclusion PQQ could repair the oxidative damage of nerve cells,and it was confirmed that PQQ could play the same antioxidant effect in body and brain,and increase the learning and memory ability of apolexis rats.

Objective:With the help of SWOT(S: internal strengths, W: internal weaknesses, O: external opportunities, T: external threats)analysis, to explore the internal and external conditions of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy applied to improve the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease, and to propose development strategies.Methods:SWOT analysis was used to analyze and sort out the internal strengths and internal weaknesses, external opportunities and external threats of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease.Results:The internal strengths of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease were significant therapeutic effect, strong operability and high cost-effectiveness. The internal weaknesses included excessive dependence on patients′ treatment enthusiasm, and a lack of psychological training among nurses. The external opportunities included demand support, technical support, and theoretical support. The external threats were the lack of large-scale empirical research and the risk of patient personal information leakage.Conclusions:In the clinical application of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy to improve the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease, both strengths and weaknesses coexist, and opportunities and threats coexist. Only by taking strengths of opportunities to overcome weaknesses, improve the autonomy and enthusiasm of patients in treatment, and increase the psychological training of medical staff, can internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy be further promoted in the clinical application of improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVE：To provide refere nce f or the quality control and evaluation of rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece. METHODS ：Taking 17 batches of rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece from different manufacturers as samples ，HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of 4 kinds of alkaloids as epiberberine ，coptisine， palmatine and berberine. The compound weights of epiberberine ，berberine，palmatine and berberine were calculated by the subjective and objective combination weighting method （AHP combined with variation coefficient ）. Then the quality evaluation method was used to evaluate the quality of decoction pieces combined with the appearance of decoction pieces and the contents of 4 alkaloids. The percent mass constant was calculated and the grade of rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece was classified. RESULTS ：According to the results of content determination of 4 kinds of alkaloids ，among 17 batches of samples ，a total of 13 batches of samples met the requirements of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）. Mass constants of 13 batches of qualified samples were 10.03-26.96，and the percent mass constants were 37.20％-100％. If the percent mass constant ≥ 80％ of the sample was listed as the first-class product ，the sample with the percent mass constant between 50％-＜80％ was classified as the second-class product ，and the rest was listed as the third-class product ，therefore the quality constant of first-class product was ≥21.57，that of second-class product was 13.48-＜21.57，and that of third-class product was ＜13.48. According to the grading standard ，3 batches of 13 batches of qualified samples are classified as first-class products ，6 batches are classified as second-class products ，4 batches are classified as third-class products. CONCLUSIONS ：The established subjective and objective combination weighting method and quality constant method can more scientifically and reasonably classify rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece.

Objective:To explore the real experience of developing self-consciousness, self-discovery, self-identity crisis and self-cognition improvement of young cancer patients from the initial stage of diagnosis, and to provide reference for medical staff to construct the intervention mode of psychosocial support.Methods:Using phenomenological method in qualitative research, 14 young cancer patients aged 18-25 years from April 2019 to August 2020 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were interviewed in semi-structured way separately at three time points: initial diagnosis, 6 months after diagnosis and 12 months after diagnosis. 7-step Colaizzi analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:Three themes were extracted as following. The dilemma of self-cognition, self-identity biases and the exploration of self-identity.Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the psychological problems of young cancer patients at all stages, and meet the needs of patients to talk, cooperate with professional psychotherapists, encourage patients to recognize themselves, tap the inner positive power, so as to improve their sense of self-identity.

This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education (GHE) as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE's development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disci-plinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared be-tween 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like "Google Scholar","PubMed",and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts col-lected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China's GHE programs was built on China's increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health de-partment in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH) grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes "unique" to stu-dents majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1) clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2) multidisciplinary col-laborations;(3) public-sector investments;and (4) non-public sectors participation.Amidst China's increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.

Objective We propose a low-dose CT reconstruction method using partial differential equation (PDE) denoising under high-dimensional constraints. Methods The projection data were mapped into a high-dimensional space to construct a high-dimensional representation of the data, which were updated by moving the points in the high-dimensional space. The data were denoised using partial differential equations and the CT image was reconstructed using the FBP algorithm. Results Compared with those by FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, the relative root mean square error of the Shepp-Logan image reconstructed by the proposed method were reduced by 68.87％, 50.15％ and 27.36％, the structural similarity values were increased by 23.50％, 8.83％ and 1.62％, and the feature similarity values were increased by 17.30％, 2.71％ and 2.82％, respectively. For clinical image reconstruction, the proposed method, as compared with FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, resulted in reduction of the relative root mean square error by 42.09％, 31.04％and 21.93％, increased the structural similarity values by 18.33％, 13.45％ and 4.63％, and increased the feature similarity values by 3.13％, 1.46％ and 1.10％, respectively. Conclusion The new method can effectively reduce the streak artifacts and noises while maintaining the spatial resolution in reconstructed low-dose CT images.

Objective We propose a low-dose CT reconstruction method using partial differential equation (PDE) denoising under high-dimensional constraints. Methods The projection data were mapped into a high-dimensional space to construct a high-dimensional representation of the data, which were updated by moving the points in the high-dimensional space. The data were denoised using partial differential equations and the CT image was reconstructed using the FBP algorithm. Results Compared with those by FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, the relative root mean square error of the Shepp-Logan image reconstructed by the proposed method were reduced by 68.87％, 50.15％ and 27.36％, the structural similarity values were increased by 23.50％, 8.83％ and 1.62％, and the feature similarity values were increased by 17.30％, 2.71％ and 2.82％, respectively. For clinical image reconstruction, the proposed method, as compared with FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, resulted in reduction of the relative root mean square error by 42.09％, 31.04％and 21.93％, increased the structural similarity values by 18.33％, 13.45％ and 4.63％, and increased the feature similarity values by 3.13％, 1.46％ and 1.10％, respectively. Conclusion The new method can effectively reduce the streak artifacts and noises while maintaining the spatial resolution in reconstructed low-dose CT images.

Objective:To explore the experience of young cancer patients using mobile health applications, so as to provide a basis for improving the utilization rate and sustainability of health applications.Methods:From May to June 2020, purpose sampling was used to select 12 young cancer patients in the Internal Medicine Ward of a ClassⅢ Grade A cancer hospital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. The semi-structured interview with patients was conducted with the descriptive phenomenological method. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the data and refine the theme.Results:A total of four themes were summarized, namely, there was a difference in usage attitudes (being used for rehabilitation management, as a means of verification, generating resistance, and reducing the frequency of use) , insufficient function development and reduced user experience (lack of autonomy, insufficient intelligent evaluation) , desiring a professional operating agency, recognizing the development prospects and looking forward to perfection.Conclusions:In follow-up studies, researchers need to fully consider the patient's preference and usage habits for health applications on the basis of meeting the needs of disease management.