The low recovery of pertussis toxin (PT) and the low resolving efficiency of chromatography, due to the instability of PT in low salt condition, are the main challenges for its purification. We aplied 2 mol/L urea to prevent the aggregation and disassociation of PT during the purification by ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The effect of urea on the purification of PT was studied by ELISA assay and non-reduced SDS-PAGE. The activity recoveries of PT and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) in IEC and GFC, the resolution efficiency in GFC and the purities of PT and FHA were improved obviously by adding 2 mol/L urea in the mobile phase. The results highlight the potential application of urea in the acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) manufacture procedure.
Adhesins, Bacterial ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Humans ; Pertussis Toxin ; isolation & purification ; Pertussis Vaccine ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Solutions ; Urea ; chemistry ; Vaccines, Acellular ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella ; isolation & purification

Objective? ?To?analyze?the?risk?factors?of?delirium?in?patients?in?cardiac?surgery?intensive?care?unit?(CSICU).? Methods? A?prospective?observational?study?was?performed.?Patients?admitted?to?CSICU?of?Fujian?Medical?University?Union?Hospital?from?March?to?August?in?2017?were?enrolled.?The?combination?of?the?Richmond?agitation?sedation?scale?(RASS)?and?the?ICU-confusion?assessment?method?(CAM-ICU)?were?used?to?evaluate?delirium.?The?patient?was?assessed?on?the?second?day?after?CSICU?admission,?twice?a?day,?the?evaluation?was?stopped,?and?the?follow-up??observation?was?terminated?after?the?patient?was?discharged?from?CSICU.?The?patients?were?divided?into?two?groups?according?to?whether?delirium?occurred?in?CSICU.?The?general?and?clinical?treatment?data?(including?condition,?operation,?anesthesia?and?CSICU?treatment)?of?the?two?groups?were?compared.?The?related?factors?of?delirium?were?identified?by?univariate?analysis?and?multifactor?Logistic?regression?analysis.? Results? A?total?of?318?cases?were?included?in?this?study.?Among?them,?93?cases?had?delirium?and?the?incidence?of?delirium?was?29.2%.?It?was?shown?by?univariate?analysis?that?age,?history?of?hypertension,?type?of?surgery,?surgical?procedure,?American?Society?of?Anesthesiologists?(ASA)?anesthesia?classification,?usage?of?propofol,?plasma?transfusion,?red?blood?cells,?platelet?transfusion,?blood?loss,?operative?time,?cardiopulmonary?bypass?(CPB)?time,?myocardial?block?time,?acute?physiology?and?chronic?health?evaluation?Ⅱ?(APACHEⅡ),?duration?of?mechanical?ventilation,?the?length?of?intensive?care?unit?(ICU)?stay,?postoperative?usage?of?diazepam,?midazolam,?fentanyl,?morphine,?chlorpromazine,?etc.?which?were?related?to?delirium,?and?occupation?? (on-the-job?or?self-employed),?medical?insurance?(city?or?provincial?medical?insurance),?education?(primary?to?junior?high?school,?high?school?or?above)?could?reduce?the?risk?of?delirium.?Colinearity?diagnosis?was?performed?on?variables?with?statistically?significant?differences,?and?variables?with?variance?expansion?factor?(VIF)?

Objective To translate the English vcrsion of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ) into Chinese,and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ-C).Methods The ESQ-C was translated from the ESQ and back-translated,Delphi tcchnique was used to conduct cultural adaption.The reliability and validity of ESQ-C were tested in 313 cardiac surgery ICU patients.Results The ESQ-C contained 42 items.Eight factors that explained 51.803％ of the variance were extracted after exploratory factor analysis.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.851,the odd-even split-half reliability was 0.888.Conclusion ESQ-C was proved to be valid and reliable.It's a valuablc tool to assess the environment stressors of ICU patients in China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metformin/thiazolidinediones (TZDs) / glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs (triple therapy) with conventional glucose-lowering therapy(conventional therapy) for patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods: A prospective randomized-controlled 26-week study was carried out. A total of 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive either triple therapy protocal or just conventional therapy, altogether with 41 cases in each group. Results: HbA_1C value was significantly reduced in triple therapy group versus the conventional therapy group [(2.23±1.75)% vs (1.48±1.59)%, P<0.05]. Values of body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat area were significantly reduced in triple therapy group as compared to those of conventional therapy group [(2.50±1.81 vs 0.92±1.82)kg/m², (6.75±4.92 vs 1.66±3.25)cm, (24.10±19.10 vs 10.02±20.10)cm², all P<0.01, respectively]. Control rates of HbA_1C and fasting plasma glucose for triple therapy were higher than those for conventional therapy (both P<0.05). No hypoglycemia occurred in triple therapy group. Subjects receiving triple therapy experienced more frequent gastrointestinal side effects than those in conventional therapy group (18.87% vs 3.92%, P<0.05). The most common side event was mild nausea (90%). Conclusion Combination therapy with metformin/TZDs/GLP-1 analogs had statistically significant advantages in the control of body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat area in addition to the control of blood glucose over conventional glucose-lowering therapy in our patient cohort, it seems to be an optimized therapeutic regimen for patients with type 2 diabete and metabolic syndrome.