Objective To investigate the value of transoral carotid ultrasonography (TOCU) in detecting the change of distal extracranial internal carotid artery(ICA) with stenosis and occlusion in its initial segmen.Methods One hundred and ten patients with stenosis at least 50％ or occlusion in the initial segment of ICA diagnosed by high-frequency linear probe were enrolled as case group,while thirty two with healthy carotid arteries as control group.Both of the case and control groups were undergone high-frequency linear probe to examine CCA and the initial segment of ICA,and TOCU to observe their lumen transparency,color Doppler flow display and change of Doppler flow spectrum,even measuring the internal diameter,peak systolic velocity (PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV) and PSVICA/PSVCCA ratio,respectively.Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)were performed within two weeks,then compared with ultrasonography.Results 92.7％ patients were performed TOCU examination in case group and 93.8％ in control group.The internal diameter and PSV of the distal extracranial ICA became gradually smaller from control group to near occlusion group,and there were statistical significance between groups ( P ＜0.05),however,near occlusion group had no statistical significance compared with occlusion group( P ＞0.05).There were 80％ arteries having thrombus echo in occlusion group,and the others in this group having no thrombus had gloomy colour flow,even got low-velocity artery spectrum.Doppler flow spectrum of distal extracranial ICA showed characteristics of slow wave or single peak in near occlusion group,and spike shape or slow wave in 76.7 ％ arteries of 70％ ～near-occlusion stenosis group,but spike shape in 30.8％ arteries of 50％～69％ stenosis group,and the others were normal.Conclusions TOCU is useful for detecting the changing regularity of distal extracranial ICA with stenosis or occlusion in its initial segment and has the value of clinical application in association with high-frequency linear probe.

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of evaluation of renal allograft acute rejection in rat withcontrast-enhancedultrasound( CEUS )andtargetedmicrobubbles.MethodsPhospholipid microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1)(MBI) and control microbubbles (MB) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 or isotype control antibody to the lipid capsule via “avidin-biotin” bridging.Ten SD rats with acute renal allograft rejection were injected intravenous of MBI and MB in random order with a 30-min interval.After 3 min of intravenous injection of microbubbles,targeted CEUS imaging was performed in all rats.And then the video intensity (VI) was determined.ResultsIn MBI group,a significant ultrasonic enhancement was observed,but it was not very obvious in MB group.Increment in VI value of transplant kidney in MBI group was great and it amounted to (27.0 ± 7.4)U,however,increment in VI value of in MB group was minor and it was merely (10.2 ± 2.4) U,Difference was evident in transplant kidney between of the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Molecular imaging of ICAM-1 with targeted CEUS can evaluate renal allograft acute rejection effectively.

Objective To assess the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in Dalian Zhangzidao.Methods 1021 residents of Dalian Zhangzidao were randomly selected and examined.General conditions,life style,behaviors,and family histories were investigated.And physical examination and corresponding lab indexes were recorded.Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.Results The prevalence rate was 9.50% for all,with higher in men(11.75%) than in women(7.32%)(?2=5.83,P

Objective To establish a 29 Y-STRloci multiplex PC Rsystemfor investigating the genetic polymorphisms and to assess its application value in forensic science. Methods Amultiplex PC Rsystemw as established using a five color fluorescence labeling 29 Y-STRloci (DYS456, DYS389Ⅰ, DYS437, DYS447, DYS389Ⅱ, DYS438, DYS522, DYS460, DYS458, DYS622, DYS390, DYS392, DYS448, DYS449, DYS391, Y-GATA-H4, DYS388, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS393, DYS459a/b, DYS635, DYS439, DYS570 and DYS627) for multiple amplification and capillary electrophoresis. And its applicability w as validated w ith genetic polymorphismdata of 29 Y-STRof unrelated 2 000 male samples in Shandong Han population. Results Atotal of 1981different haplotypes of 2 000 individuals show ed genotype diver-sity betw een 0.370 0 and 0.965 4. The systemprovided stable and accurate typing w ith high sensitivity of 0.05 ng. It satisfied the needs of variety of routine biological samples. Conclusion The 29 Y-STRloci multiplex PC Rsystemcould be applied for actual cases and establishment of Y-STRdatabase. In addi-tion, it has great significance in forensic science practices and related research.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and susceptibility of lower respiratory tract infection in patients in our respiratory ward.METHODS All the clinical isolates from sputum or secretion of lower respiratory tract from 2003 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS A total of 1529 clinical isolates were collected,including 1326 strains of Gram-negative bacilli(86.7%) and 203 strains of Gram-positive cocci(13.3%).The proportion of Gram-negative bacilli was higher in lung underlying diseases group when compared with non-lung underlying diseases.Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H.influenzae were susceptible to spectinonycin,doxycycline and third-generation cephalosporins.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanni were susceptible to meropenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefepime.Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were susceptible to meropenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam and amikacin.The major Gram-positive isolates were highly resistant to azithromycin,erythromycin,penicillin.All Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin.Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were highly susceptible to meropenem,levofloxacin,cefazolin and vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Infection caused by Gram-negative bacilli are predominant in lower respiratory tract infection patients,especially in the patients with lung underlying diseases.Antibiotics resistance of some pathogens become increasingly severe.Therefore,the rational use of antibiotics is important for the containment of bacterial resistance.

ObjectiveTo identify the presence of side population (SP) cells in human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 and to investigate whether SP cells have the characteristics of cancer stem cells.MethodsSP and non-SP (NSP) cells from OVCAR-3 were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after being stained by DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342.Limiting dilution transplantation assay,realtime PCR,and drug sensitivity assay were performed to compare the tumorigenic ability,differentiation ability in vivo,the mRNA expressiou of stemness marker (Oct-4,Klf4,and Nanog) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (ABCG2,ABCB1,and ABCC2),and response to multiple drugs (cisplatin,paclitaxel,doxorubicin,and mitoxantrone )between SP and NSP cells.ResultsA few of SP cells [ ( 1.13 ±0.39) ％ ] which were sensitive to reserpine were identified in OVCAR-3 cells.The injection of as few as 102 SP cells initiated tumors in two of five mice.Tumor latency was 52 -61 days.However,the NSP cells did not generate any tumors in mice until 104 NSP cells were injected (two of five mice).Tumor latency was 64 - 98 days.Tumorigenicity of SP cells was enhanced by at least 100-fold than that of NSP cells.The SP cells regenerated both SP [ ( 2.09 ± 0.73 ) ％ ] and NSP populations in vivo with a fraction size that was comparable to the original population.The mRNA expression ofstemness genes Oct-4,Klf4 and ABC transporters ABCG2,ABCC2 genes were elevated in SP cells compared to NSP cells,the fold changes were 1.95±0.41 (P＜0.05),4.26 ±0.63 (P＜0.01),3.22±0.36 (P＜0.01),and 1.76±0.26 (P＜0.01 ),respectively.The relative activity of SP and NSP cells were 0.757 ± 0.105 versus 0.474 ± 0.035 (P＜0.01),0.521 ±0.092 versus 0.384 ±0.073 (P＜0.05),0.742 ±0.051 versus 0.526 ±0.088 (P ＜0.01 ),and 0.690 ± 0.096 versus 0.466 ± 0.112 ( P ＜ 0.01 ) when they exposed to 0.25 μg/ml cisplatin, 0.01μmol/Lpaclitaxel, 0.25μmol/Ldoxorubicin, and0.05μg/mlmitoxantrone,respectively.ConclusionsSP cells from OVCAR-3 have enhanced self-renewal,differentiation,and tumorinitiating capacity compared to NSP cells.The mRNA expression of stemness genes and ABC transporters are markedly elevated in SP cells,which showed resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and have characteristics of cancer stem-like cells.Therefore,SP phenotype could be used as a marker to isolate the cancer stem-like cells in ovarian cancer.

AIM: To study the protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on alveolar type II cells (AT-Ⅱ) damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODS: AT-Ⅱ were placed in a 6 well cell culture cluster (0.5?106 cells/cm2) and divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS. (2) LPS group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L). (3) ANP group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L) and ANP (10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L). After 4, 12 and 24 h, the cell culture mediums of control group, LPS group and ANP (10-7 mol/L) group were collected, and those of the ANP (10-6, 10-8 mol/L) group were collected after 12 h. Alkaline phosphatase(AKP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), total phospholipids (TPL) and surface tension (ST) in the medium of every group were examined. RESULTS: AT-Ⅱ were characterized by AKP staining. The contents of LDH, AKP and MDA in the medium of every ANP group were lower than those in the corresponding LPS group. The TPL content in the medium of every ANP group was higher than that in the corresponding LPS group, and the change of ST of the medium was opposite to that of TPL. The effect at 12 h was the most significant, for example, at 12 h, the activities of AKP in the mediums were: control (43.5?10.4) U/L, LPS (98.1?16.4) U/L, LPS+ANP (10-6) (46.4?10.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-7) (60.7?9.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-8) (91.3?13.9) U/L.CONCLUSION: ANP protects the AT-Ⅱ from being damaged by LPS and promotes the secretion of pulmonary surfactants.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and sensitivity to antibiotics isolated from infected patients in emergency department. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibility tests to commonly used antibiotics were performed to the specimen send by the emergency and respiratory departments in our hospital in 2007.The data were analyzed respectively. RESULTS Totally 340 strains were isolated in emergency department and 366 strains were isolated in respiratory department.The main bacteria isolated were similar in the two departments such as Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,but their sensitivities to antibiotics were different. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial distribution of the infected patients in emergency department is similar to respiratory departments,but their sensitivities to antibiotics are different.

Objective: To investigate the general situation of sleep duration, sleep quality and related risk factors among primary students in Shanghai and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of students sleep health. Methods: By using stratified cluster random sampling method, 3 410 students from 16 primary schools in four urban areas and four suburb areas of Shanghai were selected to conduct sleep health questionnaire survey and physical examination Chi square test was used for group comparison while binary Logistic regression was used to assess possible factors related with sleep quality. Results: The detection rate of sleep insufficiency (<10 h) among students was 93.0%. The detection rate of poor sleep quality was 66.8% with 67.1% in girls and 66.6% in boys. The top three sleep problems were daytime sleepiness(80.9%), irregular sleep duration (74.1%) and sleep anxiety(59.5%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that everyday moderate-intensity physical activity (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.04-2.21) and daily walking activity (more than 10 minutes)(OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.08-1.50) were risk factors of poor sleep quality(P<0.05). Conclusion In Shanghai, the prevalence of sleep insufficiency and poor sleep quality among primary students are high. Sleep health was associated with moderate physical activity and walking activity. Increasing the duration of moderate physical activity and daily walking activity is the very important measures in prevention and control of the sleep problems.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and trend of diet related behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate health education strategies. Methods: Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 71 291 students selected by multi stage stratified cluster sampling method from junior high schools,senior high schools and vocational schools in Shanghai in the year of 2008,2012,2015,2017,2019. The questionnaire adopted was "Shanghai adolescent health related behavior questionnaire". Test for trend test were applied for the analysis of the prevalence of their dietary behaviors. Results: The proportion of middle school students nutritional status within the normal range in each survey year were 73.40 %, 72.60%, 68.06%, 68.73%, 67.53%, respectively, while the rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.17% in 2008 to 23.73% in 2019. The proportion of "eating fried food" decreased significantly by year, from 12.05 % to 4.23% (male, APC=-7.94%, t =-4.33, female, APC= -9.29%, t=-7.71, P <0.05) respectively. And the proportion of "eating dessert" also decreased significantly by year, from 31.66% to 11.14% (male, APC=-8.41%, t =-6.37, female, APC=-8.67%, t=-6.96, P <0.05). In the five surveys, the percentages of healthy diet related behaviors of secondary school students were 12.81%-21.82%, no significant upward trend was observed in the whole( P >0.05). The proportion of diet-related behaviors of nutrition unbalance and easily leading to obesity decreased significantly from 35.47% to 17.00%(APC=-6.71%, t= -5.00 , P <0.05). The proportion of diet related behavior of nutrition unbalance and not easily leading to obesity increased significantly from 39.15% to 60.16%(APC=3.46%, t=6.18, P <0.05). Conclusion Overweight and obesity among secondary school students in Shanghai are increasing during the past decade, and the proportion of healthy dietary behaviors is low. The knowledge of rational diet should be publicized among these students in order to develop healthy dietary behaviors.